裴书兰
阅读是语言输入,写作是语言输出,两者相互依存,密不可分。在高中英语阅读教学中,教师要注意读写结合,紧扣文本主题、词汇、句型、结构等,引导学生动笔表达,从而激活学生思维,锻炼其读写能力,提升其英语素养。
一、引导学生摘录妙词佳句,开展“仿句”训练
在阅读教学中,教师要注意引导学生结合主题归纳词块,摘录文本佳句,增加语言输入量,扩大语言储备。同时,借鉴文本语言和句型表达,加以灵活运用,展开仿写训练,进而帮助学生构建自己的写作语料库,提高学生遣词造句的能力。
比如,牛津高中英语模块1 Unit 1 School life,这一单元以“学校生活”为主题,重要词汇和短语有:earn one’s living/ on average/ Look back on /be satisfied with/ It is a struggle for sb. to do sth. /devote oneself to doing sth.等。佳句有:Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable experience for me. (能去英國的高中一年对来说是一段非常愉快和令人兴奋的经历); He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades.(他还告诉我们赢得尊重最好的办法就是致力于学习并取得高分)等。在教学过程中,笔者引导学生利用文本词汇和句型,进行了如下句子仿写:①He had many interesting experience while traveling in Shanghai.(在上海旅游时他有许多有趣的经历。)②I like to look back on my childhood. I had a good time then. (我喜欢回忆我的童年,那时我很快乐。)③It is a struggle for him to read English materials.(对他来说,读英语材料是件难事。)
二、引导学生梳理文本结构,学会谋篇布局
结构是文章的骨骼,学会如何组织文章,是学生要掌握的一种基本能力。在高中英语阅读教学中,教师要重视整体阅读,引导学生关注文本体裁,分析和提炼文本语篇结构,总结文本段落大意,梳理段落间的逻辑关系,理清文本写作思路,强化学生的篇章意识,并借鉴文本语篇结构,有效搭建写作支架,从而发展学生的逻辑思维,提高其谋篇布局的能力。
以牛津高中英语模块五 Unit 2 The environment 阅读课文“Project Climate change and a low-carbon life”为例,该文按照“Problem(问题)——Causes(原因)——Measures(措施)——Conclusion(结论)”的结构行文,为议论文写作提供了很好的模板。在分析完该篇文章后,笔者让学生参照这一语篇结构,围绕“保护环境”这一主题,写一篇议论文。有学生这样写道:The environmental pollution is more and more seriously today.(问题) Many trees are cutting down, some factories are pouring dirty air in the sky, the population is increasing faster and faster, resources are getting less and less.(原因) We must face the situation that exists and take actions to solve our environmental problems. Firstly, we should drive less, walk more, and often ride bikes or by bus. Secondly, we don’t throw away rubbish everywhere, and we should put them into the trash bin. Lastly, we should save forests and plant trees, a variety of flowers and plants.(措施) I think if everyone does something to protect the environment, our world will be much better.(结论)
三、引导学生拓展文本话题,鼓励练笔
在高中英语阅读教学中,教师还要注意拓展延伸文本话题,引导学生联系生活实际,进行练笔,大胆写出自己的阅读感受,表达自己的看法见解。这样既可以提高学生的写作能力,又可以深化学生对文本内容的理解和掌握。
例如,牛津高中英语模块6 Unit 2 What is happiness to you 阅读课文“The search for happiness”一文,是一篇电视采访,它以追求幸福为主题,以体操运动员桑兰的成长为主线,呼吁人们辩证地看待和追寻幸福,乐观坚强地面对困境和人生。该话题与学生生活息息相关。在教学完该课文后,笔者联系生活实际,拓展文本话题,设计了如下写作任务:有的人认为,幸福是衣食无忧,健康平安;有的人认为,幸福是战胜自我的心路;有的人认为,追求幸福的过程本身就是幸福。请你结合自己的生活,围绕“幸福”这一主题,写一篇小作文,谈谈自己对幸福的看法。有学生这样写道:Happiness exists everywhere. Everyone has different definitions of happiness. Some people think possessing a great deal of money is the secret to happiness, while others believe that happiness not only comes from material satisfaction but also depends on spiritual joy. In my opinion, happiness cannot be copied from each other and it is a personal feeling in our heart. A good attitude will bring us a happy feeling, and let us experience the taste of happiness.
总之,在平时的英语教学中,教师要把握读和写的关系,重视读写结合,做到以“读”带“写”,以“写”促“读”,让读写相得益彰,帮助学生实现知识向能力的转化。
(作者单位:江苏省盐城市伍佑中学)