史纪明
時下,不少酒店都把炝锅面、地瓜面汤、豇豆汤当作特色饭食应市。在有“鲁菜之乡”之誉的福山,面汤正是民间饮食的主角之一,炝锅面、地瓜面汤更是家常得不能再家常,普通得不能再普通,家家主妇都会做。
福山面汤是福山大面、福山面条的姊妹,历史悠久,是从汉朝的汤饼演变而来的,2000多年后仍保留着“汤”的名称和痕迹。
福山大面、福山面汤和福山面条,不是一种饭,福山大面又称福山拉面,是摔拉成条的,面条柔滑软糯、品种繁多,是中国北方“四大面食”之一。福山面条和福山面汤,都是用擀面杖擀成面皮后用菜刀切成条状,区别在于,面条过水后外加面卤,面汤则不过水,汤面共食。
福山面汤品种很多,有爆锅汤、豆面汤、杂面汤、豇豆汤、地瓜面汤和片汤等,配料多样,口味各异,做法也不一样。
爆锅汤又名白齐面汤、碱面汤、烂面汤等,现在宾馆酒店的炝锅面,就是爆锅汤。它是将白面加适量食用面碱、盐和好揉成团,擀出厚薄适中的面皮,再切成“韭菜扁”或“带子条”形面坯;花生油葱姜爆锅,加水烧开,下入面坯,“料”(方言,氽烫)熟,加点青菜点缀,出锅即可。其汤浑浓郁,面条爽滑,碱香扑鼻。
豆面汤是白面加适量黄豆面,切成细条,清水下锅,点缀韭菜等青菜,层次感强,清淡宜人。
杂面汤又名“三条腿汤”,是白面、豆面和高粱面以适当比例和在一起,擀制切条而成,清水氽烫熟,颜色泛红,清淡可口。
豇豆汤是白面加入1/3的豇豆面,爆锅、清汤均可,豇豆香味四溢,浓淡有别。
把地瓜干捣(或粉碎)成面粉后,因其韧性较差,做面汤需加入适量的榆树皮粉或白面,做法和其他面汤一样,既爽滑又成条;另一种做法是纯地瓜面和好揉成团,用菜礤打到沸水锅里,虽然面条只有寸把长,但吃起来别有一番滋味。
片汤是白面制作,一般切成两三厘米长的面片,葱、姜、蒜爆锅,如果加入虾仁、蛤蜊肉等小海鲜,更是鲜香浓郁,口感丰富,在多种面汤中属上乘,过去多为病人或幼儿专享。
福山民间不管喝什么样的面汤都喜与其他食物搭配,不仅口味好,而且饱腹感强。
如喝面汤时就着片片、地瓜、大饼等主食;不管什么样的面汤,就着咸香椿末、大葱、韭花酱或滴了酱油的韭菜等面碟,更香更下饭。
做面汤用的小麦面、大豆面、高粱面、豇豆面、地瓜面等,过去都是农民自家种的。由于做熟后汤面一起进食,可稀可稠,俗称“喝面汤”。
民间有句顺口溜:“喝(面)汤省,吃面(条)费,(吃)包子饺子菜儿白缀”。
当地人认为,面汤不垫饥,适合晚饭喝,饭后睡一宿,一觉大天亮。
“三年自然灾害”时期,人们很难喝上一顿正宗的面汤,面少汤多,就再加上些菜叶子、瓜蔓子,勉强灌饱肚子。喝得最多的是地瓜面汤,为了加点榆树皮粉改善口感,老百姓把榆树干剥得光秃秃的,有的树就这么枯萎死掉了。榆树皮晒干后,需用石臼捣成面粉。所以,喝一顿地瓜面汤也不容易。
福山民间的规矩是,新媳妇过门第二天要“揽饭食”,即擀面条和豆面汤,面条在条形上不要求难度较大的“一窝丝”,只要普通的“韭菜扁”就行;而豆面汤则对厨艺要求更严一些,基本标准是擀薄切细,达到三根头发丝细才算好手。
新媳妇演示时,家人和邻居都会围着品头论足,弄得新媳妇好不紧张。所以过去福山女性在为闺女时就要学会擀面汤,为的就是婚后“揽饭食”能过关。
Currently, many restaurants serve noodle soup with stir-fried vegetables, sweet potato noodle soup and assorted vegetable soup and cowpea soup as specialty food. In Fushan, which is reputed as the Home to Lu Cuisine, noodle soup is one of the leading characters of local food. Noodle soup with stir-fried vegetables and sweet potato noodle soup are so homely and ordinary that every housewife can make them.
Fushan Noodle Soup is a sister to Fushan Big Noodles and Fushan Noodles. With a long history, it evolutes from the pancake soup in the Han Dynasty and keeps the name and vestige of the “soup” 2,000 years later.
Fushan Big Noodles, Fushan Noodle Soup and Fushan Noodles are not the same kind of food. Fushan Big Noodles, also called Fushan Stretched Noodles, is made by being stretched. As one of the four noodles in north China, it is soft, smooth and glutinous with varieties. Fushan Noodles and Fushan Noodle Soup are rolled by the rolling pin and cut into strips by the kitchen knife. The difference is that noodles are mixed with gravy after being rinsed while the noodle soup is served with both soup and noodles without being rinsed.
Fushan Noodle Soup enjoys a large variety: noodle soup with stir-fried vegetables, bean noodle soup, assorted noodle soup, cowpea soup, sweet potato noodle soup and flat pieces of dough served with soup. Mixed with various ingredients, they have distinctive tastes and cooking ways.