■江苏省南通市海门区东洲中学 陈秋霞
《英语新课程标准》提出:“学生的发展是英语课程的出发点和归宿,英语课程在目标设定、教学过程、课程评价和教学资源的开发等方面都突出了以学生为主体的思想。”在传统的平行班中,学生的英语学习能力、学习习惯和学习成绩高低不同,班级中两极分化现象也是屡见不鲜,任课教师也时常为了教学进度,只能顾及中等及以上的学生,而英语学困生常常被忽视;在分层教学的班级中这个问题可以得到很好地解决,以下就是笔者通过英语A层(英语学习能力较弱的学生)、B层(英语学习能力中等的学生)和C层(英语学习能力较强的学生)教学学案(八年级上册Unit5 Task)设计案例分析,来谈谈作为英语教师如何实施分层教学,促进不同层次学生的英语学习能力和运用能力的提高。
学习目标是整个英语课堂内容和活动安排的基础,教师在制定学习目标之前,应该先进行学情分析,即对学生的原有基础和学习能力进行分析,然后再制定符合学生实际情况的学习目标。那么利用分层教学设置学习目标便可以很好地满足这一点。
A层:By the end of the lesson,students should be able to:1.read and memorize some useful words;2.write an article about a report on an animal in danger according to the notes.
B层:By the end of the lesson,students should be able to:1.read and memorize some words and useful expressions;2.organize ideas by making notes;3.write an article about a report on an animal in danger;4.know some writing skills.
C层:By the end of the lesson,students should be able to:1.collect some useful information before writing;2.organize ideas by making notes;3.write an article about a report on an animal in danger and act to protect wild animals;4.know some writing skills.
由以上学案案例中的学习目标设置可见,A层学生的学习目标是掌握书本上的基础知识和基本技能;B层学生的学习目标是理解、运用基础知识和培养英语学习技能;C层学生的学习目标着重于拓展运用和英语综合能力的提高。
学习过程是学生在教学情境中通过与教师、同学以及教学信息的相互作用获得知识、技能和态度的过程,它是英语学习的主阵地。分层教学学习过程的安排是根据不同层次学生的学习能力进行“私人订制”,帮助各种能力的学生在英语方面得到最大程度的发展和提高。
Step One:Pre-task
A层:Play a guessing game to review something about wild animals we have learnt.
B层:Watch a video about wild animals and tell some names of them.
C层:1.Watch a video about all kinds of wild animals and write down some names of them.2.Listen to the record and fill in the blanks to complete the notes on bears.
Step Two:While-task
A层:1.Look at some pictures and learn some new words and phrases.2.Read the words and phrases in groups.3.Read the notes on bears and answer some questions.4.Complete Simon’s report and talk in groups to check the answers.5.Check the answers together and read the report after the tape.6.Write a report on pandas according to the notes and correct the report.
B层:1.Read notes and answer some questions.2.Make a dialogue to talk about bears.3.Complete Simon’s report and check the answers.4.Watch a video and discuss some questions.5.Write a report on pandas,wolves or tigers.(1)Make some notes.(2)Write a report.(3)Correct the report and give stars and marks.
C层:1.Make sentences with words or phrases.2.Complete Simon’s report and check the answers.3.Know how to write a report.
Step Three:Post-task
A层:Read the reports on pandas.
B层:Show some good reports and which is the best.
C层:Show some good reports and talk about how to ask more people to love animals.
由以上学案案例中的学习过程安排可见,A层学生注重基础知识的掌握和巩固,任务设置较简单,根据提纲写作是该层学生力所能及的,以这样的课程设置增强他们的写作信心,从而进步激发他们学习的参与性和积极性。B层学生在掌握基础知识的同时,教师还要求他们对文本有进一步的思考和掌握一定的写作技巧。C层学生更注重写作技巧的学习和对课外相关知识的拓展,从而拓宽学生的知识面和对学习技能技巧的掌握,提高学生的语言实际运用能力。
课后作业是课堂的延伸和拓展,很好地帮助学生复习课堂中的基础知识和巩固习得的基本技能。
A层:1.Read and memorize the new words and phrases.2.Read Simon’s and your own reports correctly.
B层:1.Read and memorize the new words and phrases.2.Memories Simon’s report.3.Complete your report and make it better.
C层:1.Memories Simon’s report.2.Make your report perfect and put it on the wall.3.Put your writing on your WeChat to ask more people to protect wild animals.
由以上学案案例中的课后作业布置可见,分层教学可以根据不同层次的学生布置分层的课后作业,让各个层次的学生都能在自己的能力范围内完成作业,既保持了学生对学习英语的自信心,又能激发学生的求知欲和潜在能力。
通过八年级上册“Unit5 Task”的学案可见,分层教学能真正做到因材施教,根据学生的实际知识掌握情况和运用知识的能力高低来进行针对性的教学,让基础薄弱的学生也能积极参与课堂,成为学习真正的主人;让基础一般的学生也能成为教师关注的焦点,提升自我存在感;让能力较强的学生不满足于现状,有更高的追求,从而大大地提高他们的能力。