赫尔辛基城市博物馆，赫尔辛基，芬兰

建筑设计：aDT建筑事务所

1 从参议院广场看赛德霍尔姆宅/The Sederholm House seen from the Senate Square

参议院广场是赫尔辛基的纪念中心，也是19世纪初由约翰·阿尔布雷克特·艾伦斯特伦与卡尔·卢德维格·恩格尔设计的市镇规划的主要建筑焦点。它的北面是赫尔辛基大教堂，东西轴线由大学和参议院建筑构成，这几组建筑都由恩格尔设计。沿着亚历山大街，广场的南侧是一排主要建于19世纪的商人住宅。

在参议院广场和大市场之间的南部城区，在二战后变为城市行政管理区，导致该地区丧失了一些吸引力。于是，赫尔辛基市在21世纪的第一个10年启动复兴整个区域。赫尔辛基博物馆搬迁到参议院广场的东南角正是这个项目的其中一部分。

在名为“大象”的街区中1），有5座列入清单的建筑，它们分属于不同的时代。有城市中最古老的建筑赛德霍尔姆宅（1757年），比邻的卡塔琳娜街3号（1761年），雷曼德宅（1814-1873年），法尔克曼宅（1829-1872年），以及瓦尔科宁·萨利大楼（白厅，1925年），如今承担着赫尔辛基城市博物馆的公共空间和管理功能。

位于街区最东端的大象和它的3个庭院作为前市政区的复兴区的一部分已向公众开放。赫尔辛基城市博物馆如今是一系列城市公共庭院的延续，其中包含餐馆、画廊和其他旅游景点。

博物馆的新概念经过了3年的发展，集中在博物馆的顾客和他们的需求上面。在设计工作的初期阶段，业主和设计团队建立了3条基于动机的用户画像。3条用户画像对应着博物馆3个不同展览空间的目标群体。用户画像用作所有的服务设施的设计上面。

由于博物馆由历史建筑组成，需要特别针对一个良好的游客体验进行设计考虑。在现有的建筑之间创建一个有逻辑的连贯的流线系统，对于博物馆而言是最大的设计挑战。博物馆免费进入，使创建4个新入口促进公共交通成为可能。

博物馆由3个非常不同的展览空间组成：赫尔辛基儿童小镇、赫尔辛基历史记忆和临时展厅。儿童小镇展位于赛德霍尔姆宅中，这座住宅和商业建筑始建于18世纪。尽管房间狭小，赛德霍尔姆宅对于做博物馆非常适合，考虑到游客的规模相对于展览空间的大小，夏季的通风是设计上的一个挑战。

历史记忆展位于二层，一个500m2的开放空间里。对于空间的规划聚焦在游客的可达性和导游团队游览的移动轨迹上。保留开放的空间有利于放置更大的展品，同时仍然保持流线简便和整个展览的可见性。展览以一种无等级的方式排布，游客可以自由选择观展路径。

2 卡塔琳娜街3号立面/Katariinankatu street #3 façade view

3 在北院邻近博物馆入口的新氧化铜网立面/The new façade clad with oxidised copper mesh next to the museum main entrance on the northern courtyard.

4 南院入口/Entrance from the southern courtyard

临时展厅位于四层，是一个1960年代设计的展陈空间。这是一个完整的矩形空间，很容易转变成不同的格局。展览可以利用整个空间，或者在房间内布置临时墙形成分区。

不同于许多博物馆那样，赫尔辛基城市博物馆除了展览空间还有很多公共设施。从一开始，博物馆的临街大厅就是一个备受欢迎的多功能商业空间。通常，它的功能是为公众提供舒适的“客厅”。尽管毗邻博物馆的主入口，大堂仍可以举办各种活动。外部的活动组织者对这个空间的非正式性大加赞扬，对许多人来说，它是一个比礼堂或演讲厅等传统场所要更受欢迎的地方。

其他对公众开放的设施包括摄影展廊、休息室和桑拿浴。在摄影展廊，博物馆游客可以接触到博物馆宏伟的赫尔辛基照片收藏。展藏包括数字检索数据库和传统的照片印刷品。四层的休息室是连接两座现有建筑的新区域，为游客提供一个安静平和的休息空间。桑拿浴是2020年春天增加的，当时博物馆将商店移到了正门旁边，以促进更多客流。新的桑拿浴房占据了原来商店的位置。

城市博物馆的特色之一在于它的3个像城市空间一样的小庭院，这为举办活动提供了新的可能。其中两个庭院与相邻的公司共享，同时使博物馆和其他住户受益。另一个庭院形成临近咖啡馆的露台，在博物馆的开放时间使周围环境活跃起来。在2020年夏天，这个庭院里建造了一个城市花园，与博物馆的城市美食展相连。尽管挤占了咖啡馆的露台，城市花园仍收到了咖啡馆老板的正面反馈。

博物馆主入口前的小庭院与一个活动空间共享，这个活动空间与博物馆在同一栋建筑之内。活动场地常常在夜间和周末博物馆闭馆时使用。夏天，这个庭院即一个带家具的露台，白日供博物馆游客使用，增加了院子的舒适度和活力。

从亚历山大街的主入口穿过一个车行入口，途径博物馆中唯一的新建筑。外立面覆盖着氧化铜网，形成一个缓慢变化的材料沙漏，作为博物馆的隐喻。夜间，金属的表面还作为光艺术家亚科·涅梅莱的艺术作品的背景板。（庞凌波 译）

The Senate Square is the monumental centre of Helsinki and the major architectural focal point in the town plan by Johan Albrecht Ehrenström and Carl Ludvig Engel from the beginning of 19th century. It is flanked in the north by the Helsinki Cathedral and the east-west axis is formed by the University and the Senate Buildings, all designed by C.L.Engel. The south side of the square along Aleksanterinkatu street is formed by a row of former merchant's houses mainly from 19th century.

The city blocks in the south between the Senate Square and the Market Place had been taken over after the WW II by city administrative functions causing the area to lose some of its attractiveness.The City of Helsinki launched a revitalisation of the whole area in the beginning of first decade of the century. The relocating of the Helsinki City Museum to the south-east corner of the Senate Square is part of this project.

In the city block calledThe Elephant1)the museum was provided five listed buildings of very different architectural eras. The oldest remaining building in the city the Sederholm House (1757),the neighbouring building in the Katariinankatu street #3 (1761), the Remander House (1814-1873),the Falkman House (1829-1872) and the Valkonen Sali building (The White Hall, 1925) house today the public and administrative functions of the Helsinki City Museum.

The elephant and its three courtyards have been opened to the public as part of the revitalisation of the former city administration area in the easternmost part of the block. The Helsinki City Museum now forms a continuation to the public series of city courtyards housing restaurants,galleries and other visitor attractions.

The museum's new concept was developed for three years and focused on the museum customers and their needs. In the early stages of the design work the client and the team built three motivation-based customer pro files. These pro files corresponded to the target groups of the museum's three different exhibition spaces. The customer pro files were then used for the design of all services and customer facilities.

Consisting of historic listed buildings, the museum required special consideration to design a good visitor experience. Creating a logical and cohesive circulation system between the existing buildings was the biggest design challenge for the museum. Museum entry is free of charge, which allowed the creation of four new entrances to facilitate public circulation.

5 总平面/Site plan

The museum consists of three very different exhibition spaces; Children's Town, Helsinki Bites,and temporary exhibition space. The Children's Town exhibit is located in Sederholm House, which was built in the 18th century as a residential and commercial building. Sederholm House is well suited for museum use despite its small rooms. Ventilation in the summer presented a design challenge, given the high number of visitors relative to the size of the exhibition spaces.

Helsinki Bites is located on the second floor in a 500 m2undivided open space. Planning the space for museum use focused on visitor accessibility and movement in a guided group tour. Preserving the open space facilitated the placement of larger objects, while still allowing easy circulation and visibility throughout the exhibit. The exhibition was arranged in a non-hierarchical fashion,allowing the visitor to choose his or her own route through the exhibit.

6 新建部分为这个历史悠久的城市街区叠加上了当代建筑的层次。顶层的新展览空间是在场地现有的混凝土上实现的/The new section brings a contemporary architectural layer to the historic city block. The new exhibition spaces on the top floor is realised in in-situ concrete.

The temporary gallery is located in a fourth floor space that was designed as an exhibition space in the 1960s. It is a uni fied, rectangular space that is easily converted for different layouts. Exhibitions can utilize the full uni fied space or deploy temporary walls to create subsections within the room.

Unlike many museums, the Helsinki City Museum has plenty of public facilities beyond the exhibition spaces. From the very beginning, the museum's street-level lobby has proved to be a popular and versatile customer space. Normally, it functions as a comfortably furnished "living room"for the public. The lobby can also host various events, despite its adjacency to the main museum entrance. Outside event organisers have praised the informal nature of the space, and for many it is a preferred venue to more traditional options such as auditoriums or lecture halls.

Other facilities open to the public include a photo gallery, lounge, and sauna. In the photo gallery, a museum visitor can get acquainted with the museum's magnificent collection of Helsinki photographs. The collection includes a digital browsing database and traditional photographic prints. The fourth floor lounge is located in a new section that connects two existing buildings, offering a calm and peaceful space for visitors to rest in. The sauna space was added in the spring of 2020, when the museum relocated the museum shop next to the main entrance to encourage more foot traffic. The new sauna space occupies the former shop location.

7 首层平面/Ground floor plan

8 二层平面/First floor plan

1-大厅/Lobby

2-信息台/Info

3-存包处/Cloakroom

4-常设展“儿童小镇”/Permanent exhibition "Children's Town"

5-博物馆商店/Museum shop

6-咖啡厅/Café

7-档案室/Archive

8-阅览室/Study

9-常设展“时光机”/Permanent exhibition "Time Machine"

10-多功能空间/Multifunctional space

11-办公室/Office

12-商店/Shop

13-常设展“赫尔辛基历史记忆”/Permanent exhibition "Helsinki Bites"

14-储藏室/Storage

15-阅览室/Library

16-会议室/Meeting room

17-备展间/Preparation of artefacts

One of the special features of the City Museum is its three small, city-like courtyards, which open up new possibilities for event staging. Two courtyards are shared spaces with adjacent businesses and are designed to benefit both the museum and the other tenants. One such courtyard hosts the terrace of the neighbouring café, which enlivens the immediate surroundings during the museum's opening hours. In the summer of 2020, a city garden was built in this courtyard in connection with the museum's Urban Food exhibition. The urban garden has received positive feedback from the café entrepreneur, despite its location in the area reserved for the café terrace.

The small courtyard in front of the museum's main entrance is shared with an event space that occupies the same building as the museum. The event space is frequently in use in the evenings and on weekends when the museum is closed. During the summer, this courtyard is used as a furnished terrace space. The terrace is used by museum guests during the day, increasing the comfort and liveliness of the yard.

The main entrance from the Aleksanterinkatu Street through a carriage gateway passes by the only new piece of architecture in the museum. The façade clad with oxidised copper mesh forms a slow-moving material hourglass as a metaphor for the museum.During the dark hours of the day the metal surface serves as a background for an artwork by light artist Jaakko Niemelä.

注释/Note

1）根据从斯德哥尔摩引进的原则，赫尔辛基老城的所有街区都以不同动物物种命名/All the blocks in the old centre of Helsinki have been named after different animal species in accordance with the principle imported from Stockholm.

项目信息/Credits and Data

地点/Location: Aleksanterinkatu 14-18, Helsinki, Finland

客户/Client: City of Helsinki

主持建筑师/Principal Architects: Aki Davidsson, Hannele Storgårds

设计团队/Design Team: Aki Davidsson, Hannele Storgårds,Jaana Tarkela, Tuula Jeker

项目负责人/Principal-In-Charge: Aki Davidsson

结构设计/Structural Design: Vahanen Group

顾问/Consultants:

电气工程/Electrical Engineer: Projectus Team OY

暖通工程/HVAC Engineer: Ramboll

照明设计/Lighting Design: Cadvance

景观设计/Landscape Design: Maisemasuunnittelu Hemgård建筑历史研究/Building Historical Study: Arkkitehdit Järvinen- Nieminen

建筑保护/Building Preservation: Helsinki City Museum

总承建/General Contractor: Rakennusliike R Muhonen Oy

总建筑面积/Total Floor Area: 8860 m2

设计时间/Design Period: 2012-2016

竣工时间/Completion Time: 2016

摄影/Photos: Marko Huttunen (fig.1-4,6,9,10), Mattias Nyman ( fig.11,12)

13 剖面/Sections

14 剖面/Sections

15 剖面/Sections

1-大厅/Lobby

2-信息台/Info

3-存包处/Cloakroom

4-常设展“儿童小镇”/Permanent exhibition "Children's Town"

5-博物馆商店/Museum shop

6-咖啡厅/Café

7-档案室/Archive

8-常设展“时光机”/Permanent exhibition "Time Machine"

9-办公室/Office

10-常设展“赫尔辛基历史记忆”/Permanent exhibition "Helsinki Bites"

11-储藏室/Storage

12-阅览室/Library

13-备展间/Preparation of artefacts

14-设备间/Technical

15-节庆大厅/Festival hall

16-门厅/Foyer

17-舞台/Stage

18-通风室/Ventilation room

19-展览空间/Exhibition space

20-供应商储藏室/Market vendor's storerooms

评委评语

张利：当今城市建筑设计中的一个重要取向是“去视觉化”，试图真正把文化，特别是不同时代的文化混杂在一起——也就是形成真正的“hybridity”。此项目就是一个相当好的例子。建筑有意避免了任何可能的同时性的形象，而是让人们注意到在这个城市的中心区域凝聚的深厚的历史信息。空间系统本身是复杂而丰富的，是一种恰如其分的尊重历史的方式。

Jury Statement

ZHANG Li: One pursuit of contemporary urban design is the removal of the dominance of the visual.Through a genuine layering of historical information, a true "hybridity" can be achieved. This project is such an example. The total absence of any simultaneous image is a key to the success of a sophisticated, deep spatial experience which brings any visitor to a compelling tour in time.