迷人的赫哲渔乡

韩加君

我這里所赞美的钓鱼台，是黑龙江省同江市街津口赫哲族渔乡一处著名的旅游景点，也是当地的标志和网红打卡地。每每有中外宾朋抵达渔乡，热情好客的赫哲人都会带着远方的来客登顶街津山，为他们介绍街津山的来龙去脉，只听得宾朋们心旷神怡，流连忘返……

在中国东北地区的黑龙江、松花江和乌苏里江的下游沿岸，生活着一个古老的渔猎民族——赫哲族。赫哲族是人口较少的少数民族之一，主要聚居在黑龙江省的敖其、街津口、四排、八岔4个民族乡，现有人口5000余人，同鄂伦春族、门巴族等一起被称为中国的“六小”民族。

然而，小有小的特点，小有小的优势。赫哲族作家孙玉民的著作《遥远的乌苏里》，让赫哲族蜚声国内外；以渔乡人文风情为背景创作，由著名歌唱家郭颂演唱的《乌苏里船歌》耳熟能详，反映了赫哲族人民的幸福生活。至于赫哲族的文化，那更是璀璨多彩。独具特色的鱼皮服饰精致美丽；民间舞蹈萨满舞神秘激昂；古老的伊玛堪说唱流传广泛，被列入《急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录》。

赫哲族人民在松花江、黑龙江和乌苏里江的滋润下，生活幸福美满，就像《乌苏里船歌》唱的那样——“赫哲人撒开千张网，船儿满江鱼满舱。”每年谷雨时节，黑龙江在经历了漫长的冰封之后开江“跑冰排”，冰排撞击声犹如捕鱼的信号，街津口的赫哲人便驾着渔船、顶着春寒，下江捕鱼，然后在夕阳中唱着渔歌满舱而归，这样的画面仿若一幅美丽的捕鱼图。

生活在街津口的赫哲人，最喜爱的还是每年的白露时节，他们称之为“赶渔期”。那时，从鞑靼海峡逆水向乌苏里江和黑龙江上游游来产卵的大马哈鱼，让赫哲族渔人喜不自禁，他们在江里撒开长长的渔网，捕捞着大自然的馈赠，收获着欢欣与幸福。

如今，街津口的赫哲人唱响了乡村振兴新“渔歌”。昔日沉寂边远的渔乡繁荣兴旺，成为一片发展和旅游的热土。当地人依托渔猎资源优势巧打旅游牌，开发鱼皮画，制作鱼皮衣、鱼骨和桦树皮画，发展民族旅游产业拉动经济发展，这些民族特色浓郁的文化旅游产品和品牌，吸引着国内外游客纷至沓来。游客沿着松花江、黑龙江，顺着乌苏里江，追寻着动听的《乌苏里船歌》，还有烤塔拉哈和刹生鱼的香气，以及伊玛堪的嘹亮悠远，不知不觉间，便深深地沉醉在绿水青山间和浓烈的乡情酒香中……

Charming Hezhe Fishing Township

Standing on Diaoyutai （a fishing terrace）， you could see the rolling waves of the Heilongjiang River underfoot， overlook the tranquil countryside of Russia to the north， hear the Hezhe （Hezhen） peoples pleasant fishing songs... The Diaoyutai praised here is not only a famous tourist attraction in Jiejinkou Hezhe Fishing Township， Tongjiang City， Heilongjiang Province， but also a local landmark and Internet-famous site.

There is an old fishing and hunting ethnic group—Hezhe ethnic group living along the banks of the lower reaches of the Heilongjiang River， the Songhua River and the Ussuri River in Northeast China. The Hezhe people mainly inhabit four ethnic townships of Heilongjiang： Aoqi， Jiejinkou， Sipai and Bacha. With a population of over 5，000， it is known as one of “Six Smallest Ethnic Groups” in China， together with Oroqen and Moinba.

The Hezhe culture is resplendent. Its distinctive fish skin clothes are exquisite and beautiful； the folk dance Shaman dance is mysterious and uplifting； old Yimakan storytelling has been widely circulated， and inscribed on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding.

For the Hezhe people living in Jiejinkou， their favorite solar term is the White Dew. They call it the“Fishing Period”. In that period， the Hezhe fishermen are delighted to see salmons swimming from the Strait of Tartary （Tartar Strait） to the upper reaches of the Heilongjiang River and the Ussuri River against the current. They cast long fishing nets in the river to catch the gifts of nature， as well as joy and happiness.

Now， the past quiet and remote fishing township has become prosperous， and developed into a favored land for development and tourism. Relying on the advantage of fishing and hunting resources， the natives have cleverly facilitated tourism， developed fish skin paintings， made fish skin clothes， fishbone and birch bark paintings， and utilized ethnic tourism to stimulate economic development.