松龄血脉康胶囊对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤 内质网应激凋亡相关蛋白的影响

2021-06-21 19:59马喆王思锦高永红程炜婷巩卓彦孙逸坤薛程元金秋硕高颖娄利霞
湖南中医药大学学报 2021年5期
关键词:细胞凋亡

马喆 王思锦 高永红 程炜婷 巩卓彦 孙逸坤 薛程元 金秋硕 高颖 娄利霞

〔摘要〕 目的 探討松龄血脉康胶囊对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其对内质网应激细胞凋亡的影响。方法 从50只雄性SD大鼠中随机选取11只为假手术组,其余大鼠采用大脑中动脉栓塞法制备脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,造模成功的33只大鼠随机分为模型组、松龄血脉康组及依达拉奉组,每组11只,分别予蒸馏水[10 mL/(kg·d)]、松龄血脉康胶囊溶液[10 mL/(kg·d)]及依达拉奉注射液[3.15 mL/(kg·d)]干预5 d。神经功能评分检测造模后24 h及给药5 d后的神经功能;错步实验检测错步次数;HE染色观察大鼠大脑缺血区形态结构;TUNEL染色法观察细胞凋亡;Western blot法检测Cleaved Caspase-3及内质网应激促凋亡蛋白CHOP、Caspase-12的表达。结果 神经功能评分显示,造模24 h后,与假手术组相比,造模组评分显著降低(P<0.01),表示造模成功。造模5 d后,模型组神经功能评分仍低于假手术组(P<0.01);松龄血脉康组与依达拉奉组神经功能评分显著高于模型组(P<0.05),且分别显著高于本组造模后24 h评分(P<0.01或P<0.05)。错步实验检测发现,模型组的错步次数显著高于假手术组(P<0.01);松龄血脉康组及依达拉奉组错步次数显著低于模型组(P<0.01)。HE染色结果发现,与模型组相比,松龄血脉康组及依达拉奉组缺血区脑组织形态结构显著改善。TUNEL染色结果显示,模型组阳性细胞百分比较假手术组显著增加(P<0.01);松龄血脉康组及依达拉奉组阳性细胞百分比较模型组显著减少(P<0.01)。Western blot检测结果显示,模型组Cleaved Caspase-3与CHOP、Caspase-12相对蛋白表达量较假手术组显著增高(P<0.01);松龄血脉康组及依达拉奉组Cleaved Caspase-3及CHOP、Caspase-12相对蛋白表达量较模型组明显减少(P<0.05或P<0.05)。结论 松龄血脉康胶囊可能是通过降低内质网应激促凋亡蛋白CHOP、Caspase-12的表达减少细胞凋亡,减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤,发挥神经保护作用。

〔关键词〕 脑缺血再灌注损伤;松龄血脉康胶囊;依达拉奉注射液;内质网应激;细胞凋亡;凋亡蛋白

〔中图分类号〕R255.2        〔文献标志码〕A       〔文章编号〕doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2021.05.006

Effects of Songling Xuemaikang Capsule on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Related Apoptosis Proteins in Rats with Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

MA Zhe1, WANG Sijin1,2, GAO Yonghong1, CHENG Weiting1, GONG Zhuoyan1, SUN Yikun1, XUE Chengyuan1,

JIN Qiushuo1, GAO Ying1,2, LOU Lixia1*

(1. Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing

University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China; 2. Institute of Traditional Chinese Encephalopathy, Beijing

University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China)

〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the protective effect of Songling Xuemaikang Capsule on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats and its effect on the apoptosis of endoplasmic reticulum stress cells. Methods A total of 11 male SD rats were randomly selected from 50 male SD rats as the sham group. The other rats were established by right middle cerebral artery embolization to prepare cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury model. 33 rats were successfully modeled, and were randomly divided into model group, Songling Xuemaikang group and edaravone group, with 11 rats in each group. And they were respectively given distilled water [10 mL/(kg·d)], Songling Xuemaikang Capsules solution [10 mL/(kg·d)] and edaravone injection [3.15 mL/(kg·d)]. They were all treated for 5 days. Neurological function score was used to detect the neurological function 24 hours after modeling and 5 days after administration. Stagger-step experiment was used to detect the number of stagger-step. HE staining was used to observe the morphology and structure of cerebral ischemia in rats. Cell apoptosis was observed by TUNEL staining. The expression of Cleaved Caspase-3 and endoplasmic reticulum stress pro-apoptotic proteins CHOP and Caspase-12 were detected by Western blot. Results Neurological function score showed that, 24 hours after modeling, the score of the modeling group was significantly lower than that of the sham group (P<0.01), indicating that the modeling was successful. After 5 days of modeling, the neurological function score of model group was still lower than that of sham group (P<0.01). The neurological function score in Songling Xuemaikang group and edaravone group was significantly higher than that in model group (P<0.05), and was significantly higher than that in self group 24 hours after modeling (P<0.05, P<0.01) respectively. Stagger-step experiment showed the number of wrong steps in the model group was significantly higher than that in the sham group (P<0.01). The number of wrong steps in Songling Xuemaikang group and edaravone group was significantly lower than that in model group (P<0.01). The results of HE staining showed that, compared with the model group, the morphological structure of ischemic brain tissue in Songling Xuemaikang group and edaravone group was significantly improved. TUNEL staining showed that the percentage of positive cells in the model group was significantly higher than that in the sham group (P<0.01). The percentage of positive cells in Songling Xuemaikang group and edaravone group was significantly lower than that in model group (P<0.01). Western blot results showed that the relative protein expression levels of Cleaved Caspase-3, CHOP and Caspase-12 in model group were significantly higher than those in sham group (P<0.01). The relative protein expression levels of Cleaved Caspase-3, CHOP and Caspase-12 in Songling Xuemaikang group and edaravone group were significantly decreased compared with model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Songling Xuemaikang Capsule may reduce cell apoptosis by reducing the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress pro-apoptotic proteins CHOP and Caspase-12, alleviate cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and play a neuroprotective role.

1.8  TUNEL染色法检测大鼠脑组织细胞凋亡

根据试剂盒操作说明,将大鼠脑组织石蜡切片脱蜡、水化,组织固定于室温30 min,用PBS进行清洗,滴加蛋白酶K工作液(100 μL/片)室温孵育10 min进行消化,PBS清洗后再次室温固定5 min。PBS清洗后,滴加Equilibration Buffer液(100 μL/片)室温孵育10 min用于反应前平衡,吸去Equilibration Buffer液,滴加含荧光标记底物的末端DNA转移酶反应混合液(50 μL/片),37 ℃避光孵育60 min,2×SSC溶液清洗,最后滴加内含DAPI成分的抗荧光衰减封片剂(10 μL/片)封片。在荧光显微镜下观测,每张切片随机选择10个脑组织缺血区,在400倍镜视野下进行拍照,用Image J 软件对凋亡细胞数量进行统计,细胞凋亡率=阳性细胞数/总细胞数×100%。

1.9  Western blot 法检测各组大鼠脑组织的Cleaved Caspase-3、CHOP、Caspase-12蛋白表达

取大鼠缺血区脑组织50 mg,加入其10倍体积的裂解液进行蛋白提取,蛋白浓度的测定采用BCA法,并将其浓度全部调整为4 μg/μL,分装冻存于

-80 ℃冰箱备用。采用快速凝胶法制备12.5%的PAGE胶,电泳将不同分子量的蛋白分离(上样量:40 μg),并将其转移至孔径为0.22 μm的NC膜,采用Western封闭液室温封闭1 h后分别加入一抗Clea?

ved Caspase-3、CHOP、Caspase-12(比例均为1∶1 000)及GAPDH(1∶10 000)、β-actin(1∶20 000),将加入一抗的NC膜存放于4 ℃冰箱孵育过夜,次日回收一抗,清洗后加入羊抗兔二抗(1∶20 000)室温孵育1 h,洗涤后在暗环境中滴加发光液并使用凝胶成像仪记录,Image J 软件分析条带相对灰度值,β-actin或GAPDH为内参。

1.10  统计学方法

實验数据通过SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析,数据结果用“x±s”表示。符合正态分布且方差齐的数据,采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采取LSD检验进行;符合正态分布但方差不齐的数据,组间比较则采用单因素方差分析中Dunnett T3检验。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1  各组大鼠神经功能评分比较

造模24 h后,假手术组神经功能评分为22分,模型组、松龄血脉康组及依达拉奉组评分均低于假手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),表示造模成功。造模5 d后,模型组、松龄血脉康组与依达拉奉组神经功能评分仍低于假手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05);松龄血脉康组与依达拉奉组神经功能评分显著高于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与造模24 h后比较,假手术组及模型组在造模5 d后的评分无显著差异(P>0.05);松龄血脉康组及依达拉奉组神经功能评分显著高于造模24 h后评分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。见表1。

2.2  各组大鼠错步实验结果比较

与假手术组比较,模型组、松龄血脉康组及依达拉奉组大鼠的错步次数显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与模型组比较,松龄血脉康组及依达拉奉组大鼠错步次数显著减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);松龄血脉康组与依达拉奉组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2。

2.3  HE染色观察各组大鼠脑组织形态结构改变

假手术组大脑皮层神经元细胞形态完整、结构正常、胞核清晰,胞质充盈,细胞排列整齐;模型组大脑皮层神经元细胞皱缩,染色质色深浓,胞核与胞质无明显分界,部分细胞呈空泡状改变;与模型组比较,松龄血脉康组及依达拉奉组大脑皮层神经元细胞皱缩减少、细胞形态及结构明显改善。见图1。

2.4  TUNEL染色观察各组大鼠脑组织细胞凋亡情况

假手术组无阳性细胞染色;与假手术组相比,模型组、松龄血脉康组及依达拉奉组阳性细胞百分比显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与模型组相比,松龄血脉康组及依达拉奉组阳性细胞百分比显著减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与依达拉奉组相比,松龄血脉康组阳性细胞百分比显著减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。见图2、表3。

2.5  各组大鼠脑组织调亡蛋白Cleaved Caspase-3及ERS促凋亡蛋白CHOP和 Caspase-12的表达

与假手术组相比,模型组、松龄血脉康组及依达拉奉组Cleaved Caspase-3与CHOP、Caspase-12相对蛋白表达量显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与模型组相比,松龄血脉康组及依达拉奉组Cleaved Caspase-3及CHOP、Caspase-12相对蛋白表达量明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);与依达拉奉组相比,松龄血脉康组Cleaved Caspase-3及CHOP、Caspase-12相对蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见图3、表4。

3 讨论

松龄血脉康胶囊成分为鲜松叶、珍珠层粉、葛根;鲜松叶具有祛风燥湿、活血安神等作用。《本草汇言》记载松毛能治“大风癞疾”;珍珠层粉具有重镇平肝、清热凉血等作用,《本草汇言》记录珍珠层粉“镇心,定志”;葛根具有解肌生津、升阳止泻等作用,是阳明经引经药,《本草正》记录葛根“凡热而兼渴者,此为最良”;三药相伍,共奏平肝潜阳息风、镇心安神之效。CIRI的中医病机为肝阳上亢,气血逆乱,上犯于脑,因此,从中医学理论角度而言,松龄血脉康可以治疗CIRI。目前的研究[10-12]表明,鲜松叶、葛根及珍珠层粉均具有抗氧化应激的作用。CIRI时会产生大量活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS),发生脂质过氧化反应,破坏内质网的Ca2+稳态,从而诱发ERS介导的细胞凋亡[13]。因此,推测松龄血脉康可以通过减轻ERS改善CIRI。依达拉奉注射液具有抗ERS凋亡、清除氧自由基的作用,在CIRI中发挥神经保护作用[14],故作为本研究的阳性对照组。

缺血性脑卒中急性期血管再通后,脑组织缺血区的半暗带受到再灌注损伤,而细胞凋亡是CIRI的重要机制之一[15-16]。CIRI的治疗旨在减少细胞凋亡,减轻组织灌注不足带来的影响,挽救缺血半暗带,促进神经功能恢复等[17]。在本研究中,造模24 h后模型组大鼠神经功能评分较低(P<0.01),且与造模5 d后相比,其神经功能无显著差异;松龄血脉康组与依达拉奉组在干预5 d后神经功能评分显著高于模型组(P<0.05),并且分别高于本组造模24 h后评分(P<0.01,P<0.05),同时,松龄血脉康组与依达拉奉组神经功能评分无显著差异。表明松龄血脉康胶囊及依达拉奉注射液可以改善CIRI后大鼠的神经功能,并且松龄血脉康胶囊和依达拉奉注射液的效果相当。错步实验可以检测大鼠共济失调情况,模型组大鼠错步次数显著增加(P<0.01),经过松龄血脉康胶囊与依达拉奉注射液治疗后其错步次数显著减少(P<0.01),说明松龄血脉康胶囊可以改善CIRI大鼠共济失调,并且和依达拉奉注射液效果相当。HE染色中,经过松龄血脉康胶囊和依达拉奉注射液治疗后神经元细胞形态结构较模型组改善。以上研究表明松龄血脉康胶囊可以改善大鼠CIRI缺血区神经元细胞形态结构,具有神经保护作用。

已有研究[18]表明,ERS是CIRI细胞凋亡信号通路的关键组成部分。内质网是蛋白质合成的重要场所,并且参与钙离子稳态调节、脂质和葡萄糖代谢[19]。当CIRI发生时,内质网的稳态被破坏,产生ERS,导致蛋白质合成障碍而使错误折叠蛋白产生并积聚,从而激活未折叠蛋白反应(unfolded protein response, UPR),最初UPR的激活可以帮助重建内质网稳态并使内质网功能恢复正常,但是持久而严重的CIRI激活ERS凋亡通路发生细胞凋亡[20]。CHOP是ERS信号通路下游重要的促凋亡因子,参与内质网介导的细胞凋亡[21]。现有研究[22]表明CHOP基因沉默可以减轻ERS诱导的细胞凋亡。CHOP蛋白的表达可通过ERS信号通路PERK-elF2-ATF4及IRE1a-JNK调节,ERS激活PERK及IRE1a,增加CHOP蛋白的表达,调节Bcl-2蛋白及Bax蛋白的表达并且启动Caspase凋亡信号通路发生细胞凋亡[23]。Caspase-12是ERS凋亡通路中另一个重要的蛋白,存在于内质网膜中,通常以无活性的前体形式存在。已有的研究[24]证明ERS介导的细胞凋亡可以通过抑制 Caspase-12蛋白表达而减轻。ERS可以激活IRE1,活化的IRE1激活Caspase-12,启动内质网介导的细胞凋亡[25]。Caspase-12活化并裂解Caspase-9,后者进一步活化裂解Caspase-3,最终导致细胞凋亡。在本研究中,模型组Cleaved Caspase-3与CHOP、Caspase-12相对蛋白表达量显著增高(P<0.01),而经松龄血脉康胶囊及依达拉奉注射液干预5 d后,其蛋白表达量显著减少(P<0.05或P<0.01)。并且TUNEL染色显示模型组阳性细胞百分比显著增加(P<0.01),而经松龄血脉康胶囊及依达拉奉注射液干预5 d后其阳性细胞百分比显著减少(P<0.01),且松龄血脉康组比依达拉奉组细胞凋亡百分比低(P<0.01)。以上结果表明松龄血脉康胶囊可以减少ERS引起的细胞凋亡,并且其对细胞凋亡的作用与依达拉奉注射液相仿。因此,推测松龄血脉康胶囊可能是通过降低ERS特异的促凋亡蛋白CHOP、Caspase-12的表达水平减少细胞凋亡,减轻CIRI,发挥神经保护作用。

参考文献

[1] ROGER V L, GO A S, LLOYD-JONES D M, et al. Executive summary: Heart disease and stroke statistics: 2012 update: A report from the American heart association[J]. Circulation, 2012, 125(1): 188-97.

[2] 王拥军,李子孝,谷鴻秋,等.中国卒中报告2019(中文版)(1)[J].中国卒中杂志,2020,15(10):1037-1043.

[3] 蔡周权,袁浩宇,俞  瑜.松龄血脉康胶囊联合辛伐他汀治疗心绞痛伴高脂血症48例临床评价[J].中国药业,2015,24(17):29-30.

[4] 梁汝庆,姜  婧,丁新生,等.松龄血脉康对大鼠局灶性脑缺血-再灌注损伤和细胞凋亡的影响[J].中国新药与临床杂志,2010,29(3): 221-224.

[5] 陈  媛,吴海金,黄晓松,等.葛根素对脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马组织P-STAT3、P53表达的影响[J].湖南中医药大学学报,2018,38(1): 36-39.

[6] 李春红,王  婕,吴爱明,等.内质网应激与心力衰竭的相关性研究进展[J].中西医结合心脑血管病杂志,2018,16(12):1662-1666.

[7] LONGA E Z, WEINSTEIN P R, CARLSON S, et al. Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats[J]. Stroke, 1989, 20(1): 84-91.

[8] GARCIA J H, WAGNER S, LIU K F, et al. Neurological deficit and extent of neuronal necrosis attributable to middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Statistical validation[J]. Stroke, 1995, 26(4): 627-634,635.

[9] METZ G A, WHISHAW I Q. Cortical and subcortical lesions impair skilled walking in the ladder rung walking test: A new task to evaluate fore-and hindlimb stepping, placing, and co-ordination[J]. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 2002, 115(2): 169-179.

[10] 劳业兴,张冰若,苏薇薇.松针化学成分及药理研究进展[J].中药材,2003,26(9):681-683.

[11] 李  端,徐  翔,吴佩君,等.水解珍珠层粉在小鼠体内的抗氧化作用[J].中成药,1996(12):30-31.

[12] 毛庆军,夏  瑞,张传汉.葛根素对脑缺血再灌注家兔脑组织及内皮细胞的保护[J].中国临床康复,2006(3):40-41.

[13] 周映彤,肖洪彬,毕明刚.活性氧与内质网应激[J].中国药理学通报,2011,27(5):597-600.

[14] KIKUCHI K, TANCHAROEN S, TAKESHIGE N, et al. The efficacy of edaravone (radicut), a free radical scavenger, for cardiovascular disease[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2013, 14(7): 13909-13930.

[15] MANDALANENI K ,RAYI A, JILLELLA D V. Stroke reperfusion injury[M]. Internet: StatPearls, 2020: 1-24.

[16] 雷梦南,李  玉,胡建鹏.脑缺血再灌注损伤分子生物学机制及现代中医药治疗进展[J].长春中医药大学学报,2019,35(5):991-994.

[17] SAVITZ S I, BARON J C, YENARI M A, et al. Reconsidering neuroprotection in the reperfusion era[J]. Stroke, 2017, 48(12): 3413-3419.

[18] 李欲轲,熊孟连,徐  僡,等.内质网应激与凋亡研究进展[J].分子植物育种,2018,16(23):7856-7862.

[19] PRENTICE H, MODI J P, WU J Y. Mechanisms of neuronal protection against excitotoxicity, endoplasmic Reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in stroke and neurodegenerative

diseases[J]. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2015, 2015: 964518.

[20] LALKOVIOV M, DANIELISOV V. Neuroprotection and antioxidants[J]. Neural Regeneration Research, 2016, 11(6):865-74.

[21] WALTER P, RON D. The unfolded protein response: From stress pathway to homeostatic regulation[J]. Science, 2011, 334(6059): 1081-1086.

[22] 雷  艷,詹世淮,陈俊秋,等.CHOP双重调控衣霉素诱导的DU-145细胞凋亡及自噬的研究[J].中华细胞与干细胞杂志(电子版),2018,8(5):257-263.

[23] LI Y M, GUO Y S, TANG J, et al. New insights into the roles of CHOP-induced apoptosis in ER stress[J]. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica, 2014, 46(8): 629-640.

[24] KIKUCHI K, TANCHAROEN S, TAKESHIGE N, et al. The efficacy of edaravone (radicut), a free radical scavenger, for cardiovascular disease[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2013, 14(7): 13909-13930.

[25] ZHAO X M, ZHU L, LIU D Y, et al. Sigma-1 receptor protects against endoplasmic Reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in mice with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury[J]. Apoptosis, 2019, 24(1/2): 157-167.

猜你喜欢
细胞凋亡
三氧化二砷对人大细胞肺癌NCI—H460细胞凋亡影响的研究
木犀草素对对乙酰氨基酚诱导的L02肝细胞损伤的保护作用
传染性法氏囊病致病机理研究
G—RH2诱导人肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡的实验研究
益气养血补肾方对长期大强度运动大鼠海马JAK/STAT信号转导通路的影响
Fas/FasL对糖尿病心肌病的影响