浅谈英语阅读教学中培养学生的创新性思维策略

许贵祥

（江苏省海安市教师发展中心，江苏海安 226600）

引 言

传统的阅读教学尤其注重对文本主题的把握。教师应想方设法在教学中引导学生置身文本，与故事中的人物生活处在同一活动空间，切身感受“身边”人物的喜怒哀乐，勇于表达自己独特的理解和思想。这种设计能使学生自主阅读、独立思维和大胆创造，产生一个新的思想[1]。教师再辅之以巧妙点拨，久而久之，自会培养学生良好的阅读习惯和创新思维品质。

一、角色换位，让思维多元

学生通过角色换位，以不同的身份从不同的角度出发设身处地地看待作品中的人或事，可以发现作品中的新意蕴。

Many years ago,I had my first chance to travel to Russia.“Russians are a very polite people.”I had been told before my arrival.One of my friends explained that a gentleman will pour the lemonade for the ladies and show other good manners.

Toward the end of my three-week trip,I was invited by my Russian friend Nicolai Vasilevich and his wife Yulya out to dinner.At the end of a wonderful meal,Yulya asked if I would like a banana.I politely declined and thanked her,and explained I was most satisfi ed with the meal.But my mind was racing:“What should I do? Should I offer her a banana though they are as close to her as they are to me?What is the polite thing to do?”

“Would you like a banana?”I asked Yulya.

“Yes,”she smiled,but didn't try to take any of the three bananas in the fruit basket.

“Which one would you like?”I asked again.

“That one,”she pointed at one of the bananas.So thinking about Russian politeness,I picked the banana Yulya had pointed at and peeled it half way and handed it to her.Smiles on Yulya's and Nicolai's faces told me I had done the right thing.Alter this experience,I spent much time letting the world know that in Russia,the polite thing was to peel bananas for ladies.

However,sometime during my third trip I learned I was wrong.

“Oh no,David,”a Russian politely corrected me.“In Russia,when a man peels a banana for a lady,it means he has a romantic interest in her.”How embarrassed I felt.

So to communicate properly with people of different cultures,we should watch carefully how people of the same culture communicate with each other.Besides,don't be afraid of asking questions about their culture.

1.Before his first visit to Russia,the writer learned Russian gentlemen are polite to_________.

A.foreigners

B.strangers

C.friends

D.women

2.The underlined word“peeled”in Paragraph 6 means“_________”.

A.took the skin off something

B.put something hack

C.made something clean

D.cut something in two

3.Which of the following seems to be true according to the passage?

A.The writer's third trip lasted about three weeks.

B.Russian gentlemen never peel bananas for ladies.

C.The writer tried to follow Russians' behavior in Russia.

D.Yulya was pleased with the writer's behavior but Nicolai wasn't.

4.The writer wrote the passage mainly to___________.

A.show us how polite Russian people are

B.tell us his funny experience in Russia

C.ask us to care about cultural differences

D.remind us what we should do in Russia

教学这一阅读理解时，笔者除了安排学生完成上述题目外，还要求学生结合自身的阅读感悟，尝试站在不同的角度为本次阅读篇章拟定一个题目。每拟一个新的标题，就意味着学生获得了一个新的视角、一种新的解读，极大地推动了学生创新思维的提升。

二、推断假设，让思维拓深

阅读中，推断假设是人们对文学作品情节或人物结局走向进行的一种修改。

Wonder is the story about a ten-year-old boy named Auggie.He has deformities（畸形）of his face and looks very different from other children.In the street,people look at Auggie and his appearance shock them.

Auggie has never been to school because he has spent a lot of time in hospital.When he is ten,his mother thinks he should go to school.At fi rst,Auggie doesn't want to go.He worries that other students will look at him and say horrible things.But when he visits a school with his mum,he likes the head teacher and decides to go.Auggie makes some good friends but other children are horrible to him.At the end of year,Auggie goes on a school trip and a frightening event there changes things completely.

Wonder is an excellent book.Once I started reading it,I didn't want to stop.It is easy to like Auggie.He has a good sense of humor.But the book isn't just about Auggie.We learn what life is like for his sister,and his friend Jack.Wonder is a book about a ten-year-old boy,but it's popular with people of all ages.

教学这一阅读理解时，笔者致力于促使学生发掘故事背后的真正内涵，引导学生进一步推断假设：If Auggie hadn't met a good head teacher,what would have happened to him?对此，学生纷纷表达他们的认识与看法。

三、逆向思考，让思维独特

阅读中，教师要善于制造一种矛盾，引导学生对作品进行逆向阅读分析，触发学生的阅读求知欲和探索欲，培养学生质疑的品质和“不唯上、不唯书”的科学精神[2]。

One day a man found a cocoon of a butterfly in the forest.He sat there for several hours and watched the butterfl y.Suddenly a small hole appeared,and the butterfly tries to make its body through that little hole.Then it seemed to stop making any progress.It appeared as if it could not go on coming out.

So the man decided to help the butterfly.He cut off the rest of the cocoon so that the butterfly could come out easily.But to his surprise,the butterfly got a heavy body and very small wings when it came out of the cocoon.

The man continued to watch the butterfly because he expected that the body would grow smaller at any moment and the wings would become larger and be able to fl y.But neither happened!In fact,the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling around with a heavy body and small wings.It was never able to fl y.

The man was in his kindness,but he did not understand the nature rules.Before the butterfly came out of the cocoon,fluid from its body must be made into its wings,and then it would be ready for flying.It must have been a hard struggle to get through the small opening to get its freedom from the cocoon.

If life allowed us to go through our life without any difficulties,it would make us fail.We would not be as strong as we could have been;we could never“fl y”in our life.

根据短文内容判断正、误（注意：正确的填“A”，错误的填“B”）。

（1）A butterfly was struggling to get out of its cocoon at the beginning.( )

（2）The man cut off the rest of the cocoon to kill the butterfly.( )

结 语

总之，教师要尽可能多地挖掘能激发学生创新思维的素材，营造自由宽松的氛围，引导学生在慎思、明辨的前提下破旧立新、推陈出新，这样学生的思维才能深刻而独特。