Abstracts

Problems in International Cultural Legal System and Suggestions for Perfection：From the Inclusiveness and Mutual Learning Viewpoint of the Idea of Community with a Shared Future for Mankind（by KONG Qingjiang，GONG Weitao）

Abstract：Culture is the carrier of civilization and the medium for mutual understanding and communication between different civilizations and nations. Nevertheless，cultural conflict is becoming more and more intensified as human civilization has developed to the present stage. The strong culture，in the case Western civilization，demands the whole world accept the mission of Western culture，which leads to inevitable conflicts with other cultures，even a large number of sanguinary conflicts. This not only goes against the protection of cultural diversity，but damages individual’s cultural right and the cultural sovereignty of countries concerned，even posing a threat to the peace and security of the world. The International Law，as a law of modulating the conflicts of countries，should shoulder up the obligation to mitigate such cultural conflicts，whereas，relevant international cultural legal system is faced with relief problems. Causes for culturally based conflicts and their relief problems in the international order are analyzed to indicate that overcoming the relief problems should rely on cultural inclusiveness and mutual learning；and then suggestions are proposed for the perfection of the current international cultural legal system. Based on the idea of a community with a shared future for mankind and its view of inclusiveness and mutual learning，the paper explores to construct a culturally inclusive and mutual learning international legal system；drawing on the practical experience of China’s cultural exchange with the cultures of Belt and Road countries，the paper looks into a Chinese approach to a culturally inclusive and mutual learning international exchange pattern，appealing for the protection of cultural right and cultural sovereignty，preservation of cultural diversity，and safeguard of world peace and security.

Key words：cultural conflict；international cultural legal system；cultural diversity；inclusiveness and mutual learning；community with a shared future for mankind

The Structural Predicaments of China-US Cultural and People-to-people Exchanges and Solutions

（by LIU Zaorong，CHEN Yuan）

Abstract：Cultural and people-to-people exchange is one of the three pillars of China-US relationship. In the 21st century，China-US cultural and people-to-people exchange on the whole has presented a steady and progressive development tendency；the content and field of the exchange is richer and consistently enlarging，the subject of the exchange is diversified with a downward tendency；and for the first time，cultural and people-to-people exchange is raised to a strategic height featuring high-level strategic dialogue and institutionalization. But since 2017 when the US began to intensify strategic contention with China，the influence of the deterioration of Sino-US relationship has spilled over to the cultural and people-to-people exchange domain，specifically embodied by Donald Trump’s converse cultural and educational exchange policies on China. These policies，while bringing challenges to Sino-US humanities exchanges，reveal the long-term accumulated structural conflicts between the two countries in the domain of cultural and educational exchange. The Sino-US cultural and people-to-people exchange has been onedimensional，with a long standing non-equivalence in terms of exchange subject，communication channel，influence，and revenue between the two countries；and there is no normalized cultural and people-topeople exchange mechanism to serve as the important support for such exchange between the two sides.These problems are related to the deviate interest demands and identity cognitions of the two countries，their different values，disparity in their cultural hard and soft powers，and the imperfections in their exchange mechanism. To cope with the problems，China should make complete its strategic design to draw on the advantages and avoid the disadvantages；the function of second track diplomacy should be fully played to promote the shift of exchange subject from government-leading to non-government-leading；China should continue to improve its cultural soft and hard power；China should learn from past failures to gather experience for the establishment of a Sino-US cultural and people-to-people exchange mechanism in the future.

Key words：cultural and people-to-people exchange；China-US relationship；predicament and solution

Remodeling the Subjectivity of Human Being in AI Governance（by ZHENG Yingyu）

Abstract：With AI the key technology，the intelligence revolution has produced a profound influence on the social governance of human beings. On the one hand，AI application is beneficial to enhancing cooperative governance and promoting decision-making efficiency as well as governance efficacy，promising a good governance prospect；on the other hand，problems including the expansion of algorithm power，the loss of individual value，and the absence of human responsibility has resulted in the risk of human marginalization in the course of governance. Hence，to remodel the subjectivity of humankind in AI governance is an important issue that must be dealt with. In the future governance environment where humankind and machine co-exist and AI will probably be one of the governance subjects，human beings should have an inclusive and prudent attitude towards AI development，set the application boundary for AI application，and guide technological application to serve the improvement of human well-being. From human being’s perspective，an effective path should be explored to bring back human subjectivity to governance，which includes reinforcing global cooperation to cope with governance challenges；relative national system should be perfected to safeguard human governance；innovative social units should be developed to conduct innovative productive activities；and individual sense of responsibility should be remodeled to promote the governance capacity.

Key words：AI governance；subjectivity of human being；co-existence of human and machine；anthropocentricism

Data Privacy Protection Strategy of Intelligent City in the Background of Big Data

（by GAI Hongwei，NIU Zhaowen）

Abstract：In the background of big data，data privacy protection has become a problem and issue that should be urgently resolved in the course of smart city construction. The predicaments of smart city data privacy protection mainly include excessive data collection，encryption deficiency of big data processing，inundation of big data interaction，and accessibility of big data privacy infringement. The predicaments’generative logic is largely rooted in the negative effect of urban panoramic monitoring and the commercialization of data sources，the pressure of smart services receiving privacy and the black box of data processing，the challenge of heterogeneous attenuation of privacy protection and fuzzification of data privacy boundary，and the retardation of changes in the idea of privacy and hollowing out of data protection basis. To break a way out of the predicaments，it is necessary to promote the legalization of data privacy protection so as to perfect the rule of law dimension of smart city privacy protection；to enhance the technological innovation of data privacy protection so as to construct the technological dimension of smart city privacy protection；to build a diversified shared governance of data privacy protection system so as to deepen the system dimension of smart city privacy protection and resolve the dissimilatory dilemma of the“informed-agreed”framework；and strengthen the basis of smart city data privacy protection.

Key words：intelligent city；privacy；big data；predicament

Realization Path of Cyber Ideological Synergistic Governance from the Perspective of Ecology

（by NI Jianjun）

Abstract：Cyberspace has the characteristics of virtual ecological environment. Cyber ideology shares the ecological attributes of natural ecological system in the diversity，competitiveness，openness，balance，and evolution. Cyber security has become a key factor of ideological risk. Realistic predicaments of cyber ideological governance，including monism and plurality，the online and offline intertwine，the contention between domestic and international discourse power，and the alienation of recessive penetration and explicit education，are analyzed to put forward countermeasures of cyber ideological governance. From the perspective of plurality，seeking common points while reserving difference is needed to achieve plural shared-governance；from the perspective of contention，discourse contention is needed to achieve the rule of law in cyberspace；from the perspective of openness，immersion is needed to achieve netizen’s rule of virtue；from the perspective of balance，democratic participation is needed to achieve grass roots’selfgovernance；and from the perspective of evolution，consultation and cooperation is needed to achieve government’s good governance. In short，ideological risk is an important element to influence the political and cultural security of a nation，and cyber ideological governance can promote the modernization of China’s cyberspace governance system and its governance capacity.Key words：ideology；ecological system；synergistic governance

Target，Mechanism，and Evaluation：An Analytical Framework of Integrated Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation Focusing on Integration（by ZHANG Zaiyun）

Abstract：The point of medical treatment and rehabilitation integration is not the comparative status of one over the other but the combination. China’s construction of the old-age services system must reshape the social structure and system， solving the problems including the fragmentation of policy， the departmentalization of management，the segmentation of medical and rehabilitation resources，and the discontinuity of nursing functions. An integrated nursing system should be established as a whole to cover prevention and healthcare，treatment of disease，rehabilitation and nursing，and daily care. Arguments over the concept of medical treatment and rehabilitation integration are clarified，based on which an analytical framework for the study of medical treatment and rehabilitation integration is formed from the following three aspects：the background and target of integration，the levels and mechanism of integration，and the evaluation of integration. It is suggested that with integration the basic standpoint，an integrated nursing system can be constructed on the three dimensions of service，organization（community），and policy；during the process，the mature experience of developed countries in integrated nursing can be referred to in combination with China’s policy and practice of medical treatment and rehabilitation integration.

Key words： integrated nursing； medical treatment and rehabilitation integration； organizational integration；policy network

Overview and Outlook of Studies on Sharing Development in China：Analysis Based on CNKI Knowledge Graph（by CUI Wenjun，GE Wei，ZHU Zhibiao）

Abstract：Sharing development enjoys an exceptionally advantageous growth environment in countries of public ownership of the means of production. In the times of artificial intelligence especially，the high efficiency labor force represented by machines has an impact on employment and income inequality at a speed and on a scale greater than ever，in addition to create more surplus value. Hence，the idea of sharing development has gradually come into the view of domestic political and academic circles. Based on the 996 theses in the CNKI database of the past 20 years that theme China’s sharing development research，the general development situation in a variety of dimensions including source journal，subject background，highly cited thesis，research topic and rule are studied to reveal the research approach，characteristics，and hot issues. It is discovered that research on sharing development follows an evolutional rule from introductory research on the micro level to demonstrating the legality of national top-level design on the macro level. But deficiency still exists in terms of theoretical innovation and cooperation，the analysis of historical background and development，empirical study，policy construction and purpose exploration.Sharing development study in the future needs to promote diversified knowledge contribution and cooperation to respond actively to future development demands，carry out policy innovation with the idea of sharing development，and explore the value of human beings in sharing development.

Key words：sharing development；research overview；theme and pattern；deficiency and prospect；biliometric analysis

The Upgrading Path of Manufacturing Industry from the Perspective of Competitiveness of Producer Services：Based on Comparison between China and the ASEAN（by WEI Jingfu，GONG Fange）Abstract：An important issue in the transformation of economic development mode is to promote the upgrading of manufacturing industry by strengthening the development of producer services. For developing countries including China and some ASEAN nations whose manufacturing industry awaits upgrading，the RCEP agreement provides an impetus for them to seize the opportunity to enhance the competitive power of their producer services and boost the manufacturing sector to rise in the value chain. The manufacturing sector’s development situations of China and ASEAN nations between 2005 and 2019 are analyzed based on the Hausman two-step test to compare the export technique complexity in the manufacturing sector of China and ASEAN nations；meanwhile，their competitiveness indexes are tested to analyze the advantage and disadvantage of their producer services as well as the subsectors；based on the above，an empirical study is made on the specific paths for China and ASEAN nations to upgrade their manufacturing sector by promoting the competitiveness of their producer services. The result shows that improving the overall competitive power of producer services can prominently facilitate the upgrading of the manufacturing sector，but the improvement of the competitiveness in the subsectors of producer services of different countries has a different impact on their manufacturing sector’s upgrading.

Key words： China and the ASEAN；competitiveness of producer services； upgrading path of manufacturing industry

Gender Difference and Cross-cultural Comparison of Moral Decision-making from the CNI Perspective（by CHEN Jingjun，BAO Shangfei，SHENG Wanyu）

Abstract：The CNI model of moral decision-making proposed by Western scholars has overcome the restrictions of traditional moral decision-making theories. Traditional moral decision-making theories cannot be quantified，they are incapable of describing psychological processes，their decision-making situations lack feasibility，and they tend to set deontological theories against utilitarian theories. In order to explore the applicability of the model to Chinese communities，the gender difference of Chinese communities in moral decision-making，and the gender difference of moral decision-making in Western and Oriental cultural backgrounds，stories of dilemma in moral decision-making are employed to test the Chinese subjects. The 343 data collected from Chinese subjects are compared with the research data of Gawronski et al. The findings are as follows：1）The CNI model of moral decision-making is applicable to Chinese communities. 2）The sensibility of Chinese female colony to result and norm in ethical decisionmaking surpasses that of the male colony，both preferring actions. 3）While the sensibility of Western male colony to moral result surpasses that of their Chinese counterpart，their sensibility to moral norms falls behind that of their Chinese counterpart；the Chinese male colony displays a slightly higher tendency for actions. 4）Both the Chinese and Western female groups have a high sensibility to moral result and moral norm，but the Chinese group is more inclined to actions. The revelations of the research are as follows：firstly，the moral decision-making CNI model can be further used to do more in-depth research of Chinese communities. Secondly，attention shall be paid to the rising of Chinese female power and the potential risk of excessive utilitarianism in Westernization；the Chinese communities’admiration and pursuit of action shall be maintained. Thirdly，the moral decision-making tendency of a community with a different cultural background shall be properly treated；in future communications and interactions with Western communities in terms of morality，the rule shall be abided that Western males prefer result to norm and Western females uphold both.

Key words：moral decision-making；CNI model；gender difference；cultural background

Impact of Task Indifferent Stimuli on the Working Memory of Individuals of Different Ages

（by LI Xu，DING Linjie，SUN Xiaojun）

Abstract：To explore the influences of working memory load，the emotional valence of task indifferent stimulus，and age on working memory，two kinds of working memory load，1-back and 2-back，are given to the subjects. They are required to ignore the emotions on the faces，namely happiness，anger，and neutrality，and only remember，renew，and judge the numbers. The results show a triple interaction of age，working memory load，and emotional valence，and in the 2-back condition，the accuracy of the seniors is eminently lower than that of the young. With a low working memory load，an individual’s working memory performance is free from the influence of the emotional valence of task indifferent stimulus.With a high working memory load，the accuracy of young subjects is the lowest under negative indifferent stimuli，followed by neutral stimuli，and the highest under positive indifferent stimuli；the accuracies of old subjects under negative and neutral indifferent stimuli are remarkably lower than their accuracy under positive indifferent stimuli. The result supports that the interaction between working memory load and the emotional valence of task indifferent stimulus impacts the working memory achievement of individuals of different ages；with a high working memory load，the interference effect of negative indifferent stimuli is eminently higher than that of positive indifferent stimuli.

Key words：working memory；emotional valence；load of working memory；task indifferent stimulus

The Governance Patterns of Graduate Students’Academic Misconduct in the US and Enlightenment to China（by LIU Liang，ZHENG Qianyin）

Abstract：The governance of graduate students’academic misconduct is an important issue in the reform and development of higher education in the USA. Three main patterns have taken shape in its long development，that is，government restraint on the macro level，professional regulation and control on the middle level，and collegiate self-regulation on the micro level. The self-regulation pattern of colleges further comprises the following three sub-patterns：collegiate supervision，integration of guidance and instruction，and students’self-discipline. In spite of the relatively complete governance system，the US colleges and universities are still faced with multiple challenges including the high complexity of governance，the balance between punishment and education，and the collateral damage to postgraduates by their supervisors. Based on the experience and lessons of US governance，China shall establish a community for shared governance of postgraduates’academic misconduct featuring close cooperation between the government，professional associations，and universities. The focus of governance shall fall on prevention and education，and strive for cultivating a culture of academic integrity.

Key words：the US；graduate student；academic misconduct；governance pattern