陈刚 林芩
【摘要】 目的:研究全產程硬膜外分娩镇痛对胎盘分泌功能的影响。方法:选择2019年1月-2020年3月在笔者所在医院进行分娩的60例产妇,将其随机分为未镇痛组(Ⅰ组)和硬膜外分娩镇痛组(Ⅱ组)。产妇于潜伏期宫口开大1~2 cm(T1)、宫口开大3~5 cm(T2)、宫口开全时(T3)、胎儿娩出即刻(T4)分别检测外周静脉血、脐静脉血及羊水中CRH、E2、Cor、P、PGE2的浓度。比较两组VAS评分及产程时间、新生儿1、5 min Apgar评分。结果:两组外周静脉血各时点、脐静脉血及羊水CRH、E2、P、PGE2浓度比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组T2、T3、T4时外周静脉血PGE2浓度均较T1时显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与T1时比较,Ⅰ组T2、T3、T4时外周静脉血Cor浓度均显著增高,Ⅱ组明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组T2、T3、T4时外周静脉血Cor浓度均显著低于Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组T2、T3、T4 VAS评分均显著低于Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组产妇产程及新生儿Apgar评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:全产程硬膜外分娩镇痛对胎盘分泌功能没有明显影响。
【关键词】 全产程 硬膜外分娩镇痛 内分泌功能 胎盘
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.17.002 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1674-6805(2020)17-000-03
Effect of Epidural Labor Analgesia on Placental Secretion Function during Full Labor/CHEN Gang, LIN Qin. //Chinese and Foreign Medical Research, 2020, 18(17): -5
[Abstract] Objective: To study the effect of epidural labor analgesia on placental secretion function during full labor. Method: A total of 60 parturients who gave birth in our hospital from January 2019 to March 2020 were selected. They were randomly divided into the non-analgesia group (group Ⅰ) and the epidural labor analgesia group (group Ⅱ). The concentrations of CRH, E2, Cor, P, and PGE2 in peripheral venous blood, umbilical venous blood, and amniotic fluid were measured at the incubation period, the opening of the uterine opening 1 to 2 cm (T1), the opening of the uterine opening 3 to 5 cm (T2), full opening of the uterine opening (T3), and immediately after labor (T4). The VAS score, labor process, Apgar score of 1 and 5 min in newborn were compared between the two groups. Result: There were no statistically significant differences in the concentrations of CRH, E2, P and PGE2 in peripheral venous blood at all time points, umbilical venous blood and amniotic fluid between the two groups (P>0.05). The concentrations of PGE2 in peripheral venous blood of both groups at T2, T3 and T4 was significantly higher than that at T1, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with T1, the concentrations of Cor in peripheral venous blood of group Ⅰ were significantly increased at T2, T3, T4, while group Ⅱ were significantly decreased, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The concentrations of Cor in peripheral venous blood of group Ⅱ were significantly lower than those of group Ⅰ at T2, T3, T4, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The VAS score of the group Ⅱ were significantly lower than those in group Ⅰ at T2, T3, T4, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in labor process and Apgar score in newborn between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Full labor epidural labor analgesia has no significant effect on placental secretion function.
[Key words] Full labor Epidural labor analgesia Endocrine function Placental
First-authors address: Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, China
大量文献已证实硬膜外分娩镇痛能安全有效地减轻产妇疼痛[1-3]。有学者认为在潜伏期行硬膜外分娩镇痛会延长产程[4-5],而有学者认为其进一步减轻产妇疼痛的同时并不延长产程[6]。研究表明,胎盘实际上是一个重要的内分泌器官,其分泌的大量激素是分娩顺利进行的决定因素[7]。共同促进了分娩的发生、发展及完成,对产程起决定作用。本研究拟在潜伏期行硬膜外分娩镇痛,探讨全产程硬膜外分娩镇痛对胎盘分泌功能的影响,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择2019年1月-2020年3月在笔者所在医院进行分娩的60例产妇,胎儿发育状况均良好,年龄20~35岁,身高155~170 cm,体重55~80 kg。纳入标准:(1)ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级初产妇;(2)均为单胎、足月、头位。排除标准:(1)产道异常等产科严重并发症;(2)重要脏器功能不全。本研究已获得笔者所在医院伦理委员会批准,患者签署相关知情同意书。应用随机数字表法将其随机分为未镇痛组(Ⅰ组),全产程硬膜外分娩镇痛组(Ⅱ组),每组30例。两组产妇一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),有可比性,见表1。
1.2 方法
Ⅰ组产妇采用自然分娩方式,不采取镇痛,分娩过程中时刻监测产妇的血压、心率及胎心率等指标,确保胎儿顺利娩出。
Ⅱ组产妇于潜伏期,宫口开大1~2 cm时,由麻醉科医生在常规消毒铺巾后,于腰椎3~4间隙进行硬膜外穿刺,回抽无脑脊液及局麻药中毒症状,头向置管4 cm,成功后注入1.2%盐酸利多卡因(湖北天圣药业有限公司,批号:20191139)4 ml,观察5 min,固定导管,接自控镇痛泵,1%罗哌卡因10 ml(宜昌人福药业有限责任公司,国药准字H20103552)+舒芬太尼50 μg(宜昌人福药业有限责任公司,国药准字H20054172)用0.9%氯化钠注射液稀释至100 ml,首剂量6~8 ml,持续泵入量6~8 ml/h,镇痛泵冲击剂量设为3 ml,锁定时间15 min,产妇镇痛不满意时,可按微量泵入键给药,麻醉平面控制在T10以下。
1.3 观察指标及评价标准
产妇于潜伏期,宫口开大1~2 cm(T1)、宫口开3~5 cm(T2)、宫口开全时(T3)、胎儿娩出即刻(T4)抽取母体静脉血12 ml,胎儿娩出后留取无菌羊水12 ml,抽取12 ml脐静脉血,按检测说明书要求收集并储存在-70 ℃冰箱待检。采用ELSA法分别检测促皮质激素释放激素(CRH)、雌激素(E2)、皮质醇(Cor)、孕激素(P)、前列腺素(PGE2)在脐静脉血、外周静脉血及羊水中的浓度,所有操作均严格按试剂盒说明书进行。分别记录两组产妇视觉模拟评分(VAS):使用一条长约10 cm的标尺,标有10个刻度,两端分别为“0”分端和“10”分端,总分为0~10分。0分表示无痛,10分代表最剧烈的疼痛,产妇根据自己的疼痛进行打分。记录产程时间、新生儿1、5 min Apgar评分。Apgar评分:0~3分,严重窒息;4~7分,中度窒息,但心率正常;8~10分,正常新生儿。
1.4 统计学处理
本研究数据采用SPSS 26.0统计学软件进行分析和处理,计量资料以(x±s)表示,采用t检验,计数资料以率(%)表示,采用字2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组VAS评分比较
Ⅱ组T2、T3、T4时VAS评分均显著低于Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),见表2。
2.2 两组产程及新生儿Apgar评分比较
两组产妇产程及新生儿Apgar评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表3。
2.3 两组外周静脉血中激素浓度比较
与T1时比较,T2、T3、T4时Ⅰ组外周静脉血Cor浓度明显增高(P<0.05),Ⅱ组明显降低(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组T2、T3、T4时外周静脉血Cor浓度显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。T2、T3、T4时两组外周静脉血PGE2浓度均较T1时显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组各时点外周静脉血CRH、PGE2、P及E2浓度比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表4。
2.4 两组脐静脉血清及羊水中激素浓度比较
两组脐静脉血清及羊水中激素浓度指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表5。
3 讨论
胎盘合成及分泌的CRH,与分娩启动关系密切[8],是决定分娩启动的因素之一。其既可通过旁分泌途径刺激胎盘滋养叶细胞合成释放P和E2[9],刺激PGE2释放,间接加强子宫收缩,还可直接作用于子宫平滑肌细胞的CRH受体,促进子宫收缩。本研究结果显示,随分娩進程,两组产妇外周静脉血各时点,脐静脉血及羊水CRH浓度比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),说明全产程硬膜外分娩镇痛,并没有影响胎盘对CRH的分泌。同时也证明,对胎盘分泌P和E2也没有影响。
Cor是主要的反映应激水平的激素之一。当应激反应时,Cor会明显升高。本研究结果显示,与T1时比较,T2、T3、T4时Ⅰ组产妇外周静脉血Cor浓度显著增高(P<0.05),Ⅱ组明显降低(P<0.05)。T2、T3、T4时Ⅱ组外周静脉血Cor浓度显著均低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),但两组Cor浓度在脐静脉血及羊水中比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。表明全产程硬膜外分娩镇痛,显著减轻了产妇分娩过程中的应激反应强度。两组脐静脉血及羊水中Cor浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),表明外周静脉血Cor浓度的变化并没有影响胎盘组织的Cor浓度,推测可能的原因是:胎儿的分泌是胎盘组织Cor的主要来源。