高考英语阅读理解“七选五”解题技巧之词语复现法

河南 张根生 裴锐晓

阅读理解“七选五”试题也可称为阅读填句，在《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》（以下简称《课程标准》）中被称为句子还原题，《课程标准》中对于该题型是这样描述的：“短文中的若干个句子（如五个句子）被摘出，打乱顺序后与另外两个句子置于短文之后。考生根据短文内容，从短文后的七个句子中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。此题型主要考查学生理解语篇上下文逻辑关系的能力。”该题型不仅要求考生能够理解语篇内容，还要求考生能够理解上下文逻辑关系，注重对语篇结构的考查。

解答阅读理解“七选五”，除了用“看位置，析逻辑”的方法外，还可以用词语复现法解答部分题目。在“七选五”的语篇中，“前言”和“后语”之间往往出现相同的单词、同义词、近义词、反义词、同根词、上下义词及表示指代关系的代词，这就为学生答题提供了依据，解题时就可以利用这些词语的复现来确定答案。

技巧1：原词复现法

一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的形式反复出现，有时兼有词形的变化。如：上文中出现的“says”与下文中的“said”可以看作原词复现。解题时可以通过前后句中相同的关键词选择句子。

【高考链接1】（2020年高考英语全国卷Ⅱ，“七选五”节选）

Emoji (表情符号) and Workplace Communication

In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.36.It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.

D.The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally

【解题分析】空格前一句提到“在亚洲，信息传递平台发展很快”，而D 项的内容是“这些信息传递平台日益风行”，D 项中的“platforms”与设空处前一句中的“platforms”是原词复现。故选D。

【高考链接2】（2020年高考英语全国卷Ⅲ，“七选五”节选）

38This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served.There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party.The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home.Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpacked boxes.This isn’t usual though.

C.You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.

【解题分析】学生可采用原词复现法解答本题。根据空格后的句子“This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served.”可知，设空处讲的是你可以带食品或饮料与其他客人分享，设空处后一句中的“food”与C 项中的“food”属于原词复现。故选C。

技巧2：同义词复现法

同义词复现法指的是利用意义相同或相近的词、词组或句子进行解题。

【高考链接】（2021年新高考Ⅰ卷，“七选五”节选）

Parisians are different from you and me.They never look lazy or untidy.As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight.38French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.

G.The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.

【解题分析】本题考查同义词的复现。G 项中的“delicious”与设空处前一句中的“great”形成广义上的同义词复现关系，而且空格后又具体例证了巴黎人吃的食物很美味。故选G。

技巧3：反义词复现法

反义词复现法即利用上下文中互为相反意义的单词、短语或者句子进行解题。

【高考链接1】(2021年高考英语全国甲卷，“七选五”节选)

· Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.37, and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.

A.Less people than that

【解题分析】学生可采用反义词复现法解答本题。本题要求选择一个半句，与下文中的“more than that...”形成对比，A项中的“Less”与下文中的more构成反义词复现，设空处所在句句意：人比这少，可能没有足够的东西可供选择；人比这多，则会变得无法控制。其中，选项A 中的“that”指代上文中的5-10 people。故选A。

【高考链接2】（2020年高考英语全国卷Ⅱ，“七选五”节选）

There is also the matter of tone(语气).Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?39.Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.

B.Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly

【解题分析】由空格后面的句子“Emoji can help communication feel friendlier”可知，空格处讲的应是邮件语气对交流的影响，B 项“即使一份正式的电子邮件也有可能让人感到冷漠和不友好”符合语境，且“unfriendly”与“friendlier”构成反义词复现。故选B。

技巧4：同根词复现法

所谓的同根词指的是一个单词是由另一个单词加上前缀或后缀而构成的，即词的派生。如help 和helpful。

【高考链接1】（2021年高考英语全国乙卷，“七选五”节选）

And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬).40.Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”

G.He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most

在硅晶圆上用磁控溅射、紫外光刻、离子束刻蚀工艺制备的镍铬薄膜电阻线宽精度≤±5%,阻值均一稳定,电阻精度≤±0.5%,电学性能优异,在高精度硅基无源集成电阻器方向有广泛的应用价值。

【解题分析】学生可采用同根词复现法解答本题。根据段落主题句可知，本段主要讲面对“other dinner-party killer: awkward silence（其他宴会杀手：令人尴尬的沉默）”我们该怎么办。G 选项中的“awkwardness”与前面的“awkward”是同根词的复现，G 项符合语境。故选G。

【高考链接2】（2019年高考英语全国卷Ⅰ，“七选五”节选）

40While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.To make sure you get enough Vitamin D - but still protect your skin - put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.

D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.

【解题分析】学生可采用同根词复现法解答本题。设空处是段落主题句，上一段讲了亲近自然、走近绿色植物的好处。本段介绍了阳光对人体的好处，下文中的“beneficial”与D 项中的“benefit”属于同根词复现。故选D。

技巧5：上下义词复现法

上义词是对事物的概括性、抽象性说明（共性），下义词是事物的具体表现形式或更具体的说明（个性）。如：animal 是上义词，其下义词包含cat, dog, pig, sheep, horse, cow, tiger 等。又如fruit 是apple 的上义词，apple 是fruit的下义词。

【高考链接】(2021年高考英语全国甲卷，“七选五”节选)

· Set a starting time.Maybe you say “go”，or turn on a certain song, or whatever.40.And don’t forget to put out some cookies and fruits.Remember, it’s a party!

D.Just keep music playing throughout

【解题分析】设空处前一句提到“也许你可以说‘开始’，或者播放一首歌，或者其他什么”，设空处后两句提到“别忘了放一些饼干和水果。记住，这是个派对!”，由此可知，设空处应承接上文，且与后文内容相呼应，D项中的“music”与原文中的“song”构成上下义词复现。故选D。

技巧6：代词复现法

代词复现指为了避免与上文提到的名词重复，用代词指代上文提到的人、事物或事件。学生在使用此方法答题时需注意空前空后句子中出现的代词，并确定其意义，结合指代意义和单复数解题。常见的代词it 可指代单数名词、不可数名词或整个句子；they 或them 指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that 指代不可数名词或句子；this 指代单数名词或句子；these 或those 指代已提及的复数名词。代词还有反身代词、指示代词、关系代词等。

【高考链接1】（2021年高考英语全国乙卷，“七选五”节选）

People love to talk about themselves.If you can start the conversation with a question other than“What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to.37,it can bring in“I have this old, broken-down vehicle”or“I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.”It just opens up conversation.

C.If you ask the question“How did you get here?”

【解题分析】学生可采用代词复现法解答本题。根据设空处后面的标点符号逗号可知，此处应该填入一个从句。再根据后面句子“it can bring in‘I have this old, broken-down vehicle’or‘I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.’”中的it 指代前面提出的问题，可知，此处说的是你来的方式。C 项 “如果你问这个问题，你是怎么到这里的？”符合语境。故选C。

【高考链接2】（2020年高考英语全国卷Ⅲ，“七选五”节选）

A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house.The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party.The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.36And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.

E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.

【解题分析】学生可采用代词复现法解答本题。根据空格前的句子“The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.”和空格后的句子“And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.”可知，设空处讲的应该是乔迁聚会给人们带来的好处。E 项符合语境，且E 项中的主语It 指代的是前面句子的主语The party。故选E。

词语复现是语篇衔接的重要手段，而阅读理解“七选五”正是考查语篇衔接的试题。任何一篇文章都是围绕某一话题展开的，与该话题相关的词语会以原词、同义词、近义词、反义词、同根词等方式出现，或者利用代词的指代关系来显示线索。从上面的高考英语真题可知，阅读理解“七选五”的命题原则之一就是借助于词汇线索，因此，学生在答题时要紧紧把握这条线索。同时，教师要指导学生利用词汇线索突破阅读理解“七选五”试题，提高学生对文本信息的理解和处理能力，指导学生掌握基本的解题技巧，从而提升考试成绩。

As a country boasting a vast territory and encompassing a large population, people in many places of China speak their own dialects.Dialects vary greatly in pronunciation but slightly in vocabulary and grammar.Some dialects, especially those from the north and the south, are so different that their speakers often have trouble understanding each other.Although dialects are considered as an integral part of the local culture, the number of people who can speak them has been undergoing a continuous decline in recent years.In order to encourage people to speak local dialects more often, some local governments have taken measures such as setting up dialect courses and broadcasting dialect programs on radio and TV, with a hope to preserve the local cultural heritage.

（摘编自网络，有删减）