白树，蒙彼利埃，法国

建筑设计：藤本壮介建筑设计事务所，尼古拉斯·莱斯内，迪米特里·鲁塞尔，OXO建筑师事务所

Architects: Sou Fujimoto Architects, Nicolas Laisné, Dimitri Roussel, OXO Architectes

起源独特的项目

2013年，蒙彼利埃市议会发起了一项名为“Folie Richter”的竞赛。竞赛旨在征集一个标志性的塔楼方案以丰富城市的建筑传统。任务书强调，这个宏大的项目必须能够融入其周边环境，同时需要涵盖一系列商业及居住空间。导则还清楚地指出：市政厅想要年轻建筑师及有经验的团队……

马纳尔·拉赫迪和尼古拉斯·莱斯内是两位都创办了独立事务所的建筑师，他们决定拜访日本建筑师藤本壮介。虽然在建筑的表现方式上迥然不同，但他们三位设计的出发点都是从自然当中汲取灵感。在本项目中，三者的愿景相辅相成。

为推动此项目，马纳尔·拉赫迪、尼古拉斯·莱斯内及年轻的合作伙伴迪米特里·鲁塞尔于2013年夏天飞往东京。他们在藤本的工作室里闭门不出，紧锣密鼓地讨论了整整5天。

玛丽·迪·法兰丝是藤本壮介建筑设计事务所合伙人，也是事务所法国分部的现任负责人。她在整个过程中发挥了核心作用，促进了东京与巴黎团队之间的沟通和交流。大家围坐在一张摆满图纸和铅笔的桌子旁，在一种开放、轻松的气氛中绘制草图。

为了探讨标志性塔楼的新形式，设计团队立足于人体尺度，在建筑的底层及顶层都设置了一系列公共空间：首层是一个借由玻璃墙体限定出的空间，通向街道，屋顶设有一个对公众开放的酒吧和一个专为住户设计的公共空间。因此，即使底层的住户也能像高层的住户一样，享有绝美的景观视野。

一个促进户外生活的建筑壮举

该项目最与众不同的是它的设计。这支由3个建筑事务所组成的设计团队受到树木的启发，设计了一座巨型树状住宅。阳台从建筑主体上疯狂地向外延伸，营造出一系列遮阳空间，遮蔽着建筑主体立面。对建筑周边环境及当地生活方式的关注与考量贯穿着设计的始终。

许许多多的阳台和藤架不仅丰富了住户们的户外生活，更让他们彼此建立了一种新型的邻里关系。每套公寓都拥有至少7m2的室外空间（最大空间为35m2），私密性和布局各不相同。复式公寓则设有两个室外阳台，住户可以通过楼梯从一个阳台直接去往另一个。因此，为了让公寓都能拥有全方位赏心悦目的景观视野，建筑师们通过3D实体模型及一系列实验性的空间，描绘出了一幅未来居住模式的蓝图。

这个白色巨树项目还有许多技术方面的创新点，其中，露台悬挑长度达7.5m，堪称世界第一。这些特殊的外部空间可以连接到室内，使得居民在室内外都可以生活。对于一个80%的时间都沐浴在阳光下的城市来说，这是一种享受。

气候适应性成为建筑的组成部分

阳台最大限度地利用了室外空间，正如向阳奋力生长的树叶一样，这些宽敞的阳台也为回应南部地区生态要求，提供了环境解决方案。它们在立面形成了有效遮蔽，不仅能够提供必要的遮阳，还能将风分散到各个空间，从而更好地组织建筑的自然通风。

1 首层平面/Level 1 plan

2 九层平面/Level 9 plan

3 十七层平面/Level 17 plan

4 外景/Exterior view

面向所在城市及其住户的包容性塔楼

在这个多功能塔楼的开发项目中，建筑师采用了一种全新的设计理念。为了提高其可达性，从前期讨论开始，建筑师就聚焦于公共空间的设计，如沿着莱兹河设置一个景观公园，将塔楼面向公众开放。

这座17层的塔楼完全参与到了城市生活当中，其设计旨在让蒙彼利埃地区内的所有市民都能够进入其内部空间。塔楼底层设有一个艺术画廊，屋顶还有一个与360°全景花园相连的酒吧。这种设计理念增强了人们对于这座塔楼的归属感，它不仅成为蒙彼利埃人的骄傲，更成为一个家喻户晓的旅游景点。□（天妮 译）

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Clients: Opalia, Promeo Patrimoine, Evolis Promotion et Crédit Agricole Immobilier Languedoc-Roussillon, GSA Réalisation (Delegated contractor)

功能/Program: 住宅（113户），艺术画廊，餐厅及全景

酒吧/Residential (113 homes), art gallery, restaurant and panoramic bar

建筑设计/Architects: Sou Fujimoto Architects, Nicolas Laisné, Dimitri Roussel, OXO Architectes

Marie-Laure Coste-Grange (项目经理/project management)

结构监管/Construction Works Management: CAP Conseil, icK

景观设计/Landscape Designer: Now Here Studio

工程/Engineering: André Verdier (结构/Structure),ARGETEC (流体/Fluids), Franck Boutté Consultants (环境/Environmental), VPEAS (造价/Cost management), Relief GE (测量，道路和服务/Surveying, Roads and services), Les Eclaireurs (照明/Lighting), SOCOTEC (检测/Inspection),Efectis (防火/Fire performance)

子承包商/Subcontractors: Fondeville (Carcass), Languedoc Etanchéité, SPCM (钢结构/Steel structure), CIPRES (立面/Façades), ENGIE (电力/Electricity), Midi-Thermique (暖通/HVAC)

表面积/Surface: 10,225 m2

预算/Budget: 税前€20.5M/€20.5M before tax

摄影/Photos: Iwan Baan

A Unique Project Since Its Origin

In 2013, Montpellier city council launched the"Folie Richter" competition. It sought to identify a blueprint for a beacon tower to enrich the city's architectural heritage. The RFP stressed the desire for a bold project that had to fit into its environment and include shops and homes. The brief was clear:the city hall wanted a team made up of a young architect working with an experienced colleague...

Manal Rachdi and Nicolas Laisné, who each run their own practices, decided to call on the Japanese architect Sou Fujimoto. All three of them seek inspiration in nature even if they express it in very different ways. For this project, these three visions would be mutually enriching.

To get the project off the ground, Manal Rachdi, Nicolas Laisné and his young partner Dimitri Roussel flew to Tokyo in summer 2013. For five days, they shut themselves away in Fujimoto's studio for intensive workshop sessions.

Marie de France, a partner architect and current head of Sou Fujimoto's practice in France,was central to the process, facilitating dialogue between the Tokyo and Paris teams. Sitting around a table with paper and pencils, they began to draw in an open and informal atmosphere.

To reinvent the tower, the architects focused on the human dimension, creating public spaces at the bottom and top of the building: the ground floor is a glass-walled space opening out onto the street,while on the roof there is a bar open to the public and a common area for residents, so that even the owners of first-floor apartments can enjoy the view.

An Architectural Feat that Promotes Outdoor Living

But what sets the project apart is its design.The three architectural practices devised a building inspired by a tree, with balconies that branch off the trunk and shades that sprout out of and protect its façades. The attention was paid to its setting, and to local lifestyles, guiding the architects throughout the design phase.

The many balconies and pergolas really do promote outdoor living and enable a new type of relationship between residents. Each apartment boasts an outdoor space of at least 7 m² (the largest is 35 m²), with multiple levels of privacy and layout options; residents of the duplex apartments can move from one balcony to the other. So that all apartments have pleasing views, the architects sculpted the blueprint with a series of spatial experiments using physical 3D models.

The many technical innovations of L'Arbre Blanc include the terraces, whose cantilevers up to 7.5 metre-long constitute a world record. These exceptional outside spaces are fully-fledged living rooms which are connected to the dwellings in such a way as to allow residents to live inside and outside, a luxury for a city bathed in sunshine 80% of the year!

Climatic Adaptability Built into the Architecture

The proportions of the balconies emphasis this aim to embrace the outdoors, as do the leaves that fold out in search of the sunlight. These generous balconies are also a response to the need for environmental solutions closely tailored to the "ecology of the south".Forming an effective protective veil for the façade, they provide the necessary shade and break up skew winds to help air circulate more harmoniously.

A Private Tower with a Generous Attitude Towards the City and Its People

The architects adopted a new take on tower living for this mixed-use development. To cure inaccessible tower syndrome, from the earliest discussions there was a real focus on public space,including extending a landscaped park along the Lez River and opening the tower up to the public.

The seventeen-storey building is a full participant in city life, aiming first and foremost to be accessible to all the people of Montpellier, with an art gallery on the ground floor and a rooftop bar linked to a panoramic garden. By allowing people to take physical ownership of the tower, it will become an object of pride for the people of Montpellier, and a tourist attraction.

5.6 阳台轴测图/Axonometric of balconies

7 悬挑达7.5m的阳台/Balconies cantilever up to 7.5 m

8 阳台丰富了住户们的户外生活/Balconies promote outdoor living of the residents

评论

龙灏：本项目中阳台设计的成果是一个思考技术能力、地域文脉、居住需求、建设目标等几乎所有建筑设计基本要素的好案例。当代建筑技术的发展几乎可以实现任何人类想象得出来的建造，因此本案阳台的大悬挑并没有太大技术难度。在地域文脉方面，也许对室内遮阳、享受户外阳光和景观的追求是当地建筑的某种传统，项目的设计算得上呼应或适应了这样的需求。

然而，就居住建筑设计原理的基本要求而言，阳台一般被列为“半私密半公共空间”，而本设计显然是公共有余而私密不足，不仅阳台上本身的活动基本不具备私密性，深远的出挑甚至还在视线上可能对下层住户造成困扰——既有室内活动被“围观”之虞，也有室内望向室外时被错落的深远阳台分割的凌乱画面。就建设目标来说，本设计固然建成了满足项目招标要求的“标志性塔楼”，但“融入周边环境”呢？设计从“自然当中汲取灵感”而取名“白树”，建成的观感更像“树”还是“刺猬”？也许，建筑之美本无定论，见仁见智而已。

青锋：能在简单的理念中挖掘出超常的潜能，这印证了建筑师的敏锐。虽然设计者倾向于把这个塔楼比喻成树，但它更容易让人联想起格罗皮乌斯在德绍包豪斯校舍宿舍部分设置的出挑阳台。将这两个项目进行比较，令人慨叹，同样的理念竟然可以从可有可无的构成性元素转变为名副其实的空中庭院。同样奇妙的是，这种做法在技术上其实并没有什么难度。越是基本的概念，越是能影响更多的实践。4位建筑师的合作撼动了我们对阳台的常规认知，他们所带来的可能性可能是比这座建筑更为重要的遗产。

9 所有公寓都享有全方位的景观视野/All apartments have pleasing views

10 复式公寓的两个阳台通过室外楼梯连接/Two balconies of the duplex apartments are connected by outside stair

11 剖面/Section

Comments

LONG Hao: The result of balcony design in this project is a good case for thinking about almost all the basic elements of architectural design, including technique, regional context, residential needs and construction objectives. The development of contemporary architectural technology can realise almost any construction that humans can imagine,hence the large cantilever of the balcony in this case is not a big technical difficulty. In terms of regional context, the pursuit of the indoor sunshading and the enjoyment of sunshine and landscape outside are perhaps a tradition of local architecture, and the design of the project can be regarded as echoing or adapting to such needs.

However, as far as the basic requirements of residential buildings' design principles are concerned, the balcony is generally classified as a "semi-private and semi-public space", while this design is obviously "more public than private". Not only is doing activities on the balcony basically without privacy, the far-reaching overhang can even be visually disturbing to lower level occupants – the indoor activities will be seen by "onlookers", while the long balcony will create messy views when looking out from the inside. In terms of the construction objectives, the design is certainly built to meet the requirements of the project – a "landmark tower", but where is the concept of "integrating into the surrounding environment"? The design is "inspired by nature", yet the name "white tree" looks more like a "tree"or a "hedgehog". Perhaps the beauty of architecture is a matter of opinion. (Translated by Dandan Wang)

QING Feng: The ability to tap into extraordinary potential in simple ideas is a testament to an architect's acumen.Although the designer tends to liken the tower to a tree,it is more reminiscent of Gropius's projecting balconies of the dormitory of the Bauhaus school in Dessau. Comparing the two projects, it is exclamatory that the same concept could be transformed from a dispensable constructional element to a veritable hanging courtyard. Moreover, it is amazing that this is not technically difficult. The more basic the concept is, the more it can influence the practice.The collaboration of the four architects has shaken our conventional perception of balconies, and the possibilities they bring may be a more significant legacy than this building itself. (Translated by Dandan Wang)