丁洁琴
时间状语从句是状语从句的一种,是高考的必考点。时间状语从句常见的引导词有:when,while,till,until,as,as soon as. before. after,slnce等。这些引导词明显具有时间属性。常见的特殊引导词有:themlnute(一……就……),the moment(立刻,马上,一……就……),the second(马上,这一秒),the instant(一……就……,当……时),the day,every time,directly,immediately, no sooner_than(一……就……),hardly…when(一……就……),scarcely_when(一……就……)等。
一、when,while,as引导的时间状语从句
1.在when引导的状语从句中,谓语动词既可以是延续性动词,又可以是瞬时动词。并且when除了表示“当……时候”外,还可以表示“就在那个时候”,相当于at that moment。比如:
When l was about to leave, he hurriedly came.
我正要离开时,他匆匆地来了。
2.在while引导的状语从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性的,且着重强调主句的谓语动词和从句的谓语动词的动作是同时发生的。while还可以用来表示对比。比如:
While l was playing, my elder sister was doing herhomework.
我在玩的时候,我姐姐正在作业。(强调playing和doing homework这两个动作是同时发生的)
3.as引导时间状语从句时,表示“一边……一边……”,其后引导的动作是延续性动作,既可以表示主句动作和从句动作的同时发生,也可以强调两个动作一前一后。比如:
My mom and I always have a heart-to-heart talk aswe walk after dinner.
我妈妈和我总是在饭后散步时谈心。(talk和walk是同时进行的)
As my father is about to go out, it begins to rain.
当我父亲要出门时,天开始下雨了。(go out和raln是一前一后)
二、until,t…引导的时间状语从句
until和till引导状语从句的时候,通常可以互换,但是在强调句中一般使用until。比如:
He didn't sleep uruntit l/till his mom came back.
直到他妈妈回来他才睡觉。
I didn't realize how difficult it was for my fatherurtil I grew up.
直到我长大,我才意识到这对我父亲来说有多难。
It was not until his mom came back that he went tobed.
直到他妈妈回来,他才上床睡觉。f表示否定的词要放在前面,构成not until)
三、since引导的时间状语从句
slnce引导的状语从句,如果从句谓语是一般过去时,那么主语的谓语要用现在完成时。在“It is+时间+slnce从句”中,主句多用一般现在时。比如:
I have gone to London since he left.
自从他离开后,我就去了伦敦。
It is three years since we broke up.
我们分手已经三年了。
四、no sooner_than, hardly_when, scarcely_when引导的时间状语从句
表示“一……就……”的no sooner_than,hardly_wnen,scarcely_when放在句首引導时间状语从句时,句子要用倒装结构,例如:
No sooner had my brother arrived at school that hefound he left his book at home.
我弟弟一到学校就发现他把书忘在家里了。
Hardly had they seen their head teacher when theyrun away.
他们一见到班主任就跑掉了。
总之,时间状语从句是必考点之一,在学习或复习备考时,应熟练掌握,以减少错误,提高得分率。
(作者单位:湖北咸宁高级中学)