付雯琴 宓轶群 薛美 山萍
摘 要 目的:观察“筋穴”导气针法结合电针对肝肾亏虚型早、中期膝骨关节炎(KOA)的临床疗效。方法:收集2018年6月1日至2019年1月30日就诊于上海市徐汇区长桥街道社区卫生服务中心的肝肾亏虚型KOA患者40例,随机分为治疗组和对照组各20例。治疗组采用“筋穴”导气针法结合电针,对照组采用针刺假穴法结合电针。两组留针时间为20 min,隔日1次,10次为1个疗程,共2个疗程。比较治疗前、治疗后45 d及治疗后6个月的骨性关节炎指数(WOMAC)评分,并用8公尺行走试验及5次坐立试验评价膝关节运动功能。结果:两组治疗后45 d的WOMAC评分均下降(P均<0.01),膝部疼痛评分、进行日常活動评分的组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗后45 d治疗组的8公尺行走试验及5次坐立试验所用时间均较治疗前缩短(P均<0.01),而对照组仅5次坐立试验所用时间缩短(P<0.01)。6个月随访,两组间WOMAC评分差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01);两组5次坐立试验所用时间与治疗后45 d比较均有下降(P<0.01),且组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:“筋穴”导气针法结合电针治疗肝肾亏虚型早、中期KOA,患者WOMAC评分、膝关节运动功能均有明显改善。
关键词 膝骨关节炎;肝肾亏虚;筋穴;导气针法;六步健膝法
中图分类号:R246.9 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2020)16-0030-03
Observation of clinical therapeutic effect of qi-guiding acupuncture method at “tendon acupoint” combined with electro-acupuncture in the treatment of early and middle knee osteoarthritis
FU Wenqin1, MI Yiqun2, XUE Mei1, SHAN Ping1(1. Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Changqiao Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District, Shanghai 200231, China; 2. Acupuncture Department of Traumatology of Sixth Peoples Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To observe the clinical effect of qi-guiding acupuncture method at “tendon acupoint” combined with electro-acupuncture in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis(KOA) in early and middle stage of deficiency of liver and kidney. Methods: From June 1, 2018 to January 30, 2019, 40 KOA patients with deficiency of liver and kidney were collected from Changqiao Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District, Shanghai, and randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group with 20 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with qi-guiding acupuncture method at “tendon acupoint” combined with electro-acupuncture, and the control group was treated with acupuncture at false points combined with electro-acupuncture. The needle retention time of the two groups was 20 minutes, once every other day, 10 times as a course of treatment, and a total of 2 courses. The WOMAC scores were compared between the two groups before treatment, after treatment of 45 days, and after 6 months of follow-up, and the movement function of knee joints was evaluated by 8-meter walking test and 5-time sit-to-stand test. Results: After 45-day treatment, WOMAC scores all decreased in two groups(all P <0.01), the difference of the knee pain score and daily activity score was statistically significant between the two groups(P<0.01). The time for the 8-meter walking test and the 5-time sit-to-stand test in the treatment group at 45 days after treatment was shorter than before treatment(all P<0.01), and the control group only shortened the time taken for 5-time sit-to-stand test(P<0.01). After 6 months of follow-up, the difference of WOMAC score between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.01); the time taken for the 5-time sit-to-stand test in both groups decreased compared with that 45 days after treatment(P<0.01), and the difference between the groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion: In the treatment of KOA at the early and middle stage of deficiency of liver and kidney with qi-guiding acupuncture method at “tendon acupoint” combined with electro-acupuncture, the WOMAC score and knee joint motor function of the patients are significantly improved.
KEY WORDS knee osteoarthritis; deficiency of liver and kidney; tendon acupoint; qi-guiding acupuncture method; six step knee strengthening method
膝关节骨性关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)是一种慢性、退行性和进行性疾病,以膝关节软骨变性和丢失及关节边缘和软骨下骨骨质再生为特征[1],以疼痛、肿胀、僵硬、活动受限和局部肌肉无力等為主要临床表现。目前研究表明KOA的患病率高达33.6%[2],并有逐年上升趋势,严重者可致膝关节畸形,甚至致残,造成患者生活质量下降、治疗成本增加,这也给患者造成极大的心理负担。在治疗方面,早、中期KOA以消炎镇痛等对症处理,晚期则需手术治疗等补救措施[3]。本研究探讨“筋穴”导气针法结合电针治疗肝肾亏虚型早、中期KOA的临床效果,旨在寻找早、中期KOA临床较佳的治疗策略,缓解疾病进展。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
收集2018年6月1日至2019年1月30日就诊于上海市徐汇区长桥街道社区卫生服务中心伤科门诊的KOA患者40例,均符合《骨关节炎诊治指南(2007年版)》[4]和《上海市中医病证诊疗常规》(2003年第2版)[5]中有关KOA的诊断标准,且均为早中期肝肾亏虚症状者,随机分为对照组和治疗组各20例。其中对照组中男8例、女12例,平均年龄(67.6±8.6)岁,平均病程(5.5±7.5)月,累计关节25只。治疗组中男8例、女12例,平均年龄(65.2±11.8)岁,平均病程(6.6±8.3)月,累计关节28只。两组患者在年龄、性别构成、病程方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。所有患者均签署知情同意书。排除:有关节创伤史或既往有膝关节手术史者,过去6个月有膝关节腔注射史者,合并心血管、脑血管、肝、肾、造血系统等严重疾病者及不能耐受或不能配合治疗者。
1.2 方法
两组均按需口服复方对乙酰氨基酚片(Ⅱ)(拜耳医药保健有限公司)。对照组取非经非穴的假穴位进行针刺,并在股内侧肌和股外侧肌肌腹位置予电针治疗:频率为4.0 Hz的连续波,电流强度2 mA,留针20 min,隔日1次,10次为1个疗程,治疗2个疗程;同时配合肌力训练:六步健膝法(抬膝法、勾膝法、推膝法、拿膝法、按膝法、摩膝法),每日15~20 min为1组,2~3组为宜。治疗组接受“筋穴”导气针法治疗联合电针治疗,取阳陵泉、绝骨穴、内膝眼、外膝眼,采用30×1.5寸不锈钢毫针行爪切进针法,深度为1~1.5寸,即筋会穴阳陵泉常规进针后,用刺手之拇、食两指相对夹住针柄的上2/3,中指指腹扶住针柄的下1/3,三指相互配合,缓慢施以提插与捻转,使针下产生沉重紧涩感。肝肾亏虚证顺胆脉经而刺行导气针之补法,使针感传上,以膝关节周围肌肉酸胀、患者自觉快然为度,期间不间断捻转,提插以催气,持续2 min。其他各穴位行平补平泻之手法得气后持续刺激1 min,根据八会穴理论,配合取绝骨穴和内外膝眼穴,正负电极分别连接于患侧的阳陵泉、绝骨穴、内膝眼、外膝眼,电针频率、强度、治疗时间、疗程均同对照组;同时配合肌力训练,训练方法及时间同对照组。
1.3 疗效观察
由同一名医生分别在治疗前、治疗后45 d、治疗后6个月,采用西安大略麦克马斯特大学骨性关节炎指数(WOMAC)评分[ 6]进行评价,包括疼痛、僵硬、日常功能活动3个方面:①疼痛共5项,总分50分;②僵硬共2项,总分20分;③日常功能活动共17项,总分170分;分数越高,说明病情越重。并采用8公尺行走试验[7]和5次坐立试验[8]测试膝关节运动功能。
1.4 统计学方法
2 结果
2.1 两组WOMAC评分比较
与同组治疗前相比,两组治疗后45 d的WOMAC各项积分均有明显下降(P均<0.01),且治疗组的膝部疼痛评分、进行日常活动评分改善程度优于对照组(P<0.01)。6个月后的远期随访,两组膝部疼痛评分、僵硬评分、进行日常活动评分比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01),且治疗组的僵硬评分、进行日常活动评分与同组治疗后45 d比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),表明治疗组对早、中期膝骨关节炎关节僵硬、进行日常活动功能的远期改善比较明显。见表1。
2.2 两组膝关节运动功能比较
与治疗前比较,治疗组的5次坐立试验所用时间、8公尺行走试验所用时间均有明显下降(P均<0.01),而对照组仅5次坐立试验所用时间缩短明显(P<0.01)。与同组治疗后45 d比较,两组6个月后远期随访的5次试验所用时间均有明显下降(P<0.01),且治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05),表明治疗组6个月随访时5次坐立试验所用时间少于对照组。详见表2。
3 讨论
KOA在中医学中属“痹证”“筋伤”“痿证”等范畴,《素问·痹论》:“风寒湿三气杂至,合而为痹也”,正气虚弱为内因,属本虚标实之证。《内经》云:“肝主筋,肾主骨”,而临床上KOA多见于中老年患者,因年龄增长,肝肾不足,筋脉、骨髓失养,无以滋养膝关节,不荣则痛;加之风寒湿外邪侵袭,气血运行不畅,又与痰凝、寒湿、瘀血等相互影响,气血不通,不通则痛。正如《素问·脉要精微论篇》载:“膝者筋之府,屈伸不能,行则偻附,筋将惫矣。骨者髓之府,不能久立,行则振掉,骨将惫矣”。膝为筋之府,阳陵泉为八会穴之筋会,位于膝下,可疏通经络治疗膝关节疾病[9]。导气针法始见于《灵枢·五乱》:“徐入徐出,谓之导气”,至明代《针灸大全·金针赋》云:“欲气上行,将针右捻,欲气下行,将针左捻……过关节,催运气,以飞经走气”,让气至病所,进一步发挥导气针法。而现代更有学者认为导气针法通过控制针刺方向,即欲气上行针向上刺,欲气下行针向下刺,随后捻转、提插以催气,还可结合按法、循法诱导经气到达病所[10-13]。故本研究选用阳陵泉作为主穴,并在此穴顺胆脉经而刺行导气针之补法,诱导经气达至膝关节;另配绝谷,属足少阳胆经,也是八会穴之髓会,以及内外膝眼穴,为局部与远道互配,诸穴相配共奏补髓充骨、养肝舒筋、疏利关节、通络止痛之功[13-14]。
电针能抑制炎症因子,增强代谢,防止关节软骨进一步破坏,并促进膝关节附近血液循环,缓解周围软组织痉挛,降低肌肉肌异常张力,从而达到缓解疼痛的作用[9,15-16]。研究结果显示两组的WOMAC评分、膝关节运动功能均有不同程度的改善,这可能是治疗缓解了膝关节周围软组织痉挛,恢复周围肌力平衡,再结合六步健膝法对肌力的训练,提高膝关节稳定性,改善了膝关节活动度。治疗组治疗后45 d患者膝部疼痛、日常活动和膝关节运动功能的改善均明显好于对照组,且6个月后远期随访WOMAC评分、5次坐立试验的改善也明显优于对照组。
目前KOA的治疗均以缓解疼痛,改善膝关节功能,延缓病情发展为目的,在此前提下,“筋穴”导气针法联合电针治疗早、中期KOA具有较好得临床疗效,具有临床推广应用价值。但本试验存在样本量较小、缺乏客观依据等不足,下一步应扩大样本量,并增加曲线下面积(RAUC)变化值、膝关节红外热像图温差变化值等观察指标,进一步验证其有效性。
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