5G+ABCDNETS:A Feasible Digital Framework for New Infrastructure of Smart Campus

Lili Tong,Xiongfei Ren,Chen Zhang,Tiemai Huang

1 Faculty of Education Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China

2 Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China

3 China Mobile Chengdu Industry Research Institute,Chengdu 610000,China

Abstract: This paper constructs a feasible framework of new infrastructure of smart campus guided by the industry requirements for the construction of new infrastructure of smart campus and based on the technical cooperation of 5G+ABCDNETS.This paper puts forward the deployment parameter table of 5G hybrid private network in the basic network around 3 sub items and 9 construction environments.We designed the specific deployment links of intelligent laboratory,security supervision and scientific research collaboration supported by 14 key technologies such as heterogeneous computing in ABCDNETS,taking the sub item of “smart scientific research facilities” as an example.The research findings of this paper provide preliminary exploration for promoting the implementation of technology in the six construction directions of new infrastructure for education.

Keywords:smart campus;5G;ABCDNETS;new infrastructure for education

I.ABCDNETS-TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION TREND OF NEW INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION

5G, Artificial Intelligence, Industrial Internet and Internet of Things were defined as “New Infrastructure Construction” at the central economic work conference in December 2018[1].Subsequently,“strengthening the construction of a new generation of information infrastructure” was included in the 2019 government work report[2].

The new infrastructure construction is the national infrastructure construction for establishing a modern economic system.The goal is to realize the ecological, digital, intelligent, high-speed transformation of the country,the transformation of new and old kinetic energy and the symmetry of economic structure.It is innovative,integrated,comprehensive,systematic,basic and dynamic.The main contents include: Green environmental protection,disaster prevention and public health service efficiency system construction; 5G- Internet - Cloud Computing - blockchain - Internet of things infrastructure construction;Infrastructure construction of artificial intelligence big data center;Infrastructure construction of industrial network centered on big health industry,etc[3].

Compared with traditional infrastructure construction, new infrastructure construction focuses more on accelerating the general trend of high-end industrial development.The 14th Five Year Plan period is the key period of the fourth scientific and technological revolution represented by modern digital technologies such as artificial intelligence.Data,computing power and algorithms have become the core elements of the information society[4].As the aorta connecting users and forming services,the network is increasingly combined with data, computing power and algorithms.The integration and symbiosis of multiple elements has become a trend.

ABCDNETS is a development model of new information infrastructure, including eight technical elements.This technology combination was first mentioned by China Mobile in the“China mobile computing network white paper” released at the main forum of 2021 China Mobile Global Partner Conference.Its goal is to form a new vision for the development of information infrastructure with“network everywhere,computing power everywhere and intelligence everywhere”through factor integration[5].

A (Artificial Intelligence): artificial intelligence,which can predict and adjust the performance and demand of the network.It has unique advantages in massive data analysis and data feature mining, and improves the performance of 5G network.It can carry out intelligent transformation and upgrade in many fields such as finance,transportation,medical care,security and so on [6].B (Block chain): blockchain, a distributed ledger technology,realizes the functions of data verification, sharing, calculation and storage[7].With the characteristics of decentralization, non tampering and traceability, it provides guarantee for data security sharing and improves transaction processing speed and scalability [8].C (Cloud): Cloud computing technology provides a shared pool that can store a large amount of data such as application services, information, and resources, break the barriers of time and space, deliver files anytime and anywhere, and support government supervision through cloud technology to improve work efficiency [9].D (Data):big data technology, which transmits, analyzes and arranges massive data.5G promotes the high-speed transmission of big data and provides a high-quality information dissemination environment for big data network architecture [10].N (Network): information basic network, which is deeply integrated with computing power and forms a new computing power network.E (Edge): edge computing is closer to users than the cloud, and the delay of data transmission is greatly reduced [11].T (Terminal): intelligent terminal, which completes data acquisition and simple calculation.S(Security): security technology, virtual network methods such as independent private network or hybrid network and firewall technology to build endogenous security protection mechanism[12].

Multi factors integration: cloud, edge and network constitute the ubiquitous computing network architecture,big data and artificial intelligence create a unified and agile computing network resource supply system,blockchain and security technology contribute to the operation cornerstone of trusted protection.

II.NEW DEMAND FOR SMART CAMPUS CONSTRUCTION UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF NEW INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION OF EDUCATION

In July 2021, the Ministry of Education issued the guidance on promoting the construction of new educational infrastructure and building a high-quality education support system[13].The guidance proposes that by 2025, a new education infrastructure system with optimized structure, intensive, efficient, safe and reliable will be basically formed.The document clearly points out six key construction directions: new infrastructure of information network, new infrastructure of platform system, new infrastructure of digital resources,new infrastructure of smart campus,new infrastructure of innovative application and new infrastructure of trusted security.Taking the fourth construction direction“new infrastructure of smart campus”as the research goal, this paper discusses how to apply 5G+ABCDNETS technology combination scheme to solve the problem and realize the implementation of construction tasks.As one of the six key directions of the construction of new educational infrastructure, the new infrastructure of smart campus focuses on the improvement of smart teaching facilities,the construction of smart scientific research facilities and the deployment of smart public facilities.

Demand 1: video interaction + personalized teaching has become a new need for the normalization of intelligent teaching facilities

China’s investment and construction in educational informatization have been fully tested in the largescale online teaching practice during the epidemic.While contacting online education with high frequency, parents of teachers and students realized the significant advantages of online and offline integration and interaction.It can not only broaden the scale of teaching services, but also pay more attention to students’ personalized potential with the support of intelligent technology.Video interaction+personalized teaching will become a new need for the normalization of intelligent teaching facilities even after the epidemic subsides.

Demand 2: virtual integrated experimental environment+experimental data sharing has become a new need for intelligent scientific research facilities

The integrated experimental environment constructed by virtual reality will fundamentally improve the time-consuming and laborious experimental teaching efficiency in traditional teaching.Experimental data sharing will promote full collaboration between different laboratories in Colleges and universities and similar laboratories in different colleges and Universities under the premise of authorization.This exploration can reduce repeated research investment, truly form a science and technology strategic group ecology,seize the opportunity to break through the bottleneck of scientific research, and support the development of industry,University and research towards the forefront of the world.

Demand 3: Security linked safe campus + environmental monitoring healthy campus + building intelligent green campus has become a new need for smart public facilities

Campus is an important place for teenagers to live,the safety of public facilities is the bottom line, and the degree of wisdom is the direct perception point of teenagers’interest in science and technology.Dormitory attendance management, face recognition for going to and from school, perimeter trigger alarm capture,low-carbon hydropower energy-saving notice and other functions will comprehensively improve the degree of campus safety,health and energy consumption.

III.5G+ABCDNETS: DIGITAL FRAMEWORK OF NEW INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SMART CAMPUS

New educational infrastructure is the driving force of education reform in the information age and a strategic measure to build a high-quality education supporting system.This section proposes the technical framework of new infrastructure of smart campus as shown in Figure 1 focusing on the direction of smart campus, aiming at three sub-requirements,taking 5G+ABCDNETS as the key technology entry point, taking into account the smooth transition between traditional infrastructure and new infrastructure.The technical framework of new infrastructure for smart campus consists of three parts--

Figure 1.Technical framework of new infrastructure of smart campus.

(1) Core demand layer:The core demand layer of the new infrastructure of the smart campus is located in the middle part of the frame diagram.It includes “smart teaching facilities” (including universal classrooms, subject classrooms and teaching laboratories three forms), “smart research facilities”(including intelligent laboratories,safety supervision and research collaboration three requirements)and“smart public facilities”(including safe campus,healthy campus and green campus three functions).

(2) 5G network layer: The 5G network layer of the new infrastructure of the smart campus is located at the bottom of the frame diagram.The 5G network layer here refers in a broad sense,including the integration solution of wireless and fixed network,and the inheritance solution of 4G wireless network and 5G wireless network.Among them,the key technologies of 5G applications include slicing technology.

(3) ABCDNETS intelligent analysis layer: The ABCDNETS intelligent analysis layer of the new infrastructure of the smart campus is located at the top of the frame diagram.They are the core components of modern digital technology.The technical points listed in the frame diagram are relatively mature technology representatives that can serve the construction of smart campus.

IV.DEPLOYMENT IMPLEMENTATION RECOMMENDATIONS

In the technical framework,the core goal is to achieve the environmental construction and sound operation of intelligent teaching facilities,intelligent research facilities and intelligent public facilities.The key points of deployment are the deployment of 5G network and the selection of ABCDNETS technical map.This section takes the ‘smart scientific research facility’ in three sub-items as an example to elaborate the steps and key technologies of deployment and implementation.

5G network deployment.Under the overall requirements of 5G sail project [14], primary and secondary schools are also facing the network development situation of 4G network potential stimulation and 5G value chain coordination.The current deployment of campus 5G environment mainly has three forms: 1○5G virtual private network-A virtual private network based on 5G public network resources of operators,using end-to-end slicing and QoS technology to provide customers with a delay and bandwidth priority guarantee and data separation from ordinary users of public network, and provide customers with specific SLA guarantee; 2○5G hybrid private network-Based on 5G data shunting technology,through flexible customization of wireless base stations and control network elements, to build a basic connection network with enhanced bandwidth, low delay and no data out of the garden for customers; 3○5G independent private network-Using technologies such as 5G networking,slicing and MEC edge computing,private deployment of wireless equipment and core network integration equipment, to build a basic connection network with enhanced bandwidth, low latency and physical closure for customers, and to achieve complete separation of user data from public network data,and not affected by changes in the public network.

The “smart research facility” proposed in this paper is based on the background of the new infrastructure of education, emphasizing the principle of coconstruction and sharing.In the deployment of wireless infrastructure network,the form of 5G hybrid private network is preferred,and the integration design of intelligent network AI module is combined[15].Main parameters such as table 1.

Selection of ABCDNETS technical map.The ABCDNETS technology map contains four main sections:network infrastructure technology,orchestration and management technology, service operation technology and green security technology.The key technologies mainly used in the deployment of smart research facilities include: heterogeneous computing/Integrated storage and computing/serverless computing/network self-intelligence; liquid cooling/chip energy consumption/data center energy consumption;on-network computing/ubiquitous scheduling /arithmetic routing/integrated orchestration.

Heterogeneous computing:It is a hybrid system composed of CPU, GPU, FPGA, DPU and other different types of instruction sets and computing units with different architecture to meet the different requirements of general computing and proprietary computing.“CPU + GPU”, “CPU + FPGA”, “CPU +DPU” and so on are currently widely used heterogeneous computing methods.Heterogeneous computing has greater advantages in parallel computing efficiency and low latency computing performance,which can meet the performance requirements of computing,I / O and network-intensive applications.However,at present, because of the complex structure and high power consumption of multi-core processors,it is impossible to achieve ideal results by increasing the core number of CPU alone.Therefore, it is necessary to change the structure of the computer system and use heterogeneous computing to meet the needs of task computing[16].

Integrated storage and computing:It is a new architecture that integrates computing and storage into a chip to eliminate data access latency and power consumption.Integrated storage and computing technology is committed to breaking away from the“storage wall”bottleneck and improving the efficiency of data storage.From data processing nearby, to directly using memory for data processing.Through the investigation, it is found that there are 14 colleges and universities in China to construct scientific research data management platform by 2021(Le tang,2021).In the use process,there are problems such as low frequency of data update,slow download of data,easy to appear pause and flashback,and the integration of computing technology can effectively improve the speed of data transmission and improve the data management platform.

Serverless computing:It refers to a computing paradigm where users do not need to pay attention to the underlying resources when writing and running applications, and users do not need to host applications on infrastructure.

Network self-Intelligence:It refers to a technical capability that enables the network to have the characteristics of self-service, self-healing, and selfoptimization.For consumers and vertical industry customers, through generalized mathematical modeling of the high-complexity computing network environment,using intelligent core algorithms,it can provide fully automatic, zero-waiting, and zero-contact innovative network services.

Liquid cooling technology:At present, most data centers adopt the traditional air-cooled heat dissipation mode.Although energy-saving methods such as cold and heat isolation and precision air conditioning are used, they still face the problem of high energy consumption and PUE.Liquid cooling technology provides us with new solutions that can effectively improve the energy efficiency of equipment.

Chip energy consumption:at the chip level, with the process, materials and other technologies encountered bottlenecks, energy consumption technology gradually develops to the direction of sealing and frequency reduction.In the energy consumption of packaging technology, the original two-dimensional platform packaging is gradually transformed into 3D three-dimensional packaging.In the energy-saving technology of processor frequency reduction, multicore processors will control the working state of all or part of the processing core, and reduce the actual power consumption of the chip by frequency reduction,voltage reduction and clock closing.

Data center energy consumption:The new “digital, intelligent and low-carbon” data center has evolved in many aspects, such as building assembly,refrigeration low carbonization, and simplified power supply.Promote warehouse-type data centers, realize flexible deployment and flexible matching through modularization, standardization, and assembly, simplify power distribution architecture,and promote mechanical and electrical graded construction of computer rooms to achieve high energy efficiency of integrated data centers.

On-network computing:It is a technology that deploys arithmetic to parse packets in the network, migrates some computing tasks from the host side to the network side,and is accelerated by devices or components such as switches, routers, smart network cards,and DPUs.Through arithmetic sharing,data is calculated along the way, reducing communication delay,improving computing efficiency,and reducing overall energy consumption.

Ubiquitous scheduling:On the basis of fully absorbing the multi-level ubiquitous computing resources at the cloud edge of the whole society, considering the real-time state of the network,the mobile location of users, data flow and other factors, it realizes the unified management of computing resources,cross-layer deployment and agile deployment and dynamic adjustment of applications.

Arithmetic routing:Based on the state perception of network, computing, storage and other multidimensional resources and services,through the multifactor joint calculation of“Arithmetic+Network”,the business scheduling strategy is dynamically generated on demand,and the application request is scheduled to the node along the optimal path to improve resource efficiency and ensure user experience.

Integrated orchestration:It is aimed at the diversified and customized network integration service requirements, flexible combination, integrated orchestration, product service model design, and curing the required resources,services,strategies and configura-tion in the form of templates,to realize the generalization and standardization of process, model and other factors.

Table 1.5G mixed private network deployment parameter table.

The whole process of environmental deployment of smart scientific research facilities is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2.Schematic diagram of the environmental deployment of intelligent scientific research facilities.

When the deployment is completed and enters the operation and maintenance stage, establishing the gradual trust transfer between data, data governance under access control rules, and active immunity and flexible coordination and forming a normalized and stable whole-process trust, audit traceability, endogenous security protection mechanism are the technical guarantee for the sustainable development of the environment of smart scientific research facilities.

V.CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK

This paper focuses on the fourth of the six key construction directions of new education infrastructure“new infrastructure construction of smart campuses”,based on 5G wireless network technology + ABCDNETS new intelligent technology,and explores futureoriented infrastructure solutions for smart campuses with long-term leading advantages.Three main innovations are proposed:

The firstis the technical framework of the new infrastructure of smart campuses.The framework designs 5G and its core technologies integrated with fixed network, core technologies that can be used for campus intelligent management in ABCDNETS, and divides the construction of smart campus infrastructure into 3 sub-items and 9 specific construction environments.

The secondis the three-level parameters of the 5G hybrid private network in the smart campus.Accelerating the integration of 5G into thousands of industries is not a leap-forward development, but an inherited development.The basic network deployment of smart campus proposed in this paper adopts the form of 5G hybrid private network,taking into account the integration and inheritance of wireless and fixed network, 4G and 5G.And the three-level parameters of wireless-transmission-core network are specifically designed.

The thirdis to take the intelligent scientific research facility environment as an example to design and deploy steps.In the three sub-items of smart campus infrastructure construction,this paper uses“smart scientific research facility environment”as a specific deployment example to explain how 14 key technologies such as 5G hybrid private network and heterogeneous computing in ABCDNETS serve smart laboratories,safety supervision and scientific research coordination needs.Heterogeneous computing and memory computing integration technology can improve computing efficiency and reduce data access delay by changing the computer architecture to support real-time interaction, video interaction and the formation of virtual experiment environment.The self intelligence technology of computer network uses the intelligent core algorithm to monitor and predict the temperature of buildings in the campus, the concentration of gases in the environment and the power load of equipment in real time, and achieve a high degree of autonomy through the characteristics of self-service,self repair and self optimization of the network.In network computing / ubiquitous scheduling / computing power routing/integrated arrangement and other technologies realize the co construction and sharing of resources through the unified management and regulation of data and resources, which is the guarantee of building an intelligent scientific research environment.

Facing the continuous deepening of the 5G sailing plan and the implementation of new educational infrastructure, follow-up research will continue to deepen in two directions:

First,the other two directions in the new infrastructure of the smart campus.In the deployment link,this paper takes the“smart scientific research facility environment” in the three sub-items of smart campus infrastructure construction as an example, and will follow up on the deployment of the other two sub-items“smart teaching facilities”and“smart public facilities”to promote the application and implementation of the integration of educational needs and technology[17].

Second,the difficulties in the application of 5G +ABCDNETS technology.On the one hand,the existing network environment of smart campus is very different,and the application level of intelligent technology of teachers is uneven;on the other hand,the maturity of 5G core technology and ABCDNETS technology is also different.The follow-up study will focus on the application difficulties of 5G + ABCDNETS in campus new infrastructure,and promote the breakthrough of the integration of education needs and technology.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This work was supported by 3 grants:

1.2021 National High-end Think Tank Key Research Project “Social Experiment Research on Intelligent Technology Transforming Education”(No.Gb2021013)

2.2020 joint annual project of the Ministry of Education of China and China Mobile: “Research on Educational Experiments with AI”(No.MCM20200404)

3.2020 National Education Science Planning Project “Research on the connotation, standard and evaluation system of students’ Information Literacy”(No.ACA200008)