Rudolf Krska：粮食安全需要世界各国科学家的共同努力

党的二十大报告指出：全方位夯实粮食安全根基，全面落实粮食安全党政同责，牢牢守住十八亿亩耕地红线，逐步把永久基本农田全部建成高标准农田，深入实施种业振兴行动，强化农业科技和装备支撑，健全种粮农民收益保障机制和主产区利益补偿机制，确保中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手中。习近平总书记也时时关注着粮食安全问题，多次深入田间地头察墒情、看苗情、问收成，明确指出：“解决吃饭问题，根本出路在科技。”党的十八大以来，我国在种业种源、农机农艺、农业技术集成推广等领域全面部署，有力推动了“藏粮于地、藏粮于技”战略落实、落地。中外科学家们也为实现“藏粮于地、藏粮于技”战略提供可靠的科技支撑，发挥了重要的作用。

为中奥粮食领域科研合作作出重要贡献

2022年，我与驻奥地利使馆同事专程来到下奥州Tulln市，拜访维也纳自然资源与生命科学大学（BOKU）农业生物技术学院（IFA）生物分析与农业代谢组学研究所（IBAM）所长、国际真菌毒素学会前主席、中国农业科学院及国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院（以下简称“国家粮科院”）外国专家Rudolf Krska教授，参观、考察该研究所设施先进的实验室。我代表驻奥使馆感谢Krska教授多年来为中奥粮食安全领域科研合作所作出的重要贡献，肯定他多年来与国家粮科院、中国农科院等中国科研机构合作的成绩，转达中国农科院、国家粮科院、西北农林科技大学等机构科学家对他的问候，欢迎他安排时间访问中国、开展科研合作。随后，我们就进一步推进中奥农业生物及粮油食品安全科研合作进行了友好交流。Krska教授愉快地回忆起我三年前访问他实验室时亲切交流的情景，感谢驻奥使馆对他与中国开展科研合作的关心和支持，并介绍了他的研究进展和新出版的英文学术专著Toxin-Free Food，他说该书中文版将于2023年出版。Krska教授表示他及他的科研团队乐意继续推进与中国同行的科研合作，参与相关“一带一路”建设合作项目，欢迎更多的中国专家学者及学生来访他的实验室交流、深造、合作，他也期待着再访中国。

The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) points out: We must reinforce the foundations for food security on all fronts. We will ensure that both Party committees and governments assume responsibility for ensuring food security and that China’s total area of farmland does not fall below the redline of 120 million hectares. We will work to develop all permanent basic cropland into high-standard cropland gradually. We will invigorate the seed industry, support the development of agricultural science, technology, and equipment, and refine the mechanisms for ensuring grain growers’ incomes and compensating major grain-producing areas. With these efforts, we will ensure that China’s food supply remains firmly in its own hands. General Secretary Xi Jinping is also concerned about food security. He always went into the field to check the moisture, observe the seedlings and ask about the harvest, making clear that “Science and technology are key to food security.” Since the 18th CPC National Congress, China’s comprehensive deployment in the seed industry and provenance, agricultural machinery and agronomy, and integrated extension of agricultural technology have promoted the implementation of a “food crop production strategy based on farmland management and technological application.” Chinese and foreign scientists also play an essential role in providing reliable scientific and technological support for the realization of the strategy.

Make outstanding contributions to the scientific cooperation between China and Austria in the field of food security

Rudolf Krska（奥地利籍），维也纳自然资源与生命科学大学农业生物技术学院生物分析与农业代谢组学研究所所长、国际真菌毒素学会前主席。图为作者与Krska教授（右）在研究所门前合影。

In 2022, I and my colleagues of science and technology diplomats of the Embassy of PRC in Austria made a memorable trip to Tulln, Lower Austria, to visit Prof. Rudolf Krska, Director of the Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics(from now on referred to as IBAM) at the Department of ISEKI-Food Association (after this IFA) in the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (starting now BOKU)in Vienna, former President of International Society for Mycotoxitology. Former President of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (from now on CAAS) and Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration (after this AGS), visiting and inspecting the advanced laboratory of the Institute. On behalf of the Embassy of PRC in Austria,I thanked Prof. Krska for his outstanding contributions to the scientific cooperation between China and Austria in the field of food security over the years, affirmed his achievements in collaboration with Chinese scientific institutions such as the AGS and CAAS, conveyed the greetings from scientists from CAAS, AGS, and Northwest A&F University,and welcomed him to visit China and conduct scientific cooperation on further promoting Sino-Austrian scientific cooperation on agricultural biology and food security. Prof.Krska merrily recalled my visit to his laboratory three years ago, thanked the Embassy of PRC in Austria for its concern and support for his scientific cooperation with China, and introduced his research progress and his newly published academic monograph Toxin-Free Food (of which the Chinese version will be published in 2023). Prof. Krska expressed that his scientific team would like to continue the scientific cooperation with their Chinese counterparts and participate in relevant “Belt and Road Initiative” construction cooperation projects. Welcome more Chinese experts, scholars,and graduate students from China to visit his laboratory for exchange, further study, and cooperation. He also looks forward to seeing China again shortly.

BOKU是奥地利一所具有雄厚教学、科研实力的国际性大学，创建于1872年，亦被称为维也纳农业大学，该校多位教授与中国同行建立了较好的科研交流、合作关系，也有不少中国学生学者在该校留学、深造并取得重要成就。Rudolf Krska教授是该校IBAM的创始所长，也是世界真菌毒素领域著名科学家。2017年起，他担任奥地利饲料与食品质量安全创新能力中心（FFoQSI）的科研负责人，该中心有45家公司合作伙伴。2018年，他被聘任为英国贝尔法斯特女王大学全球食品安全研究所的生物毒理学教授。2016—2020年，他担任国际真菌毒素学会主席。Krska教授也是联合国粮农组织（FAO）和世界卫生组织（WHO）食品添加剂联合专家委员会（JECFA）成员以及欧洲食品安全管理局（EFSA）污染物科学小组成员。他还担任美国堪萨斯州立大学植物生理学客座教授，也曾经受聘参与加拿大相关食品安全实验室的建设工作。Krska教授于2015年4月被中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所聘任为客座教授，2015年起与中国国家粮科院合作开展“藏粮于技”科研活动，并取得了相关科研成果。针对田间种植环节真菌毒素污染问题，他的团队通过中国—欧盟合作项目，研究气候、地理位置等环境因素对真菌毒素污染的影响，并建立预测模型，帮助专业人员从作物源头控制真菌毒素

BOKU, an international university in Austria with solid capabilities in teaching and research, was founded in 1872 and is also known as the Vienna University of Agriculture,where many professors here have established good scientific exchanges and cooperation with their Chinese counterparts,and where many Chinese students and scholars have studied and made significant achievements. Prof. Rudolf Krska is the founding director of IBAM and a world-renowned scientist in mycotoxins. Since 2017, he has been head of scientific research at the Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation (from now on, FFoQSI),which has 45 company partners. In 2018, he was appointed Prof. of Biotoxicology at the Institute for Global Food Safety of Queen’s University Belfast, UK. In addition, he served as President of the International Society of Mycotoxins from 2016 to 2020. Prof. Krska is also a member of the Joint Expert Committee for Food Additives (JECFA) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) and a member of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). He is also a visiting professor of plant physiology at Kansas State University, USA, and has been employed to work on the construction of related food safety laboratories in Canada. Prof. Krska was appointed as a visiting professor by the Institute of Food Science and Technology CAAS in April 2015. Since this year, he has cooperated with AGS to conduct scientific activities of “food crop production based on technological application” and made relevant achievements. Given mycotoxin contamination in field planting, his team studied the influence of climate,geographic location, and other environmental factors on mycotoxin contamination through the China-EU cooperation project. It established prediction models to help professionals control the level of mycotoxin contamination from the source of crops. For Chinese grain reserve habits, the storage is prone to mycotoxin accumulation. Prof. Rudolf’s team cooperated deeply with AGS. Through in-depth research on granary sensors and conditions, they proposed solutions to improve the efficiency of mycotoxin risk prevention and control. His team also developed a multi-toxin detection method for mycotoxins, which improved the efficiency and level of mycotoxin detection.

与中国粮食科学家建立诚挚友谊

作为十多次前往中国访问并开展合作的老朋友，Krska教授与中国的粮食科学家们建立了诚挚的友谊，他积极支持中国的“藏粮于地、藏粮于技”战略，他的家人也喜欢中国和中国文化。他介绍，他的小女儿Nadja曾经专门赴中国学习中文并能够熟练使用汉语交流（已通过HSK Level 4考试），还曾经赴巴黎参加“汉语桥”比赛。熟悉他的中国朋友们都亲切地称呼这位热情、睿智的奥地利科学家“Rudi”。

2018年9月，由中国农业科学院、中国植物保护学会和湖北省农业科学院联合主办的“第二届Mycokey国际真菌毒素大会”在武汉召开，时任国际真菌毒素学会主席Rudolf Krska教授与加拿大植物病理学会主席狄兰萨·费尔南多（Dilantha Fernando）教授、日本真菌毒素学会主席作田庄平、泰国真菌毒素学会主席安纳特·帕拉斯普、意大利国家研究委员会食品科学研究所所长安东尼奥·洛格列科（Antonio Logrieco）及中国科学家陈剑平院士、康振生院士等中外专家出席会议，Krska教授作大会特邀报告。此次会议的召开，展示了各国科学家在真菌毒素防控领域所作出的努力和最新研究成果，为国内外共同治理真菌毒素污染搭建了平台，促进了我国真菌毒素防控工作的健康发展，为国家粮食安全保驾护航。与会的中外专家指出，食品和饲料产业链中的真菌毒素污染在世界范围内已引起广泛关注，中国科学家与世界各国科学家通过多种途径开展了长期富有成效的合作，欧盟和中国组成的大型的多学科联盟，研究范围涵盖了从农田到餐桌的不同阶段，国际合作极大地提升了食品安全领域研究的整体水平。农产品中真菌毒素污染的防控一直以来是世界性难题，黄曲霉毒素污染的防控尤为突出，需要世界各国科学家的共同努力、协同创新和科技合作。

Establish a sincere friendship with Chinese food scientists

As an old friend who has visited and cooperated with China more than ten times, Prof. Krska has established a sincere friendship with Chinese food scientists. He actively supports the “food crop production strategy based on farmland management and technological application.” His families also love China and Chinese culture. According to Prof. Krska, his youngest daughter Nadja went to China to study Chinese and became increasingly proficient in Chinese communication(having passed HSK 4). She also went to Paris to participate in the “Chinese Bridge” competition. His Chinese friends who are familiar with him call this enthusiastic and wise Austrian scientist “Rudi.”

In September 2018, the 2nd Mycokey International Conference,co-hosted by CAAS, China Society of Plant Protection (after this CSPP), and Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, was held in Wuhan. President of International Society for Mycotoxitology Prof. Rudolf Krska, President of Canadian Phytopathological Society Prof. Dilantha Fernando, President of Japanese Society for Mycotoxitology Shohei Sakuda, President of Thai Society for Mycotoxitology Amnart Poapolathep, Director of Italian Institute of Science of Food Production (ISPACNR) Antonio Logrieco, Chinese and foreign experts such as Chinese scientists and academicians Chen Jianping and Kang Zhensheng, Department of International Cooperation of CAAS Gong Xifeng, President of CSPP, etc. Attended the meeting.Prof. Krska delivered an invited lecture. The conference was held to showcase the efforts and latest research achievements of scientists from all over the world in the field of mycotoxin prevention and control, to build a platform for domestic and foreign joint management of mycotoxin contamination, to promote the healthy development of mycotoxin prevention and control in China, and to safeguard national food security.Chinese and foreign experts at the conference pointed out that mycotoxin contamination in the food and feed industry chain has aroused widespread concern worldwide and that Chinese scientists have carried out long-term fruitful cooperation with scientists from around the world through various channels.The large-scale multidisciplinary alliance formed by European Union (after this EU) and China, with research covering different stages from farm to table, will significantly enhance the overall research level in food security through international cooperation. The prevention and control of mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products have always been a worldwide challenge, especially the prevention and control of aflatoxin contamination, which requires joint efforts of collaborative innovation and scientific cooperation of scientists from all over the world.

2019年4月，我担任科技部国际合作司班子成员，应邀出席在京举行的“欧盟‘地平线2020’计划MyToolBox项目2019年年会暨中欧真菌毒素防控技术研讨会”，结识了出席研讨会并作主题报告的奥地利科学家Rudolf Krska教授。2019年10月，我抵奥不久即应Krska教授邀请，首次来到维也纳自然资源与生命科学大学Tulln校区参观访问，与Krska教授开展工作交流，就推进中奥农业生物及粮油食品安全科研合作达成相关共识。疫情期间，我们仍保持着良好的互动。

守护粮食食品安全，全球携手在行动

2021年1月，Krska教授被国家粮科院聘为院刊《粮油食品科技》第四届编委会顾问；2021年2月，Krska教授应国家粮科院《粮油食品科技》杂志诚邀，领衔主持一期真菌毒素国际前沿研究的特约专栏“守护粮食食品安全，全球携手在行动”，牵头撰写专栏文章《全球食品和饲料链中生物毒素早期预警、监测和毒性评估的挑战和解决方案》，体现了近年来中奥、中外科学家们在该重要领域的科研及合作成果，并从科学角度提出了努力方向及解决方案，与中奥及相关国家科学家精心撰写的《“十三五”期间中国真菌毒素检测之发展思考》等其他8篇专业科技文章构成了本期特约专栏的丰富内容。该活动也得到了中国驻奥使馆的热情支持，我应邀为本专栏撰文《挥洒汗水，造福未来，积极推进粮油食品科研国际合作》，宣传“聚天下英才而用之”理念，受到国内外同行的广泛关注及好评。

In April 2019, I, then a member of the International Cooperation Department of the Ministry of Science and Technology of PRC, was invited to attend the “EU ‘Horizon 2020’-MytoolBox Stakeholder Workshop and Strategies for Effective Mycotoxin Management” and got acquainted with Prof. Rudolf Krska,an Austrian scientist who attended the workshop and gave a keynote speech. In October 2019, I, the new science and technology counselor of the Embassy of PRC in Austria, was invited by Prof. Krska to visit the Tulln Campus of BOKU for the first time. They exchanged and agreed on promoting Sino-Austrian cooperation in agricultural and food security research. During the epidemic, the two sides still maintained good interaction.

Global efforts to improve the safety and security of grains and food

In January 2021, Prof. Krska was appointed as an advisor to the 4th Editorial Board ofScience and Technology of Cereals, Oils, and Foods, a journal of AGS. In February 2021, Prof. Krska was invited again by the journal to lead a particular column, “Mycotoxins,” on the international frontier research, “Recent Global Efforts to Improve the Safety and Security of Grains and Food,”and took the lead in writing the column “Global Challenges and Solutions in the early Warning, Monitoring and Toxicity Assessment of Biotoxins in the Food and Feed Chain”, reflecting the scientific research and cooperation achievements of experts from China, Austria, and other countries in this critical field in recent years and proposing the direction of efforts and solutions from a scientific point of view. Together with eight other specialized scientific articles written by scientists from China, Austria, and other countries, including “Thinking of Development of Mycotoxin Surveillance in China during the 13th Five-year Plan”, this article forms the rich content of this unique column. The activity was also warmly supported by the Embassy of PRC in Austria, where I was invited to write an article for this column, “Sweat for the Future, Actively Promoting International Cooperation in Cereals, Oils, and Foods Research,” promoting the concept of “attracting the brightest minds from all over.” This column has been widely concerned and praised by colleagues at home and abroad.

In late November 2021, with the active initiative and participation of Chinese and Austrian scientists such as Prof. Krska, the“2021 China-Austria Technology Symposium on Food Security”was successfully held. AGS, National Engineering Laboratory for Food Reserves and Transportation, BOKU, and FFoQSI cohosted the symposium. Vice President of AGS Tan Bengang,Prof. Rudolf Krska, Technical Counsellor of the Embassy of PRC in Austria Max Pfeiler and I attended the symposium and delivered speeches. Vice President Tan Bengang said that the seminar is of great significance to ensure the food security of the two countries under the new situation. As a strategic scientific and technological support force for national food security, AGS should consciously fulfill its mission of high-level scientific and technical self-reliance and self-improvement and further strengthen the scientific and technological exchanges and international cooperation between China and Austria in the field of food security. I expressed gratitude to Chinese and Austrian scientists for their efforts and looked forward to the meeting playing a more active role in promoting scientific cooperation between China and Austria. Counsellor Pfeiler said that the symposium would open a new world for the collaboration between Chinese and Austrian scientific research institutions and enterprises and promote the two countries to make more achievements in food security. Prof. Krska and 13 other Chinese and foreign experts gave presentations on“Science and Technology for Loss Reduction and Safety,”which promoted scientific research exchanges and cooperation between China and Austria during the epidemic. In May 2022, Prof. Krska, as the first author, and several other scientists published the feature article “Effective approaches for early identification and proactive mitigation of aflatoxins in peanuts:An EU-China perspective” in the prestigious academic journalComprehensive Reviews in Food Science & Food Safety, focusing on scientific research progress of mycotoxins in China and Europe.Furthermore, on October 17, 2022, the 2nd World Food Forum opened in Rome, intending to strengthen the application of science and technology in driving the transformation of agrifood systems to address the growing global food crisis.

2021年11月下旬，在Krska教授等中奥科学家的积极倡议和参与下，“2021中奥粮食质量安全科技研讨会”召开。会议由中国国家粮科院、粮食储运国家工程实验室、奥地利维也纳自然资源与生命科学大学、奥地利饲料与食品质量安全创新能力中心（FFoQSI）共同主办。国家粮科院副院长谭本刚、Rudolf Krska教授、我和奥驻华使馆技术参赞Max Pfeiler等参会并致辞。谭本刚副院长表示，研讨会的举办对新形势下保障两国粮食安全具有重要意义，作为国家粮食安全战略科技支撑力量，国家粮科院要自觉履行高水平科技自立自强的使命担当，进一步加强中奥两国在粮食安全领域的科技交流与国际合作；我表示，感谢中奥科学家的努力，期待会议为推动粮油食品科研及中奥科研合作发挥更积极的作用；Pfeiler参赞表示，会议将为中奥科研机构、企业的合作打开新的大门，推动两国在粮食安全领域取得更多成果。Krska教授等13位中外专家，围绕“科技助力减损，规范保障安全”主题作专题报告，促进了疫情期间中奥该领域的科研交流合作。2022年5月，Krska教授以第一作者身份与多位科学家在著名学术期刊Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science& Food Safety发表专题文章《中欧视角下的花生黄曲霉毒素早期识别与主动降低的有效方法》，关注中欧真菌毒素领域的科研进展。2022年10月17日，第二届世界粮食论坛在罗马开幕，宗旨之一就是加强科技在推动农业粮食体系转型中的应用，以应对日趋严重的全球粮食危机。

Krska教授的实验室位于奥地利下奥州多瑙河畔美丽的小城Tulln市，时值深秋季节，学校刚刚迎来建校150周年庆典，缤纷的树叶铺满步道，蓝色多瑙河从实验室附近金色的田野间缓缓流过，师生们欢欣鼓舞，白天鹅们也在河上优雅地嬉戏。在这次应邀参观BOKU校园及实验室环境的过程中，我偶遇Tulln市市长Peter Eisenschenk先生，Krska教授热情介绍我们与市长认识并交谈，希望推进Tulln与中国人民开展更多的交流。我们也了解到，Tulln每年举办享誉欧洲的“Tulln国际园艺博览会”，数年前曾经有来自中国上海的少年艺术团来到博览会登台献艺，并受到欢迎和好评。

Prof. Krska’s laboratory is located in Tulln, a beautiful town on the Danube River in Lower Austria. In the late autumn, the university just celebrated its 150th anniversary. Colorful leaves cover the trails; the Blue Danube flows slowly through the golden fields near the laboratory; white swans glide gracefully on the river; both teachers and students feel delighted. During this visit to the BOKU campus and laboratory, we bumped into the mayor of Tulln, Mr. Peter Eisenschenk. Prof. Krska warmly introduced us to the mayor and talked with him, hoping to promote more exchanges between Tulln and the Chinese people. We also learned that Tulln hosts the “Tulln International Horticultural Exhibition” every year, which is well-known in Europe. A few years ago, a youth art troupe from Shanghai,China, came here to perform, which was welcomed and well received.