优质护理干预对妊娠剧吐患者留置针引发静脉炎发生几率以及睡眠质量的影响

蒋晓娟

摘要 目的：觀察优质护理干预对降低妊娠剧吐患者留置针引发静脉炎发生几率以及睡眠质量的影响作用。方法：选取2019年2月至2019年10月厦门市妇幼保健院收治的妊娠剧吐患者80例作为研究对象，随机分为观察组和对照组，每组40例。对照组采用传统改善前的护理方式，观察组采用改善后的护理方式，观察2组患者留置针引发静脉炎发生几率以及睡眠质量的影响。结果：观察组患者的优质护理干预可有效降低静脉炎的发生以及其引发的疼痛，观察组中发生0级、1级疼痛的患者人数显著高于对照组，发生2级、3级疼痛的患者人数显著低于对照组，2组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组优质护理后静脉炎发生率为12.5%，显著低于对照组的82.5%，2组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：通过调整静脉点注药物顺序以及改变点滴方式，辅助患者及其家属进行良好心理建设，点滴后于留置针的肢体外敷马铃薯片的优质护理方式可有效降低妊娠剧吐患者因留置针引发的静脉炎几率，改善其点滴体验并有效提升患者睡眠质量，极大有利于患者的身心健康。

关键词 留置针;静脉炎;优质护理;睡眠质量

Effect of High Quality Nursing Intervention on Incidence of Phlebitis Caused by Indwresting Needle and Sleep Quality in Patients with Hyperemesis Gravidarum

JIANG Xiaojuan1，2

（1 Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital，Xiamen 361000，China; 2 Women′s and Children′s Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University，Xiamen 361000，China）

Abstract Objective：To observe the effect of quality nursing intervention on reducing the incidence of phlebitis caused by indwelling needle and sleep quality in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum.Methods：A total of 80 patients with hyperemesis gravidarum admitted to Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital from February to October 2019 were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into observation group and control group，with 40 patients in each group.The control group adopted the traditional nursing mode before improvement，while the observation group adopted the nursing mode after improvement.The incidence of phlebitis caused by indwelling needle and the influence of sleep quality were observed in the two groups.Results：Observation group of patients with high-quality nursing intervention can effectively reduce the occurrence of phlebitis and the cause of pain，0，1 in observation group had a significantly higher number of patients with pain，level 2，level 3 pain occurs in the number of patients was significantly lower than the control group，two groups compare the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）; The incidence of phlebitis after quality nursing in the observation group was 12.5%，significantly lower than 82.5% in the control group，and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant（P<0.05）.Conclusion：By adjusting the intravenous drip medicine order and change the way a bit，good psychological assist patients and their relatives，needle body topical potato chips after intravenous drip of high quality nursing mode can effectively reduce the hyperemesis gravidarum patients with indwelling needle phlebitis caused by chance，to improve the intravenous drip experience and enhance the patients′ sleep quality，greatly beneficial to the patient′s physical and mental health.

3 讨论

留置针虽然其套管柔软、不易穿破血管等优点广泛应用于临床，但留置针往往在较长一段时间内留存于患者体内，加上妊娠剧吐患者的静滴药物都是高渗溶液，不当使用常常会引发静脉炎[1]，进而增加患者的痛苦，延长输液时间[2-3]，影响患者睡眠质量，不仅在身心上影响患者的健康，无形中也增加了护士的工作量和医疗支出[4]。

留置针引发静脉炎的原因主要包括留置针在使用过程中引发的物理机械损伤、药物成分因素以及医护人员的穿刺熟练程度不够等。由于针对妊娠剧吐患者采用的静脉输液药物多具有浓度高、刺激性大的特点（比如氯化钾、复方氨基酸、脂肪乳）[3，5-6]除了通过提升医护人员穿刺熟练程度，我们还可以通过减少不必要的物理机械损伤，优化点滴药物的输液顺序以及输液方式将静脉炎的发病率和疼痛程度尽可能降到最低。

本研究通过对临床上妊娠剧吐患者采取不同的护理方式证明：规范的留置针操作技术、针对病患良好的心理疏导、两路输液方式配合优化的药物输液顺序以及静脉注射后采用外敷马铃薯切片可以显著降低静脉炎的发病率[7]，降低静脉炎引发的疼痛，从而延长留置针的使用时间，缩短静脉注射时间，为病患提供了充足的休息时间，显著改善了妊娠剧吐患者的身心健康，值得临床推广。

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