机器学习

甘肃 张亚萍

机器学习是人工智能的核心，它用数据或以往的经验来优化计算机程序的性能，而不需要通过人工干预对其进行明确编程。该技术旨在使计算机更智能、更高效。

主题语境：科技 篇幅：333词 建议用时：6分钟

Machine learning is a way of teaching computers to do tasks. In the past, computers relied on detailed, step-by-step instructions written by people to do anything. But with machine learning, computers pick up new skills on their own, using examples or experience. This makes machine learning a powerful form of artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a machine to think or learn like a person. AI systems power many kinds of machines—from smartphones to robots.

There are a few types of machine learning. The most common is supervised (监督)learning. In this method, a computer is fed lots of labelled training data. For instance, it may look at many photos of dogs. Each photo might be labelled with the dog's breed. By studying those photos, the computer learns what each breed looks like. Then, the computer can pick out dog breeds in new, unlabelled photos. The more data the computer studies,the better it gets at its task.

Another important kind of machine learning is reinforcement (强化) learning. Using this type of learning is sort of like training your dog to do a trick. The computer learns to achieve some goals by interacting with its environment.When the computer makes a choice that brings it closer to its goal, it gets a virtual reward. Through trial and error, the computer learns to make better choices. This type of machine learning has helped computers master difficult games. It has also been used to teach self-driving cars how to get around.

Machine learning has helped create technology all around us. It powers language translators and search engines. When your streaming services recommend new shows you might like, that's machine learning at work. Machine learning systems also organize posts in social media feeds.They even help diagnose diseases.In many ways,the problem-solving power of machine learning is reshaping the world.

Machine learning and other types of artificial intelligence are behind computer-made artwork.

Reading Cheak

1.What is machine learning about?

A.Computers replacing people's thinking.

B.People teaching computers to do tasks.

C.People learning with the help of computers.

D.Computers learning new skills on their own.

2.What does a computer do in supervised learning?

A.It is put into labelled training data.

B.It is fond of photos of dogs.

C.It is able to recognize a new breed.

D.It is asked to perform tasks like a dog.

3.Which of the following belongs to reinforcement learning?

A.Selling self-driving cars.

B.Designing computer games.

C.Getting abilities from mistakes.

D.Acquiring knowledge by playing tricks.

4.What is the author's attitude towards the future of machine learning?

A.Negative.

B.Positive.

C.Doubtful.

D.Worrying.

Language Study

Ⅰ. Difficult sentence in the text

When the computer makes a choice that brings it closer to its goal, it gets a virtual reward.当计算机做出使其更接近目标的选择时，它会获得虚拟奖励。

【点石成金】本句是一个主从复合句，句中，When 引导时间状语从句，that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词a choice。

Ⅱ. Text-centered chunks

rely on 依靠

pick up（不费力地）学会；获得

for instance 例如；比如

look like 看起来像；看上去像

pick out（经仔细研究）找出；辨别出

get around 传播；各处走动

at work 起作用