第三届跨区域命题征集活动成果展示（上）

原创试题（一）

It would be much more convenient if electric cars could be recharged wirelessly.Some electric toothbrushes and other small devices,such as mobile phones,can already be topped up in this way using a process called electromagnetic induction（电磁感应）.This employs some kind of electrical current flowing through a coil（线圈）to create a varying magnetic field,which then generates another current in a second coil placed alongside it,which is used to recharge a battery.

As users of electric toothbrushes and phones will know,device and charger must be both close to each other and precisely aligned（校准的）for this process to work.That is tricky to achieve with an electric car,which sits above the ground and requires higher levels of energy transfer.

These problems are being overcome with advances like that made by WiTricity,a firm based near Boston.This company was founded in 2007 to commercialize the work of Marin Soljaèi and his colleagues at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Dr Soljaèi knew,in theory,that by having the transmitting and receiving coils resonate（共振）at the same frequency it should be possible to transfer greater amounts of energy over longer distances,and he sought to commercialize the system to large companies,such as BMW.

An advantage of wireless recharging is what WiTricity’s boss calls“power snacking”.This is topping up the battery when a car is stationary for a short time.The company provides systems to recharge taxis in this way while they wait in line,and to do the same for electric buses at bus stops.It is also possible to charge vehicles while they are on the move.That might make sense in places where vehicles often queue up,such as at airports。

1.What is the key element to charge electric cars wirelessly?

A.Devices being closed to chargers.

B.An electrical current flowing through a coil.

C.A process of electrical currents transformation.

D.High levels of energy transfer.

2.What make electric cars get large amounts of energy wirelessly possible?

A.Charging vehicles while they are on the move.

B.That the transmitting and receiving coils cooperate well.

C.Commercializing the system to BMW.

D.The transformation of energy over longer distances.

3.What does the underlined word“stationary”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A.Motionless.

B.Moving.

C.Firm.

D.Unchanging.

4.Which is the most suitable title for the text?

A.Advantages and disadvantages of wirelesscharging

B.Wireless vehicle-charging is starting to look promising

C.Various forms of wireless-charging systems

D.How to charge a car with a wireless-charging system

【解析】

1.C【命题意图】理解具体信息

【解题思路】题干问电动汽车无线充电的关键原理是什么。根据文章第一段的“This employs some kind of electrical current,...which is used to recharge a battery.”（电磁感应原理就是某种电流流经一个线圈时产生一个变化的磁场，这个变化的磁场在附近的另一个线圈中产生感应电流，这个感应电流就可以用来给电池充电）以及第二段内容可知，电池充电的过程就是电能的转移过程。故C 项正确。

【干扰项分析】A、B、D 项都属于“断章取义”，在文中都有提到，都是电池充电的必备条件，但都不是最重要的。

2.B【命题意图】理解具体信息

【解题思路】题干问什么使电动汽车在无线情况下能够接收大量电能成为可能。根据第三 段“Dr Soljaèi knew,in theory,that by having the transmitting and...transfer greater amounts of energy over longer distances”可知，在理论上，通过让原线圈和感应线圈同频状态下产生共振，更远距离上传输更多的电能就有可能，可知，电动汽车能充上电的关键在于两个线圈同频状态下的共振。故B 项正确。

3.A【命题意图】理解词汇

【解题思路】题干问“stationary”什么意思。根据画线词所在句可知电动汽车短时间_________可以充电以及下文“The company provides systems to recharge taxis in this way while they wait in line,and to do the same for electric buses at bus stops.”(公司提供设备能够以这种方式给排队等候的出租车充电，也可以给在车站的公交车充电）可知，stationary 指的是出租车排队等候或公交车停在站里的状态。故A 项正确。

4.B【命题意图】理解文章主旨要义

【解题思路】题干问本文最佳标题是什么。第一段导入，由电动牙刷等无线充电装置及其充电原理导入；第二段由电动牙刷和手机等的无线充电过渡到电动汽车的无线充电，并提出要实现电动汽车无线充电所面临的难题；第三段主要讲述WiTricity 公司克服技术难题，使电动汽车无线充电从理论上成为可能；第四段主要讲述电动汽车无线充电的优点。由此可知，本文主要讲电动汽车无线充电的可能性及其前景。故B 项正确。

创新点分析

1 题：题干材料设置创新，四个选项文中都有，且分散在前两段，需要学生通读材料，结合自己的判断找出关键信息。

2 题：考查维度创新，选项都可以在文中找到，但学生只有整体上把握关键词句的意思才能做对。

3 题：考查角度创新，本题考查根据上下文猜测词义的能力，设置的是学过的单词的变形，学生必须在语境中仔细揣摩。

4 题：考查维度创新，做题时学生必须通篇理解，整理把握，概括文章大意。

【创新点描述】本文属于科普文，在关键科学原理上出题，真正考查学生的阅读理解能力和提取关键信息的能力；选题贴近学生生活，启发学生在生活中多思考，多创新。

【作者单位姓名】河南省宝丰县第一高级中学 张珍珍

原创试题（二）

Following a design shown on her cell phone,Ruan Xiyue,35,quickly sketched a manned spacecraft on a gourd（葫芦）,completing the first step of gourd sculpture,an intangible cultural heritage of northwest China’s Gansu Province.

Coming from a family engaged in gourd sculpture for almost 90 years in Lanzhou,the capital of Gansu,Ruan is not satisfied with just perfecting her technique.Instead,the fourth-generation inheritor aims to bring traditional craftsmanship closer to young people through marketing and sharing.

Dating back over 1 600 years,gourd sculpture was first developed as a decoration on people’s portable wine pots made of gourds.The pronunciation of“gourd”in Chinese,which resembles that of “luck and fortune”,partly explains its lasting popularity.

For Ruan,the fragrance of gourds is the smell of home.Upon graduating from college,she started learning gourd sculpture from her mother,sitting for hours every day practicing calligraphy and painting,which she deems as the essential training to become a qualified sculptor.Later,Ruan developed innovative products such as gourd mirrors and gourd necklaces to tap the market potential,believing they can help the craft reach more people.

Inside the museum of the intangible cultural heritage of Lanzhou,where Ruan works as a docent（讲解员）,her family opened a gourd sculpting studio in 2010,displaying their works as well as a history of the art.

Ruan likes talking with visitors to the studio,and their interactions inspired her to launch a curriculum for people to experience the craft in 2016.According to Ruan,around 800 people attend the courses every year.Among them are students eager to learn something new,and young parents who bring their kids along to enjoy some lovely family time.“Many participants told me that our courses enable them to know more about the history of Lanzhou,and help make the city’s memories last longer,”said Ruan.

Under Ruan’s influence,her mother is now live streaming on social media every day sharing her stories of gourd sculpture with viewers across the country.“Sharing is inheriting,”said Ruan.“When we share our skills and knowledge with more people,the traditional culture will naturally be spread on a wider scale,”said Ruan.

1.What do we know about Ruan?

A.She is a designer of manned spacecraft on a gourd.

B.She is an inheritor of an intangible cultural heritage.

C.She has engaged in gourd sculpture for almost 90 years.

D.She is good at teaching young people the craftsmanship.

2.What probably made Ruan a best inheritor?

A.Her true love for the art.

B.Graduating from college.

C.Her innovative products.

D.Practicing the art for hours.

3.Which words can be used to describe the curriculum?

A.Inspiring and touching.

B.New and memorable.

C.Popular and enjoyable.

D.Lovely and practical.

4.Which statement is the author likely to agree with?

A.Spreading the gourd sculpture is to share the stories.

B.Stories of gourd sculpture are viewed across the world.

C.Live streaming on social media is the best way to share.

D.Traditional culture will be spread wider through sharing.

【主题语境】人与社会——历史、社会与文化——传统文化的传承和传播

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了兰州市阮氏雕刻葫芦第四代传人阮熙越学习葫芦雕刻艺术，并且结合现代技术举办展览、课程、直播，分享和传播传统文化。

1.B 细节理解题。

【命题意图】考查学生对于关键信息的梳理、加工和理解能力以及对于关键信息转述的能力，要求考生掌握主题语境相关的词汇知识an intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产，sculpture 雕刻，inheritor 继承人等等。同时，对段落的精细化阅读，引导学生了解中国传统文化，并体会文章主人翁以中国传统文化为骄傲，以达到培养文化自信，爱国情怀的目的。

【命题意图】题干问的是我们对阮有什么了解。相关信息在文章第一、二段。

【关键信息提取】Following a design shown on her cell phone,Ruan Xiyue,35,quickly sketched a manned spacecraft on a gourd（葫芦）...Instead,the fourth-generation inheritor aims to bring traditional craftsmanship closer to young people through marketing and sharing.Coming from a family engaged in gourd sculpture for almost 90 years in Lanzhou，...

【信息解读】35 岁的阮熙越按照手机上显示的一个设计，迅速在葫芦上勾勒出了载人飞船。由此可知，阮并不是这个载人飞船的设计者，因此选项A 是偷换概念。

相反，第四代传承人的目标是通过营销和分享，让传统手工艺更接近年轻人。由此可知，阮是一位非物质文化遗产的传承人。故选B。而选项D 是干扰项，通过重叠young people，craftsmanship 等字眼混淆视听，实则是无中生有。

阮氏来自甘肃省一个从事葫芦雕刻近90 年的家庭。由此可知，并非阮从事葫芦雕刻90 年，选项C 张冠李戴。

2.A。推理判断题。

【命题意图】考查学生通过获取信息，了解阮为传承葫芦雕刻艺术所做的种种努力，从而推断出阮对这门艺术的态度，态度决定高度，热爱成就优秀的辩证思维。在考查学生能力的同时，传递给学生对传统文化的热爱并为其发扬光大而努力的正确价值观。

【解题思路】本题题干问什么让阮成了一个非常优秀的传承人。相关信息在文章第四、五、六三段。

【关键信息提取】Upon graduating from college,she started learning gourd sculpture from her mother,sitting for hours every day practicing calligraphy and painting,...

...Ruan developed innovative products such as gourd mirrors and gourd necklaces to tap the market potential,...

Inside the museum of the intangible cultural heritage of Lanzhou,where Ruan works as a docent,...

Ruan likes talking with visitors to the studio,and their interactions inspired her to launch a curriculum for people to experience the craft in 2016.

【信息解读】大学毕业后，她开始向母亲学习葫芦雕塑，每天坐着练习数小时的书法和绘画。阮研发了葫芦镜和葫芦项链等创新产品，以挖掘市场潜力。

在兰州市非物质文化遗产博物馆内，阮在那里担任讲解员。

阮喜欢与工作室的参观者交谈，他们的互动激励她在2016 年推出了一个课程，让人们体验这门艺术。

【信息推断】阮之所以会大学一毕业就开始学习雕刻艺术，能够每天坐着练习数小时，甚至创新产品，做讲解员、开设课程，都是源于她对雕刻艺术的热爱，因为热爱所以优秀，故选项A 为正确选项。

3.C 推理判断题。

【命题意图】通过数据、关键字眼进行推测的能力。

【解题思路】题目题干问的是哪些词语可以用来描述课程。相关信息在第六段。

【关键信息提取】According to Ruan,around 800 people attend the courses every year.Among them are students eager to learn something new,and young parents who bring their kids along to enjoy some lovely family time.

【信息解读】据阮说，每年大约有800 人参加这些课程。其中包括渴望学习新知识的学生，以及带着孩子一起享受美好家庭时光的年轻父母。

【信息推断】有800 人参加课程，这个数据说明这些课程受到欢迎（popular），并且家长带着孩子来上课享受美好家庭时光，说明课程是让人愉悦的(enjoyable)。故选C。

4.D 态度观点题。

【命题意图】考查学生推断作者观点态度。作者观点态度通常有两种表达，一种是显性的，作者自己表达观点；另一种是隐性的，作者借助文章人物的语言来表达自己的观点。如果作者的态度是中立客观的，作者会在文章中引用正反双方的观点。除了能力考查外，再次通过作者观点，传递正确对待传统文化的正确态度和做法，让文化自信的观念和文化传播的使命深入人心。

【解题思路】题目题干问的是作者会同意哪一个陈述。相关信息在文章最后一段。

【关键信息提取】“Sharing is inheriting,”said Ruan.“When we share our skills and knowledge with more people,the traditional culture will naturally be spread on a wider scale,”said Ruan.

【信息解读】阮说：“分享是传承，当我们与更多的人分享我们的技能和知识时，传统文化自然会在更大范围内传播。”

【信息推断】作者用阮所说的话做结尾，其实正是作者写作的目的所在，因此作者是会同意传统文化将会通过分享得到更广泛的传播的。故选D。

【创新点分析】

1.语篇选择：“无价值，不入题”。深度融入社会主义核心价值观，弘扬中华优秀传统文化、社会主义先进文化，在引导学生坚定理想信念、厚植爱国主义情怀、加强品德修养、培养奋斗精神上下功夫，将显性考查和隐性教育相结合，用精品试题让学生接受思想的启迪和文化的熏陶。

2.题目设置：“无思维，不命题”。突出对学生关键能力、思维过程和思维品质的考查要求，加强对信息获取与加工、逻辑推理与论证等。语篇后的四个问题有三个都是直接考查推测能力的，全面考查了关键能力，强调了思维品质的培养，与高考的“考能力”趋势相统一。

3.立德树人是核心：无论是选材还是设题，反复强调社会主义核心价值观，弘扬中华优秀传统文化的价值取向，例如第1、2、4 题。

【作者单位姓名】广东省中山市第二中学 蔡剑媚

原创试题（三）

Teachers worried about students turning in essays written by a popular artificial intelligence chatbot now have a new tool of their own.

Edward Tian,a computer science major at Princeton University,has built an App called GPTZero to detect whether a text is written by ChatGPT,which is a popular chatbot that has caused fears over its possibility for immoral uses in American academic circles.His motivation to create the computer program was to fight what he sees as an increase in AI plagiarism（剽窃）.Since the release of ChatGPT in 2022,there have been reports of students using the language model to pass off AI-written assignments as their own.Many teachers have reached out to him after he released GPTZero,telling him about the positive results they’ve seen from testing it.

To determine whether an essay is written by a computer program,GPTZero uses two indicators:“confusion”and“burstiness（突发性）”.The first indicator measures the complexity of text;if GPTZero is confused by the text,then it has a high complexity and it’s more likely to be human-written.However,if the text is more familiar to GPTZero —because it’s been trained on such data — then it will have low complexity and therefore is more likely to be AI-generated.Besides,the second indicator compares the variations of sentences.Humans tend to write with greater burstiness,for example,with some longer or complex sentences alongside shorter ones.AI sentences tend to be more uniform.

In a demonstration video,Tian compared the App’s analysis of a story in The New Yorker and a LinkedIn post written by ChatGPT.It successfully distinguished writing between human and AI.However,GPTZero isn’t foolproof,as some users have reported when putting it to the test.He said he’s still working to improve the model’s accuracy.

Tian is not opposed to the use of AI tools like ChatGPT.GPTZero is“not meant to be a tool to stop these technologies from being used,”he said.“But with any new technologies,we need to be able to adopt it responsibly and we need to have protections.”

1.What have some students done since ChatGPT was released?

A.They have built language models from ChatGPT.

B.They have copied AI-written text from ChatGPT.

C.They have accessed their assignments through ChatGPT.

D.They have passed their writing exams through ChatGPT.

2.What can be inferred about the two indicators of GPTZero?

A.The more uniform the text,the more likely it is to be AI-generated.

B.The more complex the text,the more likely it is to be AI-generated.

C.GPTZero sometimes confuses human-written texts with AI-generated texts.

D.GPTZero is more familiar with human-written texts than with AI-generated texts.

3.What does the underlined word“foolproof ”mean in the fourth paragraph?

A.User-friendly.

B.Time-efficient.

C.Fairly logical.

D.Completely reliable.

4.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about Tian’s statement?

A.We need to stop people from using AI tools.

B.We need to ban students from using ChatGPT.

C.We need to guard against the abuse of AI tools.

D.We need to fight against the spread of AI tools.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主题语境是人与社会。主要内容是关于一名大学生开发了一款应用程序，该程序可以判断文章是否由AI 生成的。人与社会主题语境下的科学与技术是高考英语说明文阅读理解的高频主题。考生需解读出文中大学生对人工智能工具的观点和态度，体现了对考生英语学科核心素养的考查。本试题内容基调积极向上，有助于考生树立正确的新科技应用价值观。

1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Since the release of ChatGPT in 2022,there have been reports of students using the language model to pass off AI-written assignments as their own.”可知，自2022 年ChatGPT 发布以来，已经有报道称，学生们使用这种语言模型把人工智能写的作业当作自己的。copy A from B 意为“从B中复制或抄袭出A”，pass off 意为 “使人误认为；冒充”。B 选项中，copied AI-written text from ChatGPT（抄袭从ChatGPT 得来的人工智能编写的文本），与原文的pass off AI-written assignments as their own（把人工智能写的作业当作自己的）进行了同义替换，故选B 项。

2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However,if the text is more familiar to GPTZero— because it’s been trained on such data—...AI sentences tend to be more uniform.”可知，如果 GPTZero 更熟悉文本——因为它是在这些数据上训练过的——那么它的复杂性就会很低，因此更有可能是人工智能生成的。…… 例如，人类倾向于以更大的爆发力写作，与较短的句子一起使用一些较长或复杂的句子。AI 句子往往更统一。文本的复杂度越高，越有可能是人类写的，而不是AI生成的，故B 项错误。C 项是指GPTZero 有时会混淆人类写的文本和AI 生成的文本，C 项无中生有，故C 项错误。GPTZero 更熟悉AI 生成的文本，而不是人类写的文本，故D 项错误。A 项是指文本越统一，就越有可能是AI 生成的，符合第三段的说法，故选A 项。

3.D 词义猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“It successfully distinguished writing between human and AI.However,GPTZero isn’t ...as some users have reported when putting it to the test.”可知，GPTZero成功地区分了人类和人工智能的写作。根据画线单词下文”He said he’s still working to improve the model’s accuracy.”可知，他说，他仍在努力提高模型的准确性。因此可以判断foolproof 是指不会出毛病的；万无一失的意思，D 项是指完全可靠的意思，两者意思相近，故选D 项。

4.C 段落大意题。根据最后一段“Tian is not opposed to the use of AI tools like ChatGPT...we need to be able to adopt it responsibly and we need to have protections.’”可知，Tian 并不反对使用ChatGPT 等人工智能工具。他说，GPTZero不是为了成为阻止这些技术被使用的工具。“但对于任何新技术，我们都需要能够负责任地采用它，我们需要有保障措施。”C 项是指我们需要防范AI 工具的滥用，与文中Tian 表明我们在使用AI 工具的同时需要有负责任的态度和保障措施的观点一致，故选C 项。

【创新点描述】

（1）试题内容创新点：选材新颖，本试题改编自权威媒体美国国家公共广播电台NPR（https://www.npr.org/2023/01/09/1147549845/gptzero-ai-chatgpt-edward-tian-plagiarism）2023 年1 月9 日发布的科技专栏下的文章。且内容有关热门话题人工智能，引导学生关注最新的科技进展。内容也与学生的学业息息相关，让学生更加容易进入该话题的阅读。

（2）设问考查角度创新点：考查角度涉及新的人工智能工具面世后对社会所造成的影响，引导学生运用辩证的视角看待人工智能工具。从题目设置来看，有细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题和段落大意题，在试题难度上有一定的梯度，能有效锻炼学生的高阶思维。

（3）设问形式创新点：把人物的回答内容作为设题点，引导学生科学地理解和看待日新月异的人工智能工具，培养更健全的人格。

【作者单位姓名】珠海市希望之星实验学校 谭婉怡

原创试题（四）

Areas around the latitude（纬度）of 42 degrees north on earth are mostly known for their cool and pleasant climate.But there is one exception,which is famous for its incredible heat.This is the “Flaming Mountain”in China’s northwestern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Of course,it is not really“burning”.The mountain is barren and red,with a blackish tint（色调）.In summer,ground temperatures can be as high as 70-degrees Celsius.People are tricked by their senses into seeing“flames”.

The terrain is the main reason for the heat of the Flaming Mountain.It is located at the low point of the Turpan Basin which is also the lowest point of the Chinese mainland.The height difference between it and the surrounding mountains is more than 5 000 meters,so the hot air in the basin cannot easily disperse（驱散）.As a result,the Flaming Mountain becomes the hottest place on its latitude.

If one goes north from the county seat of Turpan,following what is known as the Road of Grapes for some 20 km,one reaches a canyon at the foot of the Flaming Mountain.There is no grass on the Flaming Mountain,but this canyon nearby is shaded by grapes.

The canyon（峡谷）is only 8 kilometers long from north to south,but its annual output of grapes can reach more than 10 million kg.Almost every family here grows grapes.After harvest,they are sent to shade houses for drying.

The shade houses are built on the slopes of barren mountains,high up and with no shelter,so as to make full use of the hot dry winds in the Turpan Basin.

There are many holes in the walls of the shade houses which not only help with ventilation（通风）,but also help avoid direct sunlight on grapes.It takes just 40 days for the fresh grapes to be dried by the hot air.

1.The underlined word“barren”in Paragraph 2 most probably means _______.

A.high and steep

B.bare and poor

C.grassy and flourishing

D.burning and flaming

2.Why is Flaming Mountain the hottest place on its latitude？

A.Because it is in flames.

B.Because there is no grass on it.

C.Because of its special latitude.

D.Because of its special terrain.

3.What do we know about the shade houses？

A.Almost every family has a shade house.

B.They can house more than 10 million kg grapes.

C.They are specially built to dry the fresh grapes.

D.The holes in their walls allow wind and sunlight in.

4.The passage is most likely taken from _______.

A.a science report

B.a tourist brochure

C.a public advertisement

D.a geographical documentary

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国西北地区火焰山及周边的地理特征和当地的葡萄种植。

【解析】

1.B 理解词汇。根据第二段内容可知火焰山呈现红中带黑的色调，并且温度很高，人们会有种看到火焰的感觉。再结合第四段There is no grass on the Flaming Mountain 可知，该山上没有植被覆盖，bare and poor 意为光秃的、贫瘠的。故选B。

2.D 理解具体信息。根据第三段 “The terrain is the main reason for the heat of the Flaming Mountain.It is located at the low point of the Turpan Basin which is also the lowest point of the Chinese mainland.The height difference between it and the surrounding mountains is more than 5 000 meters,so the hot air in the basin cannot easily disperse”可知，地形是该地高温的主要原因，地处中国大陆最低点吐鲁番盆地的底部，盆地底部和附近山上海拔落差大，使得盆地底部热气难以散开而导致高温。故选D。

3.C 理解具体信息。根据第六段“The shade houses are built on the slopes of barren mountains,high up and with no shelter,so as to make full use of the hot dry winds in the Turpan Basin”可知荫房建在山坡上，没有东西遮挡，使得它能够利用吐鲁番盆地的干热的风来晾干葡萄。故选C。

4.D 理解主旨大意。根据文章内容可知本文介绍了中国西北地区火焰山及周边的地理特征和当地的葡萄种植。因此本文不是science report（科学报告）、tourist brochure（旅游手册）、public advertisement（公益广告），而是geographical documentary（地理纪录片文稿）。故选D。

【创新点描述】

本文属于人与自然的范畴，介绍了中国火焰山地区的地理文化、风土人情，引导学生更多地了解自己的国家，透过地理看文化，让学生对中国的多元地理特征和多元文化有更深入的了解。

【作者单位姓名】江苏省天一中学 张洁名师工作室（张洁，赵翠翠，邹丽丽，卞梦娜，王书珊，阮雪璠）