Abstracts of Main Essays

NeedsConflictandGoodLife

NING Quan-rong, LIU Ke

In terms of the criteria for determining a good life, hedonism, desire fulfillment theory, and objective list theory have all abandoned the concept of need to varying degrees, while Marxist value theory believes that abandoning the concept of need cannot fundamentally explain the origin of value and ignore the complex tension of conflicting factors in achieving a good life. In the perspective of Marxist value theory, the good life is the value evaluation of whether the subject’s advantageous needs are met. In the process of meeting needs, it will inevitably cause conflicts between the subject’s own and others’ needs: the satisfaction of certain needs of the subject is at the cost of individuals temporarily delaying or permanently sacrificing the satisfaction of other needs in himself, and it will also have varying degrees of impact on the satisfaction of others’ needs. In the context of interpersonal conflicts, the realization of the good life involves the question of what needs to be prioritized and who needs to be prioritized. For what needs to be prioritized, individuals need to improve their cognitive ability to meet the results of needs, reflect on whether the purpose of needs and the content of advantageous needs are reasonable, and pursue the rational unity of enjoying life and ability development. For those who need priority, the government should provide sufficient information to meet basic needs, clarify the value principles of reconciling conflicts of needs, focus on distributive justice, and play the role of democratic negotiation throughout the entire process, provide a political activity mechanism and platform for people to widely participate in the good life.

OntheSecretJokeinKant’sEthics——TheAnalysisandCritiqueonGreene’sInterpretation

DONG Bin-yu

Greene puts forward a new interpretation on Kant’s Ethics. He assumes the ground of Kant’s Ethics is not reason, but feelings. The feelings belong to the human’s natural faculty and can be the standard on the rightness of action. In terms of the character of the feelings, they are equal to the moral intuitions. Greene’s interpretation from the point of sentimentalism opposes the traditional understanding. Some scholars doubt it in view of moral psychology, and some researchers insist reason and its prudence are the base of Kant’s ethics. This paper doesn’t agree on Greene’s radical interpretation, but acknowledges a few of elements of intuitionism are indeed included in Kant’s ethics. These elements are helpful and necessary for Kant’s deontology, but Kant is essentially a rationalist. On the pace of the progress of modern intuitionism, we can find multiple dimensions in Kant’s ethics. This deep investigation can help us understand it more completely.

OnWalterBenjamin’sConceptof“Erlebnis”andHisCriticalInversionof“DiltheyanDivide”

ZHANG Jin, PU Rui

Since Wilhelm Dilthey conceptualized “Erlebnis” and distinguished it from the “Erfahrung” of the natural sciences,it has always been a term of positive values in his followers, and shown the essential characteristics of aesthetic experience, distinct from external “experience”. Walter Benjamin settled “Erlebins” from the philosophical level to the real life, regarded it as the changed experience mode of modern people, criticized its transience in time, isolation in space and “genialization” in “subject”, and reconstructed the “Erfahrung” that persists in time, is closely related to historical tradition and living environment, and belongs to the public and the collective. This kind of “Erfahrung” is not the mechanical, subjectized and transcendental “Erfahrung” of natural science in the sense of Immanuel Kant and his followers, but it is not divorced from “Erlebnis” as a new way of perception based on the changed “Erlebnis” of modern people. This perception includes not only the personal experience of the public, but also the flow generation of its meaning in time and space, which is an aesthetic perception. Benjamin’s concept of “Erlebnis” critically reflects contemporary aesthetic experience and his inversion of “Diltheyan Divide” provides important theoretical support for getting out of the predicament of contemporary aesthetics.

TheStruggleforPowerintheReorganizationoftheCivilCorpsBeforetheTotalResistanceAgainstJapaneseAggression——WithFocusonHubeiProvince

LIU Yan-bo, TANG Hao-hao

Before the total resistance against Japanese aggression, in the name of eliminating the revolutionary armed forces of The CPC, Chiang Kai-shek intended to expand his power in the provinces of the “bandit suppression” area through the reorganization of the civil corps. By adopting measures such as setting up security teams and reorganizing security funds, Chiang Kai-shek has achieved considerable results in expanding his own power, strengthening the provincial government’s management of the civil corps, and realizing that the security funds are collected and spent by the province. However, due to the influence of local forces and technical thinking and other factors, the expansion of power is restricted to a certain extent. In the final analysis, it is precisely because of the constraints of party power and political power that the reorganization of the civil corps becomes the inevitable choice when Chiang Kai-shek, who has military power, fights for the rule of the country.

AnAnalysisofSeveralIssuesintheEarlyDisseminationofMarxisminChina

TIAN Zi-yu

With the publication ofDatongXue(SocialEvolution) by the Christian Literature Society for China, the spread of Marxism in China entered an initial period, characterized by consistency and recurrence. With the development of world capitalism and the vigorous rise of the proletarian movement, the spread of Marxism in China entered an extensive stage. The widespread dissemination of Marxism in China prompted the first group of advanced intellectuals in China to form a proletarian political party in order to promote fundamental changes in Chinese society, among which Li Hanjun was one of the early representatives of this idea in China. After the founding of the early organization of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in Shanghai,NewYouthbecame the organ of the organization and published important documents such asMyOpinionsontheCurrentSituationandTalkingaboutPolitics, which was the political manifesto for the CPC to start thinking about and exploring the combination of Marxism and Chinese reality, thus initiating the historical journey towards Sinicization of Marxism. By mining new historical materials and re-examining the historical picture of the early dissemination of Marxism in a rigorous scientific attitude, we still have the opportunity to propose new ways of interpreting and understanding a number of important issues of the early dissemination of Marxism.

RevisitingHistory:TracingtheOriginsofChineseRevolutionaryThoughtthroughHistoricalTextualResources

GUO Ruo-ping

Using textual historical materials as evidence, the historical context of documentary legacy of personal experience is of great benefit to the study of the ideological origins of the Chinese Revolution. By excavating and searching for documentary remains, we can not only reintroduce to the world the ideological fountainheads that can be relied upon to restore the historical scenario of the early dissemination of Marxism in China, but also provide the original supporting building materials for the consideration of the real ideological frontiers of the political transformation of modern China. Starting from the original historical materials of socialist historical documents, we can better understand the historical situation of the overall development of the early dissemination of Marxism in China, and explore the sources of knowledge of China’s modern ideological field, and more clearly examine China’s modern ideological transformation since the late Qing Dynasty and the course of the CCP’s ideological and theoretical construction. The new textual historical materials and the rich ideological resources they contain can be used by the academic community to explore multi-level and multi-path research methods, such as the new cultural history, and to expand the research space and interpretive path of the history of revolutionary thought. The large-scale primary source book seriesTheSeriesofWorksontheEarlyDisseminationofMarxisminChinaincludes a large number of textual historical materials indispensable to the study of the origins and changes of Chinese revolutionary ideology, and provides a huge space for academics to explore.

BetweenSpeculationandPractice:thePhilosophicalViewofModernNeo-Confucianism——CenteredonFengYoulan,XiongShiliandMouZongsan

CHEN Peng, HAN Qiao-zhi

Understanding the philosophical view of modern neo-Confucianism is the methodological basis for understanding the “philosophical reconstruction” of modern Neo-Confucianism. The philosophy view of modern neo-Confucianism can be summarized into two typical directions: one is the philosophical direction of knowledge and speculation, represented by Feng Youlan, and the other is the philosophy direction of life and practice, represented by Xiong Shili and Mou Zongsan. Feng Youlan claims that philosophy is a theoretical system or knowledge system of speech under strict reason and logic, and the goal of philosophy is to achieve speculative theory. Xiong Shili holds that “ontology” is not the vision of knowledge, that philosophy is the learning of practice rather than the construction of knowledge, and the goal of philosophy is to pursue the ultimate reality of life. Thereafter, Mou Zongsan advocates that philosophy is the “wisdom-learning of practice”, altering the “theoretical system” to become the “teaching of moral cultivation”. From the perspective of modern theoretical or knowledge system , the tension between “speculation” and “teaching” cannot be completely resolved. Philosophy is speculatively practice-related, and it cannot be fully covered in the practice of life. The “teaching of moral cultivation” does not necessarily depend on the full development of speculation.

TheConstructionofZhengZhenduo’sConceptofPopularLiteratureandItsSignificanceinAcademicHistory

YU Lai-ming, GAO Hui-xia

HistoryofChinesePopularLiteratureby Zheng Zhenduo is a history of Popular Literature, which interprets its basic connotation from three aspects, such as writing content, language form and ideological tendency, and takes it as an important conceptual tool and ideological resource for reconstructing the historical narration of Chinese literature. The introduction and connotation shaping of the concept of popular literature are closely related to his personal experience and the context of the times, which points to his academic idea of updating the historical landscape of Chinese literature, and is a classic example of the combination of new academic discourse and Chinese literary practice. He has smashed the inherent framework and structure of the construction of literary history since the beginning of the 20th century, and salvaged popular literature from the flood of Chinese literary history and written a separate history for it, expanding the content and boundary of literary history narration. Zheng’s concept of Chinese literature history with popular literature as the core, and its writing practice are of great significance for re-understanding the historical features of Chinese literature and constructing diversified academic discourse of Chinese literature.