王维娜, 张 磊, 刘雄利, 张 敏, 彭礼军
(贵州大学 西南药食两用资源开发利用技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,贵州 贵阳 550025)
根据新药设计理论中的药物优势骨架拼接理念[1-3],把多个药物优势骨架拼接成一个潜在生物活性的杂合骨架分子,有可能解决原有骨架疗效不高的缺陷,在新药研究中是重要的研究方向。(1)六氢山酮素骨架在药物分子和天然产物中普遍存在。例如天然产物分子Diversonol, Desoxydiversonol和4-Dehydroxydiversinol共享一个六氢山酮素骨架单元,该类骨架化合物在解除病痛中起着重要作用[4-6];(2)螺环苯并呋喃酮类化合物[7-11],如Rosmadial和Ferrubietolide等,在生物制药领域有极其重要的应用价值。因此,将六氢山酮素骨架拼接到螺环苯并呋喃酮骨架上,合成了一系列具备潜在生物活性的螺环苯并呋喃酮-六氢山酮素-吡啶类化合物,可以为生物活性筛选提供化合物基础,对制药行业具有重要的适用价值。
文献调研发现,以吡啶查尔酮(2)作为Michael受体,与苯并呋喃酮-色酮合成子(1)[12-15]发生环加成反应的研究尚未见文献报道。本文以苯并呋喃酮-色酮合成子1和吡啶查尔酮2为原料,在DBU催化下,在二氯甲烷中发生Michael/Michael加成关环反应,非对映选择性合成了11个未见文献报道的螺环苯并呋喃酮-六氢山酮素-吡啶类化合物(3a~3k, Scheme 1),产率为46%~65%,dr值为6/1~11/1,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-MS(ESI-TOF)表征,并进一步通过单晶确定了化合物3g的相对构型。
Scheme 1
WRS-1B型数字熔点仪;Bruker-400 MHz型核磁共振仪(CDCl3为溶剂,TMS为内标); MicroTMQ-TOF型高分辨质谱仪。
所用试剂均为分析纯。
在反应管中依次加入苯并呋喃酮-色酮合成子1a58.4 mg(0.20 mmol),吡啶查尔酮2a62.7 mg(0.30 mmol),催化剂DBU6.1 mg(20 mol %,0.04 mmol)和二氯甲烷2.0 mL,搅拌反应12 h(TLC检测)。经硅胶柱层析[洗脱剂:V(石油醚)/V(乙酸乙酯)=7/1]纯化得化合物3a65.1 mg。
用类似的方法合成3b~3k。
3a: 淡黄色固体,m.p.187.2~188.7 ℃,产率65%, 10/1dr;1H NMRδ: 2.28~2.35(m, 1H), 2.56(d,J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 3.42~3.48(m, 1H), 3.76(d,J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 4.92~4.98(m, 1H), 5.83~5.85(m, 1H), 6.62~6.80(m, 7H), 6.93~6.96(m, 1H), 7.19~7.23(m, 2H), 7.31~7.35(m, 2H), 7.59~7.62(m, 2H), 7.81(d,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.93(s, 1H), 8.68(d,J=4.4 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 27.4, 41.9, 48.9, 50.7, 63.2, 79.7, 109.0, 115.6, 118.4, 119.6, 119.7, 121.8, 123.2, 124.8, 124.9, 125.2, 125.3, 126.0, 126.9, 127.1, 131.9, 133.7, 134.4, 146.5, 150.5, 150.9, 158.4, 175.2, 189.3; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C32H23NO5Na{[M+Na]+}524.1468, found 524.1468。
3b: 淡黄色固体,m.p.212.2~213.5 ℃,产率61%, 7/1dr;1H NMRδ: 1.93(s, 3H), 2.27~2.33(m, 1H), 2.52~2.57(m, 1H), 3.40~3.47(m, 1H), 3.74(d,J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 4.88~4.94(m, 1H), 5.80(s, 1H), 6.49(d,J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.57~6.63(m, 3H), 6.82~6.84(m, 1H), 6.93~6.97(m, 1H), 7.22~7.25(m, 2H), 7.30~7.37(m, 2H), 7.60~7.66(m, 2H), 7.80~7.82(m, 1H), 7.90~7.93(m, 1H), 8.68(d,J=4.4 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 19.8, 28.7, 43.2, 49.8, 52.1, 64.6, 81.1, 110.3, 116.9, 119.7, 120.9, 121.1, 123.1, 124.5, 126.2, 127.3, 127.5, 128.0, 128.4, 130.2, 135.0, 135.7, 136.1, 147.8, 151.8, 152.3, 159.8, 176.6, 190.7; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C33H25NO5Na{[M+Na]+}538.1625, found 538.1629。
3c: 淡黄色固体,m.p.110.2~111.9 ℃,产率52%, 7/1dr;1H NMRδ: 2.25(s, 3H), 2.32-2.38(m, 1H), 2.53-2.58(m, 1H), 3.46~3.53(m, 1H), 4.07(d,J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 4.96~5.01(m, 1H), 5.77(s, 1H), 6.18~6.22(m, 1H), 6.27(d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.60~6.63(m, 1H), 6.67(d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.78(d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.87~6.89(m, 1H), 6.94~6.97(m, 1H), 7.26~7.36(m, 4H), 7.53(d,J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 7.82(d,J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.99~8.01(m, 1H), 8.60(d,J=4.8 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 18.9, 28.7, 43.2, 44.1, 51.3, 64.8, 80.8, 110.5, 117.0, 120.7, 120.9, 123.2, 123.3, 124.8, 126.0, 126.2, 126.3, 127.3, 127.8, 128.6, 129.4, 131.5, 135.0, 135.6, 136.4, 147.7, 152.1, 152.3, 159.9, 176.7, 190.8; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C33H25NO5Na{[M+Na]+}538.1625, found 538.1631。
3d: 淡黄色固体,m.p.181.2~182.5 ℃,产率47%, 9/1dr;1H NMRδ: 2.30~2.37(m, 1H), 2.52~2.57(m, 1H), 3.42~3.52(m, 1H), 4.00~4.05(m, 1H), 4.97~5.00(m, 1H), 5.72(s, 1H), 6.13(d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.66(d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.88~6.98(m, 2H), 7.27~7.32(m, 3H), 7.45~7.47(m, 1H), 7.51~7.55(m, 2H), 7.64~7.66(m, 1H), 7.81~7.84(m, 1H), 7.98~8.01(m, 1H), 8.60(d,J=4.8 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 17.5, 19.0, 28.1, 42.6, 43.2, 50.7, 63.9, 80.2, 109.8, 116.3, 120.2, 123.5, 124.2, 125.3, 126.5, 127.2, 127.8, 129.3, 129.5, 134.3, 135.1, 135.7, 146.9, 151.1, 151.6, 159.1, 165.4, 176.0; HR-MS(ESI-TOF) m/z: Calcd. for C34H27NNaO5{[M+Na]+}552.1781, found 552.1784。
3e: 淡黄色固体,m.p.178.9~179.1 ℃,产率60%, 6/1dr;1H NMRδ: 2.27~2.33(m, 1H), 2.54~2.59(m, 1H), 3.40~3.47(m, 1H), 3.75(d,J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 4.87-4.93(m, 1H), 5.79~5.80(m, 1H), 6.38~6.42(m, 2H), 6.63(d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.68~6.72(m, 2H), 6.85~6.87(m, 1H), 6.94~7.02(m, 2H), 7.24~7.28(m, 2H), 7.31~7.40(m, 2H), 7.62~7.69(m, 2H), 7.81~7.83(m, 1H), 7.91~7.93(m, 1H), 8.68(d,J=4.4 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 28.7, 43.2, 49.4, 52.1, 64.6, 80.9, 110.5, 113.5(d,JCF= 21.4 Hz), 116.9, 119.7, 121.0, 121.1, 122.5, 123.2, 123.4, 124.4, 126.3(d,JCF= 24.3 Hz), 127.1, 128.6, 129.9, 135.0, 135.9, 147.9, 151.8, 159.7, 176.4, 190.5; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C32H22FNNaO5{[M+Na]+}542.1374, found 542.1371。
3f: 淡黄色固体,m.p.123.3~124.5 ℃,产率55%, 8/1dr;1H NMRδ: 2.13~2.15(m, 1H), 2.65~2.68(m, 1H), 3.93~3.95(m, 1H), 4.10~4.13(m, 1H), 4.83~4.85(m, 1H), 6.24(s, 1H), 6.42~6.45(m, 1H), 6.60~6.72(m, 4H), 6.92~7.07(m, 3H), 7.34~7.42(m, 4H), 7.61~7.67(m, 2H), 7.79(s, 1H), 8.70(s, 1H);13C NMRδ: 28.7, 40.8, 42.1, 50.3, 64.6, 81.1, 109.1, 113.6(d,JCF=23.1 Hz), 117.0, 119.6, 120.8(d,JCF=22.3 Hz), 122.6, 122.8, 123.2, 126.1, 126.2, 127.8, 128.0, 128.2, 134.9, 135.5, 148.0, 151.1, 152.1, 159.8, 176.5, 191.6, 200.9; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C32H22NO5FNa{[M+Na]+}542.1374, found 542.1377。
3g: 淡黄色固体,m.p.192.3~193.8 ℃,产率53%, 7/1dr;1H NMRδ: 2.38~2.45(m, 1H), 2.56~2.60(m, 1H), 3.44~3.52(m, 1H), 4.57(d,J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 5.04~5.09(m, 1H), 5.71~5.73(m, 1H), 6.60~6.64(m, 1H), 6.38~6.41(m, 1H), 6.66~6.71(m, 2H), 6.88~6.91(m, 1H), 6.95~6.98(m, 1H), 7.02~7.04(m, 1H), 7.27~7.37(m, 3H), 7.55~7.65(m, 3H), 7.82~7.84(m, 1H), 7.97~7.99(m, 1H), 8.59(d,J=4.3 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 28.7, 43.2, 44.3, 50.9, 64.6, 80.4, 110.6, 116.9, 119.8, 120.9, 123.2, 124.1, 124.7, 126.2, 127.2, 127.7, 127.8, 128.8, 128.9, 129.9, 130.9, 135.0, 135.7, 147.7, 152.0, 159.8, 175.4, 190.6; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C32H22NO5ClNa{[M+Na]+}558.1079, found 558.1084。
3h: 淡黄色固体,m.p.125.9~126.8 ℃,产率46%, 8/1dr;1H NMRδ: 2.13~2.20(m, 1H), 2.63~2.67(m, 1H), 3.89~3.97(m, 1H), 4.31(d,J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 4.84~4.90(m, 1H), 6.12~6.18(m, 1H), 6.60(d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.75~6.82(m, 3H), 6.91~6.95(m, 1H), 7.02~7.06(m, 1H), 7.09~7.13(m, 1H), 7.29~7.48(m, 4H), 7.61~7.65(m, 1H), 7.70(d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.79(d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.65(d,J=4.4 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 28.7, 42.0, 44.3, 50.4, 62.8, 80.7, 109.3, 116.9, 123.0, 125.9, 126.3, 128.0, 129.1, 134.9, 135.7, 148.0, 150.9, 152.0, 159.8, 176.5, 191.5, 200.2; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C32H21NO5Cl2Na{[M+Na]+}592.0689, found 592.0686。
3i: 淡黄色固体,m.p.126.9~127.4 ℃,产率66%, 10/1dr;1H NMRδ: 2.26~2.33(m, 1H), 2.53~2.58(m, 1H), 3.39~3.47(m, 1H), 3.75(d,J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 4.85~4.90(m, 1H), 5.81(s, 1H), 6.60~6.63(m, 3H), 6.84~6.88(m, 3H), 6.93~6.97(m, 1H), 7.24~7.28(m, 2H), 7.31~7.35(m, 1H), 7.38~7.41(m, 1H), 7.64~7.71(m, 2H), 7.80~7.82(m, 1H), 7.90~7.92(m, 1H), 8.69(d,J=4.4 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 28.7, 43.1, 49.5, 51.9, 64.6, 81.0, 110.6, 116.9, 119.7, 120.9, 121.0, 121.2, 123.3, 123.4, 124.4, 124.5, 126.2, 126.5, 126.9, 128.7, 129.8, 129.9, 132.5, 135.0, 135.9, 147.9, 151.8, 152.0, 159.7, 176.3, 190.4; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C32H22NO5BrNa{[M+Na]+}602.0574, found 602.0570。
3j: 淡黄色固体,m.p.198.1~199.7 ℃,产率62%, 10/1dr;1H NMRδ: 2.27~2.33(m, 1H), 2.54~2.58(m, 1H), 3.39~3.46(m, 1H), 3.76(d,J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 4.85~4.91(m, 1H), 5.83(s, 1H), 6.53(d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.69~6.71(m, 4H), 6.76~6.79(m, 1H), 6.81~6.83(m, 1H), 7.13~7.15(m, 1H), 7.19(s, 1H), 7.22~7.26(m, 2H), 7.34~7.37(m, 1H), 7.58~7.64(m, 3H), 7.93~7.95(m, 1H), 8.68~8.69(m, 1H);13C NMRδ: 20.4, 32.2, 44..3, 51.2, 53.1, 65.6, 82.1, 111.3, 117.7, 120.3, 122.1, 124.1, 125.6, 126.8, 127.3, 127.6, 128.4, 129.3, 129.5, 131.4, 134.3, 136.9, 137.1, 148.8, 152.8, 153.2, 158.9, 177.6, 191.9; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C33H25NO5Na{[M+Na]+}538.1625, found 538.1625。
3k: 淡黄色固体,m.p.203.5~205.0 ℃,产率51%, 11/1dr;1H NMRδ: 1.93(s, 3H), 2.22(s, 3H), 2.28~2.32(m, 1H), 2.52~2.57(m, 1H), 3.37~3.45(m, 1H), 3.73(d,J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 4.84~4.89(m, 1H), 5.78(s, 1H), 6.48~6.53(m, 1H), 6.59(d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.82~6.84(m, 1H), 7.12~7.15(m, 1H), 7.22~7.25(m, 1H), 7.34~7.38(m, 1H), 7.60~7.66(m, 3H), 7.92~7.94(m, 1H), 8.70(d,J=4.4 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ: 18.7, 19.1, 28.0, 42.5, 49.0, 51.4, 63.8, 80.4, 109.5, 115.9, 118.6, 120.4, 122.3, 123.8, 125.0, 125.5, 126.5, 126.8, 127.3, 127.6, 129.5, 129.6, 135.0, 135.3, 135.4, 147.0, 151.1, 151.5, 157.2, 175.9, 190.2; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C34H27NO5Na{[M+Na]+}552.1781, found 552.1787。
表1为反应条件的优化。由表1可知,该反应不能在无催化剂条件下进行。对有机碱小分子催化剂和溶剂进行筛选,发现以三级胺DBU作催化剂,二氯甲烷作溶剂,12 h内能反应完全,产率达到65%,非对映选择性为10/1 dr。在其它三级胺催化剂作用下(DABCO, Et3N和DMAP),产率降低。此外,筛选溶剂时发现反应在极性溶剂中非对映选择性降低。随后对反应底物进行扩展。结果表明,在DBU催化、二氯甲烷中反应12 h,产率为46%~65%,dr值为6/1~11/1。反应有少量的副产物产生,主要为未关环的反应中间体。
表1 反应条件的优化
在无水乙醇溶剂中培养了3g的单晶,并分析了3g(白色晶体,CCDC: 2112850)的结构。图1为化合物3g的单晶结构图。由图1可知,化合物3g属triclinic晶系,P-1空间群,晶胞参数a=7.7288(4) Å,b=10.5760(6) Å,c=16.3633(9) Å,α=92.045(4)°,β=98.118(4)°,γ=103.085(4)°。
图1 化合物3g的单晶结构
根据文献[16-20]和实验结果,推测反应机理如Scheme 2所示:在有机碱DBU的催化下,苯并呋喃酮-色酮合成子1与吡啶查尔酮2发生Michael/Michael加成关环反应, 得目标产物螺环苯并呋喃酮-六氢山酮素-吡啶类化合物3。
Scheme 2
基于新的方法学研究,非对映选择性合成了11个未见文献报道的螺环苯并呋喃酮-六氢山酮素-吡啶类化合物3a~3k。该类化合物含有连续5个立体中心,包含一个具有潜在生物活性的六氢山酮素骨架和苯并呋喃酮骨架,可以为生物活性筛选提供化合物基础。相关药理活性的研究正在进行中。