高考英语新题型试题选登

江西 曾文琪 湖北 彭巧玲 湖北 刘丽梅

【完形填空】

I have used this idea a few times.Sending someone flowers,without signing the card or 1 in any way who they are from,is funny and amazing.The most 2 part of this act is that the receivers will think about all the people who care about them when they try to 3 who might send the flowers.

I 4 clearly the first time I did this.The intention was just to make Roy smile,but I did not add my 5 on the blessing card.He had a warm heart though he was not good at talking.When I was new,he gave me lots of 6 about my work and did all that he can to help me through my 7 years.

I 8 to get his birthday from colleagues with some effort.I just wanted him to know he was thought about.The 9 of not signing the card was beyond expectation.

The whole office started to talk about Roy’s flowers as everyone tried to find out the 10 .He himself also joined the 11 of the searching team.He 12 his shyness and made contacts（联系）he had been putting off for a long time to see if they had sent the flowers.

Roy 13 found out it was me.The surprised smile on his face showed that he didn’t 14 I would send him flowers.But he still expressed his 15 for my flowers and card.And I said it’s me that should thank him for his help,which brought smiles to both of our faces.

1.A.pretending B.questioning

C.indicating D.knowing

2.A.debatable B.meaningful

C.reasonable D.confusing

3.A.bring up B.make sure

C.hear from D.figure out

4. A.planned B.recorded

C.remembered D.imagined

5.A.signature B.address

C.wishes D.status

6.A.inspections B.instructions

C.information D.introduction

7.A.unthinkable B.wonderful

C.tough D.initial

8.A.manged B.happened

C.hesitated D.longed

9.A.cause B.result

C.assessment D.advantage

10.A.seller B.helper

C.sender D.maker

11.A.games B.competition

C.discussion D.ranks

12.A.overcame B.realized

C.hid D.mentioned

13.A.partly B.finally

C.willingly D.absolutely

14.A.confirm B.notice

C.expect D.conclude

15.A.appreciation B.enthusiasm

C.excuse D.apology

【命题意图】

文章采用了倒叙手法。第一段概括了作者想要匿名送他人花的原因：收花的人在寻找是谁送的花的同时，会去思考有哪些人很关心他。第二、三段开始回忆作者第一次匿名送花和卡片给曾经帮助过他的同事Roy 的原因及经过。第四段讲述了Roy 收到花后为了找出送花的人所做出的行动。最后一段讲述了Roy 发现是作者送的花后的反应以及对作者的感谢。文章体现了“五育”（德智体美劳）中的德育——向帮助过你的人送花来表达感激之情，同时温暖他人。

【题目说明】

共15 道题，其中6 题考查了动词（包含动词短语1 题），6 题考查了名词，2 题考查了形容词，1 题考查了副词。

【考查知识与能力说明】

所设计的大部分题目学生都可以通过分析上下文语境和仔细对比选项词义来选出正确答案。此外，学生还需要具备把握文章大意的能力、概括段落大意的能力、分析语境的能力以及分析上下文逻辑关系的能力等。

在熟词生义方面，第11 题的join the ranks of 考查的是ranks 一词作为“行列”的意思，对学生来说具有一定的难度。

在文章内容的理解方面，如学生能够在阅读第一遍时准确获得文章大意，第一段的四个空则更加容易选出；第6 题考查学生的语境分析能力；第9 题考查学生段落（第四段）大意的概括能力；第11 题考查选项单词 ranks的“熟词生义”；第15 题考查学生对上下文逻辑关系的分析能力。

【难度预测】

文章故事内容简单，文章整体题目难度不大。

所设题目的选项词汇都是高频词，具有一定难度的词汇包括indicate（暗示），initial（最初的），ranks（行列），但这些词对中等或以上水平的学生来说难度不大。

15 道题目中，有区分度的题目是：

中等难度题：第1 题（学生对indicate 一词的掌握程度），第2 题（学生对后半句内容的概括能力的高低），第7 题（学生对initial 一词的掌握程度）；

较大难度题：第9 题（学生对第四段内容的概括能力的高低），第11 题（学生对ranks 一词表示“行列”的意思的掌握程度）。

【文章大意】

本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者匿名给他的同事Roy 送花，Roy 经过询问最终得知是作者送的花并向作者表达感谢的故事。

1.C 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据前文中的“without signing the card”可知，作者是匿名给别人送花和卡片，所以没有暗示送花和卡片的人是谁。故选C。

2.B 考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据后文中的“the receivers will think about all the people who care about them when they try to 3 who might send the flowers”可知，收到花的人会想关心他们的人中会有谁送花，而这正是做这件事最有意义的部分。故选B。

3.D 考查动词短语辨析。

【解题思路】根据语境可知，收到花的人会去弄明白是谁送的花。故选D。

4.C 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据第二段以及后文内容可知，作者是在回忆他第一次给别人匿名送花的情况，所以他很清楚地记得这件事。故选C。

5.A 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据第三段中的“The 9 of not signing the card was beyond expectation.”可知，作者没有在卡片上署名。故选A。

6.B 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据前文中的“When I was new”和“did all that he can to help me...”可知，作者刚来到公司的时候，Roy 帮助了作者，在工作上给了作者一些指导。故选B。

7.D 考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据前文中的“When I was new”可知，Roy 在作者刚开始工作的那几年帮助了作者。故选D。

8.A 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下一句“I just wanted him to know he was thought about.”以及后文可知，作者设法获悉了Roy 的生日并送了礼物给他。故选A。

9.B 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据第四段可知，作者匿名给Roy 送花，使得整个办公室都在讨论这件事，而Roy 则在积极地探寻下获知了是作者送的花，所以这件事的结果出乎作者的预料。故选B。

10.C 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据本段最后一句中的“to see if they had sent the flowers”可知，办公室里的同事是想找到送花的人。故选C。

11.D 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下一句“He 12 his shyness and made contacts（联系）he had been putting off for a long time to see if they had sent the flowers.”可知，Roy 自己也设法去找送花的人，所以他也加入了查找的队伍。“join the ranks of...”表示成为……的一员。故选D。

12.A 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据“make contacts（联系）he had been putting off for a long time to see if they had sent the flowers”可知，Roy 克服了害羞并和同事沟通以找出送花的人。故选A。

13.B 考查副词辨析。

【解题思路】结合上一段Roy 为找出送花的人所作出的努力以及本段后文可知，Roy 经过努力最后查出了送花的人是作者。故选B。

14.C 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据本句前面的“The surprised smile on his face”可知，Roy 并没有预料到送花的人是作者。故选C。

15.A 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下一句“And I said it’s me that should thank him for his help,which brought smiles to both of our faces.”可知，Roy 向作者表达了感激，作者才会说是他应该感谢Roy。故选A。

【词汇积累】

intentionn.目的

initialadj.最初的；开始的

beyond expectation 超出预料

join the ranks of 加入……的行列

【作者单位 姓名】江西省赣州市龙南中学 曾文琪

【完形填空】

13-year-old Jaequan Faulkner started his hot dog stand in 2016 to help overcome his depression（抑郁）. 1 ,he wanted to use the money to buy himself some new clothes.

So with his tabletop business 2 in front of his home in Minneapolis,Minnesota,the youngster started selling hot dogs,chips and sodas to the 3 .As his stand caught more and more attention,however,someone 4 to the city’s health department for Jaequan’s lack of 5 .But instead of shutting down,many city departments came together to 6 the teen get a permit and start a business.

Several Minneapolis health inspectors volunteered to 7 the youngster on food safety.They gave him a thermometer（温度计）that he could use to make sure the 8 was above 140 degrees;they got him a hand-washing station and a tent;and they even 9 Jaequan’s permit fee.Not only that,a local nonprofit has been 10 Jaequan entrepreneurial（经营）skills and helping him to establish his new business:Mr.Faulkner’s Old-Fashioned Hot Dogs.

The teen says that he will be 11 some money to mental health charities,and any 12 funds will be put into his college fund.But while the teen says that he has enjoyed making money and learning about business,he 13 enjoys using his hot dog stand to make people happy.

“It’s the 14 and the people,”he said.“I see someone go by with a frown on their face.I’m there with a 15 ,then I see a smile on their face.I just made a smile on somebody’s face by selling them a hot dog.”

1.A.Additionally B.Naturally

C.Hopefully D.Strangely

2.A.come out B.cut down

C.set up D.put off

3.A.tourists B.locals

C.citizens D.officials

4.A.reported B.appealed

C.referred D.complained

5.A.permit B.skills

C.nutrients D.quality

6.A.help B.beg

C.insist D.request

7.A.consult B.train

C.examine D.lecture

8.A.weather B.water

C.temperature D.food

9.A.denied B.changed

C.paid D.doubled

10.A.giving B.improving

C.telling D.teaching

11.A.devoting B.lending

C.distributing D.donating

12.A.available B.extra

C.exceptional D.beneficial

13.A.instantly B.hardly

C.mostly D.eventually

14.A.working B.selling

C.cooking D.waiting

15.A.friend B.smile

C.tear D.trick

【命题意图】

本篇完形填空力求从高考命题的角度考查学生的综合语言运用能力，主要体现在从语篇的角度综合考查学生语境理解、常识判断、逻辑推理等各方面的能力。从选材看，本文属于完形填空试题常见的体裁和题材，文章通过叙事的方式讲述抑郁症少年Jaequan Faulkner 自救的同时帮助他人，并获得社会广泛支持和帮助的事迹，弘扬自强自立的精神。

【题目说明】

共15 道题，其中7 题考查了动词（含动词短语），5 题考查了名词（含动名词），1 题考查了形容词，2 题考查了副词。

【考查知识与能力说明】

所设计的大部分题目学生都可以通过对选项词义和上下文语境的正确理解做出来。此外，学生还需要利用文章首句的信息、词语的复现、词语的搭配、语篇标记词、段落内部逻辑关系等分析逻辑关系，同时还要掌握熟词生义和克服思维惯性。

其中，在选项词义方面，第3 题的locals 和第5 题的permit，对学生来说理解起来有一定的难度。

在文章内容的理解方面，如学生能领悟文章首句所传达出来的信息内容，他们可以更好地解出第2 题；而词语的复现（有些是远距离的词语复现）在一定程度上可以帮助学生更快、更准确地解答第5 题；第7 题涉及了选项单词的“熟词生义”；第8 题需要学生克服思维定式并借助常识进行解题；第1 题考查了学生对上下文逻辑关系（additionally“此外”）的分析能力；第4 题和第6 题考查学生对语篇标记词“however”“But”的准确理解；第8 题、第9 题和第10 题考查学生对段落内部句间逻辑关系的准确把握。

【难度预测】

文章结构比较清晰，文章内容理解起来应该不难。

所设题目的选项词汇都是考纲范围内的高频词，稍微有点难度的词是选项中的appeal，train（作动词），double（作动词）和第12 题、第13 题涉及的形容词和副词，但这些词对中等或以上水平的学生来说难度不大。

15 道题目中，有区分度的题目是：

中等难度题（共4 题）：第3 题（学生可能不知道local 用作名词的用法）、第5 题（学生可能不会把permit的名词词义跟语境结合起来）、第8 题（学生可能缺乏常识、受惯性思维的影响）、第15题（学生可能对细节理解不到位，没有代入情境）；

较大难度题（共3 题）：第4 题（需要结合上句和语篇标记词来选择）、第13 题（忽视while 引导让步状语从句的作用或对mostly 的理解不到位）、第14 题（需结合全文进行选择）。

在这15 道题中，没有偏、难、怪的考点。所设选项全部是考纲范围的高频词。整体上难度适中，有区分度。

【文章大意】

本文讲述了13 岁的抑郁症少年Jaequan Faulkner 希望通过经营热狗摊点来应对抑郁症，并获得地方当局大力支持的温馨故事。Jaequan Faulkner 本人也在经营过程中发现了自己的所作所为对他人的积极意义。

1.A 考查副词辨析。

【解题思路】根据上一句“to help overcome his depression（抑郁）” 和空后“he wanted to use the money to buy himself some new clothes”可知空格前后两句阐述了Jaequan Faulkner 卖热狗的目的，前后是递进关系。故选A。

2.C 考查动词短语辨析。

【解题思路】根据前后文内容可知，Jaequan Faulkner经营了一家热狗摊。set up a business 意为“创业”。故选C。

3.B 考查名词词义辨析。

【解题思路】他的热狗摊点摆在家门口，因此顾客都是当地人。local 此处用作名词，意为“本地人”。故选B。

4.D 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据“As his stand caught more and more attention,however,someone 4 to the city’s health department for Jaequan’s lack of 5 .”可知，空格处内容与前半句形成转折，句意为“然而，随着他的生意越来越好，有人却投诉他……”。complain for sth.意为“因……投诉/抱怨”。故选D。

5.A 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】由后文“But instend of shutting down,many city departments came together to 6 the teen get a permit and start a business.”城市有关部门主动帮他获取许可证可知，有人投诉他没有许可证。故选A。

6.A 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据第三段内容可知，城市有关部门为他提供了各方面的帮助。故选A。

7.B 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据后文内容可知，卫生督察员主动为Jaequan Faulkner 提供食品安全方面的培训指导。故选B。

8.D 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据语境可知，他们为Jaequan Faulkner提供了一只温度计，这样他可以确保食物的温度符合人们的要求。故选D。

9.C 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据第二段中的“many city departments came together to 6 the teen get a permit and start a business”可知，城市有关部门帮助了Jaequan Faulkner，为他支付营业许可证的费用是帮助的方式之一。故选C。

10.D 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据第二段中“many city departments came together to 6 the teen get a permit and start a business”可知，当地一家非盈利组织还教授Jaequan Faulkner 一些经营技巧，这也是帮助他的方式之一。故选D。

11.D 考查动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据语境可知，Jaequan Faulkner 说他将把一部分盈利捐给关注精神健康的慈善组织。故选D。

12.B 考查形容词辨析。

【解题思路】此处交代了Jaequan Faulkner 对所挣的钱的利用计划：他将把一部分盈利捐给关注精神健康的慈善组织，剩下的钱将作为自己的大学基金存起来。故选B。

13.C 考查副词辨析。

【解题思路】根据前一句“But while the teen says that he has enjoyed making money and learning about business”可知，尽管Jaequan Faulkner 很喜欢挣钱和学习关于经营的知识，此处while 引导让步状语从句，和后一句形成转折。故选C。

14.C 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据下文“I see someone go by with a frown on their face.I’m there with a 15 ,then I see a smile on their face.I just made a smile on somebody’s face by selling them a hot dog.”可知，此处是Jaequan Faulkner 对他所做的事情的理解，即他用心烹饪美食，带给他人安慰。故选C。

15.B 考查名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据前文“he 13 enjoys using his hot dog stand to make people happy”可知，当Jaequan Faulkner看到路人时，就对他们微笑，并用美食和微笑来治愈他人，他很享受这个过程。故选B。

【词汇积累】

permitn.许可证v.允许，准许

standn.摊位，摊点；v.忍受，容忍

additionallyadv.另外，此外

localn.当地人，本地人；adj.地方的，当地的，本地的

【作者单位 姓名】湖北省黄石市第二中学 彭巧玲

【读后续写】

My sister and I were as different as the sun and the moon.That brought us much trouble.But at some point,I did feel the same blood flew through both of our hearts.

My parents ran a farm when we were young.We kept about 100 chickens in a big henhouse there.To keep the chickens healthy,we had to keep their house clean.But,as you can imagine,cleaning the dirty henhouse was really a challenge.My parents were always occupied with loads of farm work,even on weekends.So I offered to do it for them every weekend.Not that I thought it was fun,but my dad’s relief and delight when seeing a clean chicken house kept me going.I hated to see the tired and disappointed look on his face.

Every Saturday morning,I would get up and stop by my elder sister’s room,knocked at her door,and asked whether she would go with me to clean the henhouse.She refused every time.However,I kept asking,every time.

One Saturday,I didn’t clean the henhouse because I left our farm very early for a class outing.On my way back home,I was anxious,keeping thinking how disappointed my dad would be when he found the henhouse wasn’t cleaned.

It was early evening when I got back home.Luckily,Father hadn’t returned from the field.I rushed upstairs and knocked on my sister’s door.I explained the situation to her,begging her to help me,just for once.However,she still pushed me out of her room and slammed（砰地关上）the door.

Blood rushed to my face.Then,I turned around and dashed toward the henhouse.It was in a total mess.I took the chickens out and put them in a temporary enclosure（围栏）.Then I cleared out the feeders,drinkers,and nesting boxes.After that,I began shoveling（铲）.It was the hardest part.After about 30 minutes,I was not even halfway done.I stopped,and couldn’t help recollecting every“no”my sister said to me.I felt angry and hopeless.

Maybe I should give up.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I rushed back to the henhouse:my sister was there.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【写作指导】已知线索：我和我姐姐非常不同——小时候父母开了个农场，农场里有个鸡舍——为帮助父母，我每周会主动清理鸡舍，每次请求姐姐帮忙，姐姐总会拒绝我——在一个周末，我参加班级的出游活动，未能及时清理鸡舍——回家后，因时间紧迫我请求姐姐帮我一次，被拒绝——我愤怒地独自面对不可能完成的任务……

可续写线索：

Para.1：这时候我是什么感受呢？我会放弃吗？我会回去责怪姐姐吗？姐姐又会有什么反应？

Para.2：姐姐在鸡舍做什么？见此情景我有什么感受？我们一起完成了任务吗？有什么反应和感受？我领悟到什么？

【文章大意】小时候家里有个农场，农场里有个鸡舍。因为父母工作繁忙，我每周都会主动清理鸡舍减轻他们的负担。每次清理鸡舍时我都会请求姐姐帮忙，但是姐姐每次都会拒绝我。有一个周末，因为外出，我没能及时清理鸡舍。想到父亲会为此失望，我分外着急。回到家后，我请姐姐帮忙，想赶在父亲回来前完成任务，结果被姐姐再次拒绝。愤怒的我一个人独自面临不可完成的任务。

【参考范文】

Maybe I should give up.I struggled.Finally,I threw away the shovel onto the ground,stormed back into my sister’s room and told her how selfish she was by leaving me alone to face all this.She froze there,in total silence,which I saw as another refusal.I ran into my room and threw myself onto the bed,weeping bitterly for what seemed ages.Then after hearing something strange,I dashed out:my sister’s door was half open but she wasn’t in.

I rushed back to the henhouse:my sister was there.She swung her arms back and forth,shoveling the dirt quickly.What a surprise! Seeing me rooted there with shock,my sister smiled and said,“Join me.We can make it.”I obeyed immediately.With our joint efforts,the henhouse became clean and tidy soon.After we drove all the chicken back into the house,we couldn’t help hugging tightly.It was then that I realized how much my sister was worth to me.