巧用修辞手法，助力细节描写

余爱香

在续写中若能适当运用比喻、拟人、夸张、排比等修辞手法进行细节描写，将能加强文章的表现力和感染力。在平时学习中，掌握修辞手法并学会灵活运用是提高读后续写的关键。

高中阶段常用的英语修辞手法有：明喻、暗喻、拟人、夸张、排比等。本期我们将学习修辞手法之明喻。

一、明喻（simile）

常用like， as， as...as， as if，as though，seem或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。基本格式是：本体+比喻词+喻体。例如：The USA is like a big melting pot where immigrants of different cultures or races form an integrated society. 其中，The USA是本体，喻体是melting pot， 比喻词是like， 喻体和本体的相似之处都是拥有“包容”的特点。

二、赏析课文经典句子

1. Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice.（选自M1U3）

句意：我们的腿又重又冷，感觉像是冰块。

分析：该句中把腿比喻成为冰块，生动形象地描述出腿的沉重和寒冷以及走路的艰辛。

2. The lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.（选自M1U3）

句意：湖水在落日的阳光下像玻璃一样闪耀，看起来棒极了。

分析：该句中把湖水比喻为玻璃，描写出了湖水的清澈和平静以及它的美。

3. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.（选自M1U4）

句意：砖块像红色的秋叶一样覆盖着地面。

分析：该句中把砖块比喻成红色秋叶，描写出了砖块的颜色。

4. Why， look at him. He eats like a wolf.（选自M3U3）

句意：为什么，看看他！他吃得像只狼。

分析：该句中把“他”比喻为狼，生动形象地描写出了“他”此刻的饥肠辘辘。

5. The country， covered with cherry tree flowers， looks as though it is covered with pink snow.（选自M3U1）

句意：这个国家，覆盖着樱花，看起来好像被粉红色的雪覆盖着。

分析：该句中把cherry tree flowers比喻为pink snow，描写出了樱花的美。

6. Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut.（选自M4U2）

句意：很久以前，袁博士曾梦想过像高粱一样高的水稻植物。每株稻谷的穗像玉米的穗一样大;每粒稻谷像每粒花生一样大。

分析：把rice plants比喻为sorghum， 把稻穗比喻为玉米穗，把稻谷比喻为花生，生动形象地表达了想象的美好。

7. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.（選自M4U3）

句意：查理先挑出鞋带，然后吃它们，好像它们是意大利面一样。

分析：把鞋带比喻为意大利面，生动形象地刻画出查理的滑稽可笑。

8. Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak.（选自M4U3）

句意：然后，他切断了鞋的皮革顶部，仿佛它是最好的牛排。

分析：把皮革比喻为牛排，生动形象地刻画出查理的滑稽可笑。

三、小牛试刀

请用明喻修辞手法改写下列句子。

1. 湖水非常蓝。The lakes are very blue.（look like）

湖水很蓝，看起来像蓝丝带。

→_______________________________________________

2. 夜晚，天空寒冷而晴朗，星星看起来棒极了。

At night the skies are cold and clear， and the stars look wonderful.（shine like）

夜晚，天空寒冷而晴朗，星星像钻石一样闪耀。

→_______________________________________________

3. 漓江的水真绿啊！

The water of the Li River is really green.

漓江的水真绿啊！绿得仿佛那是一块无瑕的翡翠。（as if/though）

→_______________________________________________

4. 他骑得很快。

He rode very fast.

他骑得很快，像一匹脱缰的野马。（like）

→_______________________________________________

5. 男孩看到面前如此多的人，非常紧张。

When seeing so many people in front of him， the boy felt awfully nervous.

男孩看到面前如此多的人， 心提到嗓子眼儿上来， 浑身紧张得就像拉满了弓的弦一样。（like， as...as...）

→_______________________________________________

6. 爸爸非常生气。

My father seemed quite angry.

爸爸红着眼睛，像一头生气的豹子。（like）

→_______________________________________________

7. 志愿者的微笑让老人倍感温暖。

The volunteers smile made the old feel very warm.

志愿者们的笑容让老人感觉像冬天里的阳光一样温暖。（as ... as ... ）

→_______________________________________________

8. 青少年是祖国的希望。

Teenagers are the hope of the motherland.

青少年宛如初升的太阳，是祖国的希望。

→_______________________________________________

参考答案：

1. The lakes are so blue that they look like blue silk.

2. At night the skies are cold and clear， and the stars shine like the diamonds.

3. The water of the Li River is really green as if it were a piece of flawless jade.

4. He rode very fast， like a runaway horse without bridle.

5. When seeing so many people in front of him， the boys heart was like in his throat， and he was as tense as the strings of a bow.

6. My father had red eyes， like an angry leopard.

7. The volunteers smile made the old feel as warm as the sunlight in winter.

8. Teenagers who are like the rising sun， are the hope of the motherland.

責任编辑 蒋小青