冯欣 许忠波 叶琳
[摘要] 目的 meta分析及试验序贯分析评价内关穴注射维生素B1治疗妊娠剧吐的效果。 方法 对PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、维普全文数据库进行检索。检索时间均为建库至2019年10月,检索策略为研究对象(P)+干预措施(I)+研究设计(S),主题词、自由词相结合。文献由2名通过培训的研究人员按照纳入和排除标准进行筛选。观察并记录文献基本特征及发表偏倚,采用RevMan5.3 软件及 Stata12.0 软件进行meta分析及试验序贯分析。 结果 共纳入12篇文献,研究对象1247例。meta分析结果显示,试验组治疗妊娠剧吐有效率高于对照组,差异有高度统计学意义(OR = 9.21,95%CI:4.87~17.43,P < 0.01)。试验序贯分析进一步肯定内关穴注射维生素B1的治疗效果。 结论 内关穴注射维生素B1治疗妊娠剧吐止吐效果更明显,操作简单,但因本文的研究限制可能对结果产生偏倚,在临床推广应用时也需谨慎。
[关键词] 内关穴;维生素B1;妊娠剧吐;meta分析;序贯分析
[中图分类号] R246 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)03(c)-0087-05
[Abstract] Objective To study the efficacy of vitamin B1 injection at nèigu?觀n point (P6) for hyperemesis gravidarum was evaluated by meta-analysis and sequential analysis. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CMB, CNKI, WanFang and VIP datebases were searched. The retrieval time was from the database establishment to October 2019. The retrieval strategy was research object (P) + intervention measures (I) + research design (S), with the combination of subject words and free words. The literature was screened by 2 trained researchers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The basic characteristics and publication deviation of the literature were observed and recorded. The meta-analysis and sequential analysis of the experiment were carried out with RevMan 5.3 software and Stata12.0 software. Results A total of 12 articles and 1247 cases were included. Meta-analysis showed that effective rate of hyperemesis gravidarum in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was highly statistically significant (OR = 9.21,95%CI:4.87-17.43,P < 0.01). The effect of injection of vitamin B1 in nèigu?觀n point (P6) was confirmed by sequential-analysis. Conclusion Injection of vitamin B1 into nèigu?觀n point (P6) has a more obvious effect on the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum and is easy to operate. However, due to the limitation of this study, the results may be biased, so it is necessary to be cautious in clinical application.
[Key words] Nèigu?觀n point (P6); Vitamin B1; Hyperemesis gravidarum; Meta-analysis; Sequence analysis
妊娠剧吐是指妊娠早孕反应严重,频繁恶心呕吐、不能进食,以致发生体液失衡甚至终止妊娠、威胁孕妇生命,其临床发生率為0.3%~3.0%[1]。祖国医学将“妊娠剧吐”称之为“妊娠恶阻”,发生主要机理为冲气上逆,胃失和降[2]。维生素B1可抑制胆碱酯酶对乙酰胆碱的水解,乙酰胆碱可促进肠蠕动,当缺乏维生素B1时肠蠕动缓慢,腺体分泌减少,食欲减退,进而产生呕吐。内关为八脉交汇穴之一,主治胃痛、呃逆、恶心、呕吐[3]。临床发现,内关穴注射维生素B1,即可刺激和疏通经络、运行气血,又可补充体内缺乏的维生素B1,同时调节神经系统和消化功能,对妊娠剧吐有一定的治疗作用。内关穴注射维生素B1治疗妊娠剧吐与西医常规治疗或肌肉注射维生素B1治疗之间虽有显著性差异,但也存在局限和质疑,导致结论可信度不高,且没有高质量的循证医学研究。因此,本文对内关穴注射维生素B1治疗妊娠剧吐进行系统性评价,寻找其临床实践决策的最佳证据。
综上所述,内关穴注射维生素B1治疗妊娠剧吐止吐效果更明显,操作简单,但因本文的研究限制可能对结果产生偏倚,在临床推广应用时也需谨慎。另外,针刺本身可能对孕妇产生一定的刺激作用而产生不良反应,可在实施前做刺激敏感度筛查或告知,进一步完善临床研究。
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(收稿日期:2019-11-09 本文编辑:刘明玉)