2023年高考热门主题语境11：环境保护

四川 蒋建平

一、素材积累

Ⅰ.核心单词

1.ecosystemn.生态系统

2.smogn.烟雾smoggyadj.烟雾弥漫的

3.poisonn.毒；毒药poisonousadj.有毒的

4.hazen.雾霾；薄雾

5.pollutev.污染pollutantn.污染物pollutionn.污染

6.buryv.埋葬burialn.埋葬；葬礼

7.landfilln.废物填埋地

8.preservev.保存；保护n.保护区preservationn.保存；保留；保护

9.renewableadj.可再生的renewv.更新；重申；重新开始

10.sortv.把……分类n.种类；排序

11.atmospheren.大气；大气层

12.economizev.节省；节约economyn.经济；节约economicadj.经济学的；经济的

13.desertificationn.沙漠化desertn.沙漠；荒漠v.抛弃；舍弃desertedadj.被遗弃的；无人居住的；被舍弃的

14.deforestationn.滥伐森林deforestv.砍掉（某地）的树林

15.overdevelopv.过度开发

16.emissionn.排放物；散发物

17.challengen.&v.挑战challengingadj.挑战性的；挑衅的

18.environment-friendly/environmentally friendlyadj.环保的

19.decreasevi.减少

20.declinevi.降低；下降

21.radiationn.辐射；放射线

Ⅱ.高频短语

1.greenhouse effect 温室效应

2.global warming 全球变暖

3.ecological balance 生态平衡

4.under threat 受到威胁

5.on the brink of extinction 濒临灭绝

6.be economical with 节约……

7.bring...under control 把……控制住

8.go green 生产/使用绿色产品

9.fight against 与……作斗争

10.bring about 导致；引起

11.bring...to extinction 使……灭绝

12.raise awareness of 提高……的意识

13.put sth at the risk of 使某物面临……的危险

14.call on/call for/appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事

15.prevent/stop/keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

16.lead/live a low-carbon lifestyle 采用低碳的生活方式

17.make full use of/make the best of/take full advantage of 充分利用

Ⅲ.靓句积累

1.only置于句首引导倒装句

Only by combining these solutions can traffic pressure be relieved.只有将这些解决方案结合起来，才能缓解交通压力。

2. There be no doubt that... 毫无疑问的是……

There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming.毫无疑问，地球在变暖，而全球变暖正是人类活动导致的。

3.强调句型

It is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.正是越来越多的化石燃料的燃烧导致了二氧化碳的增加。

4.as long as引导条件状语从句

As long as we can make a contribution to protecting the earth, we can create a beautiful environment.只要我们能为保护地球做出贡献，我们就能创造一个美丽的环境。

5.it作形式主语

It is urgent to raise people's awareness of environmental protection.当务之急是提高人们的环保意识。

二、续写金句

1. The dark, the rainy evening, the wind and the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face.漆黑的夜，风雨交加，电闪雷鸣，我全然被这种力量镇住了，这是我一年半以来第一次直面这样的夜晚。

2. At one point, we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds.在某一刻，我们骑行得如此之高，以至于我们发现自己在云中穿梭。

3.By three o'clock,the rain had stopped and the sky was a curdled gray burdened with lumps of clouds. A cool breeze blew through the park.三点了，雨停了，银灰色的天空阴云密布，一阵寒风吹过公园。

4. The clouds over the land now rose like mountains and the coast was only a long green line with the gray blue hills behind it. The water was a dark blue now, so dark that it was almost purple.陆地上空的云朵像山一样升起，海岸线只是一条长长的绿线，它背后是些青灰色的小山。海水此刻呈深蓝色，深得简直发紫。

5. The sun rose thinly from the sea and the old man could see the other boats,low on the water and well in towards the shore, spread out across the current. Then the sun was brighter and the glare came on the water and then, as it rose clear, the flat sea sent it back to his eyes so that it hurt sharply and he rowed without looking into it. 太阳慵懒地从海面上爬出来，老人看见低贴水面、离岸不远的渔船横穿洋流四散开去。紧接着太阳更加明亮了，水面上闪烁着刺眼的光芒。随后太阳从海平面上完全跳跃出来，平坦的海面上反射的光射进他的眼睛里，刺痛了他的双眼，他只顾划船，不朝太阳看。

三、主题测评

Ⅰ.完形填空

体裁：记叙文 篇幅：257词

建议用时：7分钟 来源：改编

新颖度：★★★★

素养视角：野生动物保护

I'd planned to spend my weekend in the sun, enjoying flowers outdoors. But that was 1 the pair of disgusting crows (乌鸦) arrived. Out of nowhere, they had set up their base 2 in our backyard.

We first 3 our feathered enemies on Friday morning. It was early, and the sound the birds made 4 through our neighborhood. I figured they would 5 soon. But, no. They were getting louder and probably 6 my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise. I admitted I got a little 7 .

Then, on Sunday afternoon, I saw our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground. I went to 8 and found a small coal-black bird in the grass. Its eyes were milky, and it stayed perfectly 9 as my dog walked towards it.

Only when Quatchi 10 its head with his nose did it walk away. I 11 the dog inside and came back with my camera.

It never occurred to me that the young would be hanging out on the ground,growing and gaining 12 as its parents guarded it from above. The second I saw this little creature I 13 the crows.

To be honest, I've never been much of a bird person. And I wish they'd chosen another backyard. But I'm also 14 that I got to see this little bit of nature unfold up close.It's pretty amazing.

The experience has also 15 my desire to create a beautiful backyard garden that attracts lots of bees, butterflies,and yes,birds.They are welcome here.

1.A.after B.when

C.until D.before

2.A.organization B.camp

C.business D.trap

3.A.accepted B.beat

C.discovered D.invited

4.A.traveled B.flew

C.ran D.flowed

5.A.sing B.fight

C.fall down D.quiet down

6.A.attracting B.annoying

C.frightening D.amusing

7.A.excited B.amazed

C.curious D.desperate

8.A.wander B.defend

C.explore D.assist

9.A.cold B.enthusiastic

C.still D.friendly

10.A.touched B.threw

C.pointed D.connected

11.A.awarded B.locked

C.praised D.fed

12.A.strength B.pity

C.advantage D.freedom

13.A.hated B.respected

C.admired D.forgave

14.A.sad B.grateful

C.painful D.scared

15.A.discouraged B.ensured

C.strengthened D.proved

Ⅱ.语法填空

体裁：说明文 篇幅：202词

建议用时：7分钟 来源：改编

新颖度：★★★★

素养视角：海洋塑料污染

Plastic pollution at sea is reaching 1.________(worry) levels. According to a review of hundreds of 2.________(academy) studies, it will continue to grow even if significant action is taken now 3.________(stop) such waste from reaching the world's oceans. The review by Germany's Alfred Wegener Institute examined almost 2,600 research 4.________(paper) on the topic to provide an overview ahead of a United Nations meeting later this month.

As plastic breaks down into smaller pieces, it also enters the marine food chain,taken in by sea creatures from whales to turtles. What's worse, some regions already contain dangerous levels of plastic, and others risk becoming 5.________(increasing) polluted in the future. Getting that plastic out of the water again is nearly impossible, 6.________policymakers should focus on preventing any more of it entering the oceans in 7.________first place. Matthew MacLeod, a professor of environmental science at Stockholm University,8.________(involve) in a separate study not long ago, 9.________also concluded effective measures are required immediately because of the possible global impacts.

While consumers can help reduce plastic pollution by changing their behavior, governments have to step up and accept every 10.________(responsible) for solving the problem. It's a global problem and it needs global solutions.

Ⅲ.书面表达

体裁：说明文

命题形式：半开放性作文

建议用时：16分钟

来源：改编

新颖度：★★★★

素养视角：环境保护

目前，环境保护已成为人们极为关心的问题。假定你受邀向国际中学生环境保护论坛的征稿活动投稿，请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇应征短文。

1.目前的环境状况；

2.产生环境污染的原因及其影响；

3.保护环境的办法。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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