科技成果类说明文读写指南

河南 巴灵芝

文体导读

科技成果类说明文是以介绍某一科技成果为主题的文章。此类文章常围绕某一科技产品的研发背景、研发过程、成果应用等方面进行介绍。在表达方式上，此类文章以说明、描写为主，以叙述、议论等表达方式为辅。

策略导航

1.彩绘基本要素。借助彩笔对文本中的基本要素进行标记。例如，用红色笔标注what，用黄色笔标注who，用蓝色笔标注why，用绿色笔标注how。通过标注绘出主干信息彩图，这有助于既快又准地把握说明对象的基本信息，使说明对象快速在脑海中“成像”。

2.利用“WPFAE”模式使文本框架直观化，为写作提供仿写提纲。“WPFAE”是科技成果类说明文的基本要素。其中W 指的是what、who、why；P 为process；F 为function；A为application；E为evaluation。

文章结构Introduction Body Evaluation基本要素What：引出说明对象Who：介绍发明者Why：简述研发背景Process：叙述研发过程Function：介绍产品功能Application：说明产品的应用评价成果的实用价值、应用前景等

素材导背

science fair 科技展

innovation 创新

hard-working 工作努力的

independently 独立自主地

teamwork 团队合作

cooperative 配合的；合作的

ambitious 志向远大的

commitment 投入

creativity 创造力

knowledgeable 博学的；有丰富知识的

adventurous 爱冒险的；大胆开拓的

inspire 鼓励；赋予灵感

pay off 付清；取得成功

spare no effort 不遗余力

a sense of achievement 成就感

persistent 执着的；坚持不懈的

live up to one's expectations 不辜负某人的期望

be keen on 热衷于；渴望

passionate 酷爱的；热爱的

take charge of 接管；负责

take the lead 处于领先地位

courageous 勇敢的

challenging 具有挑战性的

rewarding 有益的

realize one's dream 实现某人的梦想

fulfil one's potential 发挥某人的潜力

exchange ideas 交换思想；交流看法

supportive 支持的；提供帮助的

cheerful 高兴的；快乐的

impressive 令人敬佩的；令人难忘的

striking 引人注目的；显著的

be recognized as 被公认为

案例导练

An amazing invention

Sala de Medeiros, an engineer at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, and her colleagues found a way to turn an ordinary sheet of paper into a simple electronic keypad.Many teams around the world are working on paper-based electronics.But this new device is the first to power itself and also repel water and dust.

No single moment inspired her paper keypad, Sala de Medeiros said. Instead, she focused on devices other engineers have been working on. Then she asked herself,“What are the gaps? What can I overcome?”High cost was a problem with some flexible electronics. So she decided to work with low-cost materials. That would make it easier to eventually turn her idea into something most people could afford. She also recalls wanting something that felt like regular paper, but wouldn't easily get wet or dirty.“It also should fit in your pocket,”she said.

Teflon is a chemical coating that keeps food from sticking to pots and pans. Similar compounds can also make paper waterproof. So she started testing some of these so-called perfluorinated (全氟化的) chemicals. Strangely, the one that was supposed to do the best job didn't work at all. When she sprayed paper with it, water still soaked through. What went wrong?After some research,Sala de Medeiros found out that this chemical reacts with air. She had to buy more of the chemical and special equipment that would let her use it without any annoying air getting in the way. Now, the chemical works as planned. After getting sprayed, paper still feels like paper. But water beads up on its surface instead of soaking it through.

The next step was to add an electronic circuit. The team placed a stencil (模板) with the shape of a circuit onto the back of the paper. Then they sprayed several layers of materials on it.Two layers contained tiny nickel particles (镍微粒).These act like wires to carry electricity through the circuit. The final layer was another coating of the Teflonlike chemical.Finally,the team flipped the paper over and printed a keypad of numbers on the other side. They also added a tiny Bluetooth chip. This let their paper device talk to a computer. The circuit needs a source of electricity. That comes from the tap of a finger.“When you're typing,we can use the energy,”said Sala de Medeiros.

Ⅰ. 阅读自测

(一)信息提取

Structure What Who Why Information A（1） paper keypad（2）To fill the gap：（3）Step 1:（4）Process Step 2:（5）Step 3:（6）Step 4:（7）Function Evaluation（8）（9）

(二)能力提升

Ⅱ. 语言汲取

（一）科技成果介绍必备词汇

1.产品介绍

device 设备

keypad 辅助键盘

electronic 电子的

coating 涂层

flexible 灵活的

circuit 电路；线路

power 驱动

repel 驱逐

2.研发背景

low-cost 成本低的；价格便宜的

afford 买得起

focus on 关注；聚焦

eventually 最后；终于

turn...into...把……变成……

gap 空白；缺口；差距

material 材料

regular 常规的

3.研发过程

work on 从事

stick to 坚持；粘住

chemical 化学的；化学制品

spray 喷洒

soak 浸泡

react 与……产生反应

get in the way 挡住去路；妨碍

as planned 按照计划

layer 层

flip（使）快速翻转

tap 轻拍；轻敲

add...to...把……加入……

surface 表面

（二）精彩表达

1.Sala de Medeiros,an engineer at Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana,and her colleagues found a way to turn an ordinary sheet of paper into a simple electronic keypad. 印第安纳州西拉法叶城普渡大学的工程师Sala de Medeiros，和她的同事们找到一个把普通纸张变成简易电子键盘的方法。

本句中，an engineer at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana 是同位语，to turn an ordinary sheet of paper into a simple electronic keypad 是way 的定语。

2. That would make it easier to eventually turn her idea into something most people could afford.这使得最终把大部分人都能买得起的东西这一想法更容易实现了。

本句使用了“make+形式宾语(it)+宾语补足语(easier)+真正的宾语(to turn...could afford)”结构。

3. Strangely, the one that was supposed to do the best job didn't work at all. 奇怪的是，本来应该很好用的东西却没有一点用了。

本句中，Strangely 是修饰主句的状语，表达说话者的观点态度；that was supposed to do the best job是定语从句；at all与not连用可加强语气。

Ⅲ.句式仿写

1.张磊，我们科技队的队长，找到了一个可以使黑板擦智能化的新方法。

Zhang Lei, _______________,found a new way _____________________.

2.这个新方法将使得多数学生们觉得阅读难度较大的文章变得相对容易。

The new approach will ____________________articles most students find difficult.

3.奇怪的是，本来整整齐齐地摆放在桌上的书现在全都不见了。

________,the books ___________________disappeared ________.

Ⅳ.写作实践

近日，你校举办了“我爱发明”科技成果展，李华带领的团队发明的智能黑板擦荣获一等奖。请你写一篇相关报道向英语报社投稿，内容包括：

1.简要介绍他们的发明及其创作过程；

2.你对该发明的看法。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.至少需要使用两个本文中解析过的句式。

Traditional eraser becomes smart

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评价导思

A self-assessment checklist for my reading 1.阅读本文前，我认真了解了科技成果类说明文的文体知识。□Yes □No 2.在阅读过程中，我会借助彩色笔对该类说明文的基本要素做标注。□Yes □No 3.在阅读过程中，我会应用“WPFAE”模式快速梳理文章。□Yes □No 4.这篇文章中我最喜欢的部分是 。□3W □Process □Function □Application □Evaluation 5.读完这篇文章后，我对如何进行科技成果类说明文的阅读和写作有了较清楚的了解。□Yes □No 6.本次读写活动后，我会主动了解发明家的创造发现并向他们学习解决问题的实干精神和创新意识。□Yes □No 7.为了高效阅读更多类似的文本，我需要 。□加倍努力 □持之以恒 □坚持目标 □形成高效的读写策略