Study on Strengthening Animal Disease Prevention

Qing LI　Daoming LI　Shijin GUO

AbstractWith the in-depth development of China's market economy， animal husbandry has become an important industry that affects China's economic form. In order to effectively promote the healthy development of animal husbandry， attention should be paid to the prevention of animal diseases. This paper made a detailed analysis from the main problems encountered in the process of animal epidemic prevention work as an entry point， and put forward some effective measures for strengthening animal epidemic prevention work.

Key wordsAnimal disease; Preventive work; Strengthening; Preventive measures

With the continuous improvement of people's living needs， animal husbandry has ushered in unprecedented opportunities for development. There has been a major shift in both the operating model and the scale of production. However， the accompanying is that the incidence of animal diseases has not been completely eradicated， which has caused a serious impact on the development of animal husbandry.

Main Problems Encountered in the Process of Animal Disease Prevention Work

Extensive use of antimicrobial feed reduces the ability of animals to absorb drug properties

At this stage， most of the animal husbandry farms in China will feed animals with feed. Most of the feed used in the feeding process has certain antimicrobial properties. The long-term use of antimicrobial feed to feed animals will greatly reduce the ability of animals to absorb drugs in the process of disease prevention and control， resulting in the treatment effect and treatment speed being difficult to achieve the expected effects.

Application of poor quality feed

With the rapid development of society and the gradual improvement of people's living standards， in order to meet the living needs of the masses， China's animal husbandry industry is gradually expanding production rules and improving production quality. In the process， the production cost of livestock enterprises and livestock farms is increased. In order to effectively improve their own economic benefits， some breeding factories or scattered farmers will buy some inferior feed and mix them with high-quality feed， thereby reducing the animal's own immunity and laying down hidden dangers for the occurrence of animal diseases.

Use of inferior drugs

In the process of animal disease prevention， some animal husbandry farms will purchase and use low-cost and poor-quality epidemic prevention drugs in order to reduce input costs， which not only cannot play a real disease prevention role， but will also cause a certain degree of harm to animals. In severe cases， it will even bring an opposite effect to the treatment of animal diseases.

Relatively backward animal disease quarantine and detection methods

Although China's animal disease quarantine and inspection capabilities have been greatly improved at this stage， they have not yet achieved effective nationwide popularization. Some animal husbandry farms still use traditional inspection and quarantine methods and lack standardized and scientific inspection and quarantine methods. As a result， such animal husbandry farms cannot effectively detect animal diseases at the initial stage of occurrence of animal diseases， thereby increasing the difficulty of animal disease prevention and treatment.

Professional quality of breeders needs to be improved

Breeders and animal epidemic prevention personnel in some areas have low professional quality and limited educational level， and have not paid enough attention to the prevention of animal epidemics. Meanwhile， the improper use of feeding methods and feeding strategies results in low resistance in animals， which not only makes it difficult to ensure the healthy growth of animals， but also creates hidden dangers for the occurrence of animal diseases.

Effective Measures in Animal Disease Prevention Work

Improve the awareness of leadership work and promote the effective improvement of ideological awareness

The occurrence of animal epidemics not only brings serious economic and property losses to the animal husbandry industry， but also reduces the enthusiasm of breeding personnel， and indirectly affects the health and safety of consumers. Zoonotic epidemics that occur in severe cases， such as anthrax and leptospirosis， will also bring serious threats to social public health and safety， and even cause social panic. Therefore， relevant departments must pay enough attention to the prevention of animal diseases. Relevant government departments must enhance the leadership's management awareness of animal disease prevention， urge all institutions and departments to strengthen effective communication and cooperation， refine the attribution of responsibilities， and comprehensively improve the rational understanding of animal disease prevention and control. It can be started through the following two aspects： one is to divide the animal disease prevention work into key areas， so that relevant leaders can really effectively carry out work deployment; and the other is to formulate important animal disease prevention work objectives within a period of time， and carry out relevant work effectively according to the actual work objectives， thereby establishing an animal disease prevention responsibility system. In the process of work development， we will fully implement relevant national laws and regulations， rely on all forces， perform mass prevention and mass treatment， adhere to scientific and reasonable governance concepts， and prevent epidemics in accordance with the law， so as to effectively promote the scientific， legal and standardization of epidemic prevention and control.

Improve the comprehensive quality of animal husbandry staff

At this stage， the staff of farms in some rural areas generally have a low level of education and comprehensive quality， which has brought a serious negative impact on the prevention and control of animal diseases. Therefore， farms and relevant government departments should focus on improving the comprehensive professional quality of staff in the aquaculture industry， which can be carried out from two aspects. On the one hand， we can regularly organize relevant business training and teaching activities for animal disease prevention， and use professional and systematic training activities to comprehensively improve the professional quality of breeding staff and epidemic prevention staff， so as to effectively ensure that animal epidemic prevention work moves towards a professional and scientific development process. For example， as shown in Fig. 1， professional vaccine practice training is carried out for epidemic prevention personnel to improve the professional ability of epidemic prevention staff.

Meanwhile， in the process of actual training activities， attention should be paid to all-round training for epidemic prevention staff and animal husbandry personnel. While paying attention to the teaching of professional knowledge theories and skills， it is also necessary to pay attention to the training of professional ethics and quality. We should encourage relevant personnel to strictly abide by the operating standard requirements and operating steps in the actual work process under the premise of having professional animal disease prevention skills and professional quality， so as to fully ensure that the actual effect of animal disease prevention can be effectively improved. On the other hand， efforts have been stepped up to ensure the stability of the epidemic prevention workforce. At this stage， there is a shortage of professional epidemic prevention personnel in many regions， which has a certain impact on animal epidemic prevention. In order to effectively avoid a large loss of talents， we can attract more professionals to participate in animal epidemic prevention work by increasing work remuneration， and continuously add fresh blood to the expansion of the epidemic prevention team while stabilizing the existing work force.

Ensure that the sanitation of rearing environments meets relevant requirements and standards， and effectively reduce the probability of animal diseases

The environmental sanitation of animal husbandry farms is closely related to the occurrence of animal diseases. For example， in 2021， there were many cases of animal epidemics in the surrounding area of Xiji County， Wuhan City， causing serious economic losses to animal husbandry enterprises and most farmers， and after careful investigation by the staff of Xiji Animal Epidemic Prevention Station， it was found that the cause of the epidemic is directly related to the rearing environment of farms. Because the farm environment did not meet corresponding rearing requirements， and coupled with the high rearing density， when animals had epidemic diseases， large-scale infections were caused. From this case， it can be seen that the animal growth environment of breeding sites plays an important role in the prevention of animal diseases. Therefore， the improvement and promotion of environmental sanitation of farms should be carried out from four aspects. First， breeders should be guided to adopt advanced and scientific ways of raising animals and provide animals with clean water and high-quality feed. Second， all kinds of garbage and animal excrement generated should be thoroughly and timely cleaned up in the process of animal feeding， so as to build healthy living conditions and a clean environment for the growth of animals. Third， it is necessary to regularly conduct comprehensive and thorough disinfection of farms to effectively reduce the incidence of animal diseases. Fourth， traditional animal breeding methods can be improved and reformed. For example， we should vigorously promote scientific and large-scale rearing methods in rural areas， and prevent the backward rearing mode of mixed rearing of poultry and livestock and mixed living of humans and animals， so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of animal diseases and effectively prevent the occurrence of serious zoonotic diseases.

Continuously improve relevant laws and regulations on animal disease prevention

Usually， spring and autumn are the seasons when animal diseases occur frequently. Therefore， the prevention of animal diseases should maintain a normal working mode， and relevant epidemic prevention departments should build a sound prevention system to promote the long-term and stable development of epidemic prevention work. To improve various management systems in animal disease prevention work， the improvement of animal disease prevention work management systems can be started through three aspects.

First， a sound biological product management system should be built to ensure the establishment and perfection of the biological product cold chain system and lay a foundation for the management and storage of vaccines. Biopharmaceuticals play an important role in the treatment， prevention and diagnosis of animal diseases. During the daily transportation and storage of biological drugs， if improper management measures are taken， the biological drugs will lose their original medicinal properties. When animals are vaccinated with such drugs， effective antibodies cannot be formed in the body. If they encounter the impact of animal epidemics， it will bring huge economic losses to animal husbandry enterprises or farmers. Therefore， local animal epidemic prevention agencies should formulate a targeted biological drug management system， and assign special personnel to manage and supervise the storage， transportation， distribution registration and use of biological drugs， which can avoid waste of resources while fully ensuring the safety and effectiveness of biopharmaceuticals. Second， it is necessary to build a comprehensive animal epidemic prevention and control system for registration and control and adopt a registration model with detailed filing to fully ensure that animal epidemic prevention can be implemented in place. Third， the effective management of animal epidemic prevention funds should be strengthened. Special management should be carried out， and special funds should be used in strict accordance with the relevant rules and regulations for the use of funds， so as to fully ensure that the animal epidemic prevention work in various regions can be carried out smoothly.

Strengthen and improve the salaries of grass-roots epidemic prevention staff and mobilize their enthusiasm for work

The grassroots epidemic prevention staff have direct contact with the front-line animal epidemic prevention work. Not only their workload is huge， but also the work pressure is relatively high. With the rapid development of China's economy， people's living standards have been improved unprecedentedly. Due to the relatively low salary level of grass-roots epidemic prevention personnel， coupled with the impact of the external economic environment， negative work attitudes will arise. Therefore， government departments should gradually increase the salaries and benefits of grassroots animal epidemic prevention staff according to the current level of local economy， and set up corresponding incentive measures on this basis， so as to continuously stimulate the enthusiasm of grassroots animal epidemic prevention staff and ensure the healthy and stable development of grassroots animal epidemic prevention teams.

Conclusions

To sum up， animal epidemic prevention work is a systematic， time-consuming and arduous work. Because there are some influencing factors in the process of animal epidemic prevention， and because the production speed of animal vaccines is difficult to achieve the speed of virus mutation， relevant departments must pay more attention to the prevention of animal diseases and promote the sustainable and healthy development of China's animal husbandry.

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Editor： Yingzhi GUANGProofreader： Xinxiu ZHU