刘淑芬
【摘要】在广州英语中考中,阅读理解是主要题型,所占分值的比例最大。得阅读,得高分。在中考的最后阶段,考生要熟悉中考题型,讲究策略,巧答问题,才能在阅读理解题上取得高分,从而在英语中考中取得优异成绩。
【关键词】英语中考;题型分析;解题技巧;备考策略
在英语中考阅读理解复习的最后冲刺阶段,明确阅读理解题的出题依据,本文分析近三年广州市中考阅读理解题的题型,巧答问题,提高正确率。
一、广州市初中毕业生英语学科学业考试对“读”的要求
参考2018年广州市初中毕业生学业考试指导书,初中学业考试主要考查学生在阅读过程中获取和处理信息的能力及对阅读策略的掌握情况。主要考查以下几种阅读的微技能:
1.理解所读材料的主旨大意;2.理解所读材料的具体信息; 3.根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义;4.对所读内容做出简单的判断和推理;5.理解文段中各句子之间的逻辑关系;6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度;7.理解故事的情节,预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局。
二、广州市初中英语学业考试的阅读理解常见的题型
1.主旨概括题;2.细节理解题; 3.词义猜测题;4.指代判断题;5.归纳推理题;6.作者态度、意图等。
三、近三年中考阅读题分析
根据阅读理解测试的要求,针对各个不同考查内容的考查题型,笔者给出几点解题建议:
1.主旨概括题。此类题主要询问的是段落(或短文) 的主題、主题思想、标题等。其主要提问方式有
(1) Which is the best title for the passage?
(2) Which of the following is this passage about?
(3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that______.
(4)The passage tells us that______.
(5)This passage mainly talks about______.
......
2019年(B)31题
31.What is the passage mainly about?
A.The general details of Xu Xiake's life story.
B. The difficulties Xu Xiake faced in his travels.
C.The important discoveries made by Xu Xiake.
D. The influence of Xu's book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake.
2018年(B)31题
31.What is the passage mainly about?
A. How restaurants developed.
B. What made a good restaurant.
C. Who created the first restaurant.
D. Why restaurants became popular.
在处理这类问题时,通常采用快读方法,先从头到尾把文章浏览一遍,因为这样可以使注意力集中于文章的整体思路及要点之间的联系,而较慢的阅读会过分注意细节,甚至个别词,因而影响对主题的概括。特别要注意仔细阅读开头段和结尾段,因为大多数文章的中心思想都出现在这两段里。如:19年(B)
They say that"travel is the best teacher"and there is no better example of this idea than the Ming dynasty travel writer and geographer Xu Xiake (1587-1641). His book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake, not only encouraged a love of travelling among Chinese people but provided important scientific information about the country's land and geography.
......
31. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The general details of Xu Xiake's life story.
B. The difficulties Xu Xiake faced in his travels.
C. The important discoveries made by Xu Xiake.
D. The influence of Xu's book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake.
通读全文尤其是第一段第一句,可知,本文主要讲述了关于徐霞客生平的一些细节。
2.细节题.此类题型的问题以what、who、which、when、where、how或者why等词引导,就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。
其主要提问方式有:
(1) Which of the following is right?