刘菊莲,徐跃良,陈 锋,谢文远,陈征海
(1. 浙江九龙山国家级自然保护区,浙江 遂昌 323300; 2. 浙江自然博物院,浙江 杭州 310014; 3. 浙江省森林资源监测中心,浙江 杭州 310020)
忍冬属LoniceraL.全世界约200种,分布于北美洲、欧洲、亚洲和非洲北部的温带及亚热带地区.中国有98种,广布于全国各省区,主产于西南地区[1].
本属有不少药用植物和有观赏价值的绿化植物,如金银花是具有悠久历史的著名中药.
浙江忍冬属植物较为丰富,《浙江植物志》记载有14种2亚种4变种[2].该志出版之后,又有一些新记录植物陆续被发现和报道[3].近年来,笔者在承担《浙江植物志》(新编)编写任务时,对浙江的忍冬科植物进行了系统整理和研究,发现了1个新种,现予以报道.
无毛忍冬新种 图1,图2
Lonicera omissaP.L. Chiu, Z.H. Chen et Y.L. Xu, sp. nov. Fig.1, Fig.2.
——LoniceraacuminataWall. var.depilataauct., non P.S. Hsu et H.J. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin.17(4): 80. 1979, p.p., quoad habitat. Zhejiangen, Fujianen, Jiangxien et Guangdongen.——L.glaucophyllaC.Y. Wu in herb., non Hook. f. & Thomson in J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot.2: 165. 1858.——LoniceraglabrataY.B. Zhang in herb., non Wall. in Fl. Ind.2: 175. 1824.
This new species is similar toL.acuminataWall. andL.acuminataWall. var.depilataP.S. Hsu et H.J. Wang, but the difference with the former is that: branchlet, leaf blade, petiole and peduncle glabrous or only petiole with a few stiff hairs (vs. branchlet, upper midvein and margin of leaf blade, petiole, peduncle with dense brown-yellow stiff hairs); leaf blade abaxially usually glaucous (vs. light green); corolla yellowish, becoming orange (vs. white tinged red becoming purple) , anther 1/5-1/4 as long as length of filament (vs. ca.1/2), and whole style hirsute (vs. top glabrous). And the difference with the latter is that: leaf blades usually ovate-oblong, narrowly elliptic, or ovate (vs. linear-lanceolate), apex acute or shortly acuminate (vs. apex acuminate); peduncle thickset, 0-0.5(-2) cm(vs. slender, 2-3 cm), corolla yellowish, becoming orange (vs. pale purplish red), and whole style hirsute (vs. top glabrous).
Type: China. Zhejiang(浙江),Suichang(遂昌),Huangshayao(黄沙腰),Dafengling(大风岭),alt.1 030 m, the roadside thickets on a slope, corolla yellowish, 11 May 2018,Y.L.Xu(徐跃良),X.Cai(蔡鑫) etJ.L.Liu(刘菊莲)Xu517 (holotype: ZM; isotype: ZM).
半常绿藤本,小枝红褐色或紫红色,无毛,髓褐色后消失变中空.叶对生;叶片薄革质,卵状矩圆形、狭椭圆形、卵形,稀卵状披针形、矩圆状披针形,长3.5~7.5 cm,宽1.5~3.5 cm,顶端急尖至短渐尖,基部近圆形或截形,稀楔形,两面无毛,上面深绿色,光亮,下面灰绿色,常略带淡紫色,侧脉5~6(~8)对,在近叶缘处网结,网脉稀疏,在两面都不甚清晰,连同侧脉在上面稍凹陷;叶柄长3~6 mm,无毛或上面边缘被疏糙毛.双花在小枝顶集合成近伞房状花序或单生于小枝上部叶腋,花序梗长0~5(~20) mm;苞片钻形,比萼筒短,稀为狭披针形而长于萼筒,无毛;小苞片宽卵形,长为萼筒的1/3~2/5,顶端钝或圆,无毛;萼筒长卵形,长约2 mm,无毛,萼齿卵状三角形,长为萼筒的2/5,无毛;花冠淡黄色转橙黄色,漏斗状,长约1.5~2 cm,外面无毛,唇形,筒长0.8~1.2 cm,较唇瓣略长,内面有糙毛,冠筒下侧中部有囊,上唇直立,裂片卵形,花后先端稍外翻,下唇反曲;雄蕊与花冠几等高,花药长约3 mm,长约为花丝的1/5~1/4,花丝下部有稀疏、开展的糙毛;花柱全部被稀疏的糙毛,中部以下的糙毛开展,中部以上的糙毛伏贴,柱头无毛.果实蓝黑色,卵圆形,长6~7 mm,直径约5 mm;种子近椭圆形,稍扁,长4~5 mm,顶端略偏斜,两侧加厚,有横沟纹,中间各具1纵棱脊.花期5月,果期10~11月.
a:花枝;b:双花;c:苞片,小苞片,萼筒与萼齿;d:花冠;e:花冠,雄蕊与花柱;f:花柱;g:叶背,叶柄与糙毛;h:果枝;i:果实.
A:花枝;B:果枝;C:双花;D:花冠展开(示花丝,雄蕊,花柱);E:花柱;F:果实.
本种与淡红忍冬L.acuminataWall.相近,但植物体完全无毛或仅叶柄有少数糙毛(vs.小枝、叶片上面中脉、叶缘、叶柄、花序梗均明显被土黄色糙毛);叶片下面常带粉绿色(vs.淡绿色);花冠淡黄色转橙黄色(vs.淡紫色转紫色),花药长为花丝的1/5~1/4(vs.约1/2),花柱全部被毛(vs.顶端无毛)而显著不同.又与无毛淡红忍冬L.acuminataWall. var.depilataP. S. Hsu et H.J. Wang相近,但叶片通常卵状矩圆形、狭椭圆形或卵形(vs.条状披针形),先端急尖或短渐尖(vs.先端渐尖);花序梗较粗短,长0~0.5(~2) cm(vs.纤细,长2~3 cm),花冠淡黄色转橙黄色(vs.淡紫红色),花柱全部被毛(vs.顶端无毛)而显著不同.
Zhejiang(浙江):Jinyun (缙云),Dayangshan(大洋山),12 Oct. 1989,in the valley,collector unknown 0218(ZM); Qingyuan (庆元), Baishanzu(百山祖), 22 Sep. 1985, collector unknown 850061(ZM); the same locality, 16 Oct. 1984, collector unknown 0004(HHBG); the same county,Z.G.Mao(毛宗国)10135(NAS); Suichang(遂昌), Zhongkeng(中坑), alt. 900 m, 22 May 1982,F.G.Zhang(张方钢) etZ.Y.Li(李志云)5197(ZM); Zhedaikou Country(柘岱口乡), Daxikengkou(大西坑口), open area on the south slope, alt. 800 m, 13 Aug. 1985,L.X.Hong(洪利兴)2301(ZM); Longquan(龙泉), Fengyangshan(凤阳山), Huangmaojian(黄茅尖), on the slope near top, alt.1 850 m, 28 Jun. 1987,Y.B.Zhang(张韵冰) etY.L.Xu(徐跃良)5414(ZM); Fengyangshan(凤阳山), Dadiping(大地坪), on the shrubbery by the valley stream, alt.1 220 m, 25 May 1985,HHBG(杭植标)1735(HHBG); Shuangxicun(双溪村), alt.1 200 m, 23 Oct. 2018,Y.L.Xu(徐跃良)etY.Zhang(张洋)ZHY046(ZM); Maoshan(昴山), in the secondary mixed forest, alt. 1 110 m, 27 Jul. 1958,R.H.Shanet al.(单人骅等)5543(PE、NAS、WUK); Maoshan(昴山), on the shrubbery near the top of mountain, 25 Jun. 1977, collector unknown 342(HHBG); the same locality, near the top of mountain, forest margin on the slope, alt.1 040 m, 13 Jun. 1981,HHBG1889(HHBG); the same locality, the back of Maoshan Temple, on the grass beside the giant rock, 22 Aug. 1961, collector unknown 8819(NAS); Jingning(景宁), Dongkeng(东坑), in the rubble by the stream, alt. 600 m, 5 Nov. 1963, collector unknown 20140(HHBG); Taishun (泰顺), Wuyanling(乌岩岭), cling a tree near rocks in the valley, 14 Jul. 1960, collector unknown 8567(HHBG); Pingyang(平阳), Qipanshan(棋盘山), alt. 700 m, 8 Sep. 2018,Z.H.Chen(陈征海)PY18090803(ZM);Fujian(福建): Chong’an(崇安), Xingcun(星村), Tongmu(桐木), on the shrubbery, alt. 900 m,1 Sep. 1979,WuyiExp.S0114(FJSI,IBSC); the same county, Sangang(三港), Baihuxi(白虎溪), on the shrubbery, alt. 750 m, 16 Aug. 1979,WuyiExp.00471(FJSI); Taining(泰宁), Xinqiao(新桥), cling the shrub on the slope, alt.1 150 m, 15 Jun. 1978,G.D.Cai(蔡国栋)338(FJSI); the same county, alt.1 600 m, 16 Jun. 1978,G.D.Cai(蔡国栋) 462(FJSI); Jianyang(建阳), Dazhugang(大竹岗), Shibatiao(十八眺), cling the shrub on the slope, alt. 850 m, 7 Sep. 1979,WuyiExp.01329(FJSI);Jiangxi(江西): Jinggangshan(井冈山), cling the shrub on the slope, alt.1 400 m, 17 Jun. 1965,S.S.Lai(赖书绅)4167(KUN,IBSC); Yanshan(铅山), Yanbu(盐埠), Dakeng(大坑), under the forest in the valley, 11 Aug. 1958,P.S.Chiu(裘佩熹)1886(PE);Guangdong(广东): Ruyuan(乳源), Xishan Country(西山乡), Wuzhishan(五指山), the sparse forest by the valley, 27 Nov. 1957,Z.Huang(黄志)44315(IBSC).
本种产于浙江的衢江、莲都、缙云、遂昌、龙泉、庆元、景宁、文成、泰顺;江西、福建、广东也有.
徐炳声先生等发表LoniceraacuminataWall. var.depilataP.S. Hsu et H.J. Wang时,引证了浙江龙泉的标本(paratype:单人骅等5543号,1958年7月27日采自龙泉昴山寺后,海拔1 110 m的次生杂木林内,分存PE、NAS、WUK)[4].杭州植物园裘宝林先生研究后指出,浙江的“无毛淡红忍冬”与淡红忍冬明显不同,宜作为种级对待.徐跃良研究后认为,浙江的“无毛淡红忍冬”花序梗通常较短,花冠黄色,花柱全部被毛,而与无毛淡红忍冬的主模式(四川宝兴,宋濨圃38890,存NAS)差异很大,应是独立的不同种.事实上,早在1966年,吴征镒先生即已关注到该类群,在单人骅等采自浙江龙泉昴山的5543号标本(KUN0114056)上新拟了Loniceraglaucophyllasp. nov.的名称,但该名称在1858年即已存在(LoniceraglaucophyllaHook. f. & Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot.2: 165. 1858=西域鬼吹箫Leycesteriaglaucophylla(Hook. f. & Thomson) C.B. Clarke, Fl. Brit. India3: 16. 1880);张韵冰1986年也注意到了该种,在张方钢、李志云采自浙江遂昌大西坑的5197号标本上新拟了无毛忍冬Loniceraglabratasp. nov.的裸名,但经笔者考证,发现该名称也只能作为光忍冬LoniceraglabrataWall.[Fl. Ind.2: 175. 1824,模式标本N. Wallich #474产尼泊尔,存BM(BM000521770)、K(K001111103)]的晚出同名.另外,Dunn’s Expedition to Central Fokien于1905年采自福建的标本2776号(QIN06683)与浙江的“无毛淡红忍冬”形态特征一致,历史上曾被误定为光忍冬.
笔者支持上述独立种系的观点.它与淡红忍冬L.acuminateWall.及分布于华中地区的无毛淡红忍冬L.acuminataWall. var.depilataP.S. Hsu et H.J. Wang相近但区别明显,目前已知的分布区限于浙江、福建、江西和广东,是一个被忽略的种.由于L.glaucophyllaHook. f. & Thomson和L.glabrataWall.的名称均已用过,遂新拟了L.omissaP.L.Chiu, Z.H. Chen et Y.L. Xu这一名称,以资区别.
Yang等[5]认为淡红忍冬是一个复合体,变异非常大,把无毛淡红忍冬、毛萼忍冬L.trichosepala(Rehd.) Hsu、短柄忍冬L.pampaniniiLévl.、醉鱼草状忍冬L.buddleioides Hsu et S. C. Cheng等作为淡红忍冬异名处理.事实上,从浙江有分布的淡红忍冬、毛萼忍冬、短柄忍冬及本文所描述的无毛忍冬来看,种间的区别特征显著且稳定,没有发现过渡类型.因此笔者认为作为一个复合体的处理方式不太合理.
致谢杭州植物园裘宝林正高级工程师帮助审阅全文并提出修改意见,杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院教授金孝锋博士为本种绘制线描图,谨致谢意.