霍尔木兹海滨住区二期

项目地点：伊朗霍尔木兹岛

建设单位：Ehsan Rasoulof,Ali Rezvani（业主）

设计单位：ZAV 建筑师事务所

设计主持：Mohamadreza Ghodousi,Fatemeh Rezaei,Golnaz Bahrami,Soroush Majidi

设计助理：Sheila Ehsaei,Sara Jafari,Payman Barkhordari,Mohsen Safshekan,Kaveh Rashidzadeh,Hossein Panjehpour

景观设计：Maryam Yousefi,Morteza Adib

室内设计：Sara Jafari,Taraneh Behboud,Sara Nikkar,Mohsen Dehghan

照明设计：Tajang 照明设计公司

结构设计：Behrang Baniadam,Rouhi Touski

市政工程：Farhad Beigi

电气工程：Pejman Moradian

机械工程：Saeid Afsharian

项目施工：Amir Tehrani Nobahari

项目竣工：2020 年

总建筑面积：每座10 300 平方米

用地面积：4 000 平方米

景观面积：6 300 平方米

照片摄影：Tahmineh Monzavi,Soroush Majidi,Payman Barkhordari

Project location:Iran,Hormuz Island

Client:Ehsan Rasoulof,Ali Rezvani (Owner)

Architecture Firm:ZAV Architects

Lead Architects:Mohamadreza Ghodousi,Fatemeh Rezaei,Golnaz Bahrami,Soroush Majidi

Design Assistants:Sheila Ehsaei,Sara Jafari,Payman Barkhordari,Mohsen Safshekan,Kaveh Rashidzadeh,Hossein Panjehpour

Landscape:Maryam Yousefi,Morteza Adib

Interior Design:Sara Jafari,Taraneh Behboud,Sara Nikkar,Mohsen Dehghan

Light Consultant:Tajang Light

Structural Design:Behrang Baniadam,Rouhi Touski

Civil Engineering:Farhad Beigi

Electrical Engineering:Pejman Moradian

Mechanical Engineering:Saeid Afsharian

Project Constructor:Amir Tehrani Nobahari

Completion Year:2020

Gross Built Area:10 300 m2

Area:4 000 m2

Landscape Area:6 300 m2

Photo credits:Tahmineh Monzavi,Soroush Majidi,Payman Barkhordari

伊朗霍尔木兹岛，以城市开发实现社区赋能

霍尔木兹岛历史悠久，作为伊朗南部波斯湾处一度繁荣的港口，它曾是中东地区向外运输石油的要道。该岛风景斑斓壮美，犹如仙境。矛盾之处在于，纵然这座岛屿风景优美、适宜观光且在政治上具有战略意义，其岛民却经济拮据，乃至利用其船只参与非法贩运活动。

霍尔木兹海滨住区是一家私营机构的系列城市开发项目，该机构委托ZAV 建筑师事务所，旨在为岛上的本地社区赋能。该项目的二期工程是一个名为Majara 住区（意为冒险）的多用途文化住宅区，该住区能够在文化以及经济双重维度上将本地居民与游客的生活相连通。

何者利于我，何者利于众？

在这个面临境外政治争端的国度，每一个建筑项目都是一个有关内部治理选项的提案，它们提出根本的问题：建筑的界限在哪里？建筑如何为公共生活提供政治上的其他选择？建筑如何实现社会功能？

建筑可以充当中介，调和从国家、投资者到不同阶层、不同人群在内的各个群体的利益。Majara 住区正是如此，它吸纳项目临近阿巴斯港的土地所有者（他们是霍尔木兹一年一度的大地艺术活动的举办者）、首都德黑兰的投资者以及霍尔木兹本地人合作参与项目。

在制裁导致经济不景气的背景下，提振GDP 可带来社会变革，在此项目中表现为：1.降低建造成本，以利益业主。2.指定将预算侧重划拨用作工资支出而非用于采购昂贵进口材料，通过提供建筑技能培训为其赋能，利益当地民众。3.采用适应性强且不易过时的空间规划，以应对计划外需求，利益业主及该岛。4.使用伊朗本土材料和人力资源，削减建筑和运输成本，提振GDP，利益该国。

无限的纳德•哈利利式建筑

霍尔木兹海滨住区为可持续发展项目，该项目旨在构建信任而非仅关注建筑目标，其追求鼓励当地民众参与，并且在对该岛进行任何改造的过程中考虑到其利益。

该项目使用纳德•哈利利的超级土屋技术（superadobe）（一种使用夯土和夯沙的新式简易技术）建造多个小型穹顶式建筑。穹顶式建筑在该地区很常见。此类建筑尺寸较小，当地工匠及不熟练工人在事先参与过规模更小的项目后，即可胜任本项目的建造施工工作。如今，经过培训，他们已经成为熟练的superadobe泥瓦工，如同以指数级复制出了无数个纳德•哈利利。

膨胀土

数不清的颜色各异的颗粒，泥土、沙土、沙砾或石料的，堆积形成了霍尔木兹岛色彩缤纷的地貌。受该岛地貌交错处的颗粒所启发，本项目使用的地毯在织就时采用颗粒状结构。以沙袋构建空间粒子（也称穹顶），沙袋填充有霍尔木兹码头上挖出的沙土，象征着人为建造的、地表上隆起的居住空间。

Community empowerment via urban development,Hormuz Island,Iran

Hormuz is a formerly glorious historic port in the strategic strait of Hormuz in the Persian Gulf,South of Iran,that controls the shipment of petroleum from the Middle East.The island has outstanding colorful surreal landscapes.Oddly,the local inhabitants of the beautiful,touristic and politically strategic island struggle economically,getting involved in illegal trafficking activities using their boats.

Presence in Hormuz is a series of urban developments by a private institution that hired ZAV Architects,in order to empower the local community of the island.Its second phase is a multipurpose cultural residence called Majara residence (meaning adventure) that ties together the lives of local people and visitors both culturally and economically.

What’s to my benefit,what’s to the benefit of all?

In a country where the state struggles with political disputes outside its borders,every architectural project becomes a proposal for internal governing alternatives,asking basic questions:what are the limits of architecture and how can it suggest a political alternative for communal life? How can it attain social agency?

Architecture has the capacity be a mediator in the middle ground that converges the interests of different groups,from the state and investors to various classes and groups of people.Majara does so in bringing together the owners of land from the neighboring port of Bandar Abbas who organize an annual landart event in Hormuz,the investors from the capital city Tehran,and the local people of Hormuz as partners in the project.

Under the economic distress of sanctions,increasing the GDP generates social change,which in this project is achieved by:1.Building economically,to the benefit of the client.2.Earmarking a bigger share of the budget to labor costs rather than expensive imported materials,to the benefit of the local population,empowering them by offering training for construction skills.3.An adaptive and future-proof spatial scenario that can respond to unpredicted need,to the benefit of the client and the island.4.Using materials and human resources from Iran,to reduce construction and transportation costs and increase the GDP,to the benefit of the whole country.

lnfinite Nader Khalili’s

Presence in Hormuz is a continuous process aiming at building trust rather than architectural objects,in order to encourage the participation of local people and the inclusion of their interests in any intervention in the island.

The project is a multitude of small-scale domes built with the superadobe technique of Nader Khalili,the innovative and simple technique using rammed earth and sand.Domes are familiar structures in the region.Their small scale makes them compatible with the building capabilities of local craftsmen and unskilled workers,which have been prepared for this project with previous smaller projects.Today they are trained master superadobe masons,as if Nader Khalili multiplied exponentially.

Swelling Earth

The infinite number of colorful particles,be they soil,sand,gravel or stone,pile up and form the rainbow topography of Hormuz island.In this project a carpet is woven with granular knots inspired by the particles that make up the ecotone of the island.The sandbags that create the spatial particles (aka domes) are filled with the dredging sand of the Hormuz dock,as if the earth has swollen to produce space for accommodation.