陈一力
“一……就”,常用来连接两个紧密相连 的动作。一看到它,许多同学最先想到的便 是“as soon as”。事实上,除了这一表达方法 外,还有其他的表达方式。对此,笔者进行 了总结,以期对同学们有所帮助。
一、as soon as
aas soon as 是“一……就”使用频率最高 的英语表达方式。它引导时间状语从句时, 若主句用一般将来时,那么从句则用一般现 在时代替一般将来时;若主句是一般过去 时,从句可以用一般过去时,也可以用完成 时。例如:
As soon as I see her,Ill tell her the goodnews.
我一看到她就告诉她这个好消息。(主句一般将来时,从句一般现在时)
She got married as soon as she graduated.
她一毕业就结婚了。(主句用一般过去时,从句用一般过去时)
Jack tore up the letter as soon as he hadread it.
杰克一读完那封信就把它撕了。(主句用一般过去时,从句用过去完成时)
二、no sooner...than
在英语中,“no sooner...than”表示“一……就”时,前一部分用过去完成时,than后面的句子则用一般过去时,即“主语+had no sooner done...than+主语+did...”。若no soon- er 置于句首,句子应使用部分倒装。例如:
The rain had no sooner stopped than we went mushrooming.
雨刚一停,我们就去采蘑菇了。
I had no sooner lain down than Alice called me.
我刚一躺下,爱丽丝的电话就来了。
No sooner had he bought the car than he sold it.
他刚买了车,就又把它卖了。
三、hardly...when
“hardly...when ”表示“一……就”时,其句式结构为“主语+had hardly done...when+主语+did...”。若“hardly ”位于句首,应注意把句子进行倒装。例如:
The sun had hardly appeared when the children got up.
太阳刚露头儿,孩子们就起来了。
We had hardly arrived there when it be- gan to rain.
我们一到,天就下起雨来。
Hardly had the play begun when the lightwent out.
演出刚一开始,灯就熄灭了。
三、on/upon+名词或动名词
当介词短语“on或upon+名词或动名词”在句中作状语时,也可以作“一……就”解釋,它通常置于句首。例如:
On/Upon hearing the good news, theyjumped in excitement.
一听到这个好消息,他们就激动地跳了起来。
On/Upon returning to his home, he toldhis parents the whole story.
一回到家,他就把事件的经过告诉了他的父母。
On/Upon our arrival, she received uskindly.
我们一到达,她就热情地接待了我们。
四、the moment/ minute/ instant
在英语中,名词词组“the moment/ minute/ instant”引导时间状语从句时,实际上也蕴含着“一……就”的意思。它们的位置也较为灵活,既可以放在主句的前面,也可以放在主句的后面。例如:
The moment it clears up,my friends andI will go fishing.
天气一转晴,我和我的朋友们就去钓鱼。
I knew Miss Li was coming the minute I heard the voice.
我一听到这个声音就知道李老师来了。
The instant they entered the school gate, they were stopped by the doorkeeper.
他们刚一进学校大门,就被门卫给拦住了。
五、directly/instantly/immediately
在英语中,directly/instantly/immediately 也可以用来表示“一……就”,它们通常置于句首或句中。例如:
Directly after lunch we were packed and ready to go.
一吃完午饭我们就收拾好准备出发了。
Instantly she got to the office, she sat down and wrote the work plan.
她一到办公室就坐下写工作计划。
They went to a movie immediately they had finished work.
他们一干完活就去看电影了。
总之,“一……就”的英语表达方式可谓是丰富多样。在平时的英语学习中,同学们要注重进行一句多译的训练,加强词汇和句型的积累,这样在写作时就能信手拈来。