主谓一致五注意（二）

贾杏园 李晓梦

四、主語为不定代词的主谓一致问题

主语为不定代词时，一般遵循语法一致原则，即表示单数概念的不定代词（如one， nothing， nobody，anyone等）后，谓语动词用单数形式;表示复数概念的不定代词（如many， several， both等）后，谓语动词用复数形式。

（1）Nobody knows who is in control of the club.

（2）Nothing is left on the table.

（3）Many questions are under discussion.

（4）Both of the twins are my good friends.

但是，有些不定代词，如all， most， some， any等作主语时，要遵循意义一致原则。如所指为单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式;如所指为复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。

（1）Some of the books are in the bag.

（2）Some of the tea is new.

另外，还需要特别注意的是，当不定代词either， neither， none等作主语时，一般根据语法一致原则，谓语动词用单数形式，但在非正式文体中，也可根据意义一致或就近原则，谓语动词用复数形式。

（1）Neither of them has（have）participated in the Olympic Games.

（2）None of the cures really works（work）.

五、定语从句、what从句的主谓一致问题

关于定语从句、what从句的主谓一致问题，以下几点需特别注意：

1.关系代词that， who， which在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数与该关系代词的先行词的数要保持一致。

（1）This article deals with the natural phenomenon which is most interesting to all.

（2）This is one of the books which were written by Mark Twain.

2.在“one of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句中谓语动词的数一般采用复数形式，但当one之前有the only等限定词和修饰词语时，则采用单数形式。

（1）David is one of those boys who go out of their way to be helpful.

（2） David is the only one of those boys who goes out of his way to be helpful.

3.当what从句作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常按语法一致原则采用单数形式。

What rests in your hands is the final success or failure of our course.

然而，在下列情况下，谓语动词用复数形式：

（1）在what从句作主语时的SVC（即“主语+谓语动词+表语”）结构中，如果主句的表语是复数名词时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。

What was real to him were the details of his life.

What we need are good doctors.

（2）当what从句是个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。

What I say and think are no business of yours.

巩固练习：选择括号内的正确答案完成句子。

1. The president of the college，together with the deans，（is/are）planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.

2. Neither his training nor his experience as a railway engineer（qualifies/qualify）him for his job.

3. Mr. Gilmore is one of those men who（appears/appear）to be friendly， however， it is very hard to deal with him.

4. Neither of them（wants/ want） to go to the Great Wall.

5. There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for，but which（does/do）not bring a return in money to the community.

6. The amount of pressure which the materials are subject  to（affects/affect）the quality of the products.

7. The weeds and tall grass in that yard（makes/make）the house look as if it had been vacant for quite some time.

8. Despite much research，there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that（is/are）not fully understood.

9. Just outside of the ruins（is/are）a castle surrounded by high walls and stately trees.

10. Neither my parents nor I （likes/like） playing basketball.