文 / 李 健
(作者单位:南京市建筑市场监督站)
前面我们讨论了FIDIC1999建造合同文本Conditions of Contract for Construction第18条“保险Insurance”子款18.1 General Requirements for Insurances “18.1保险的一般要求”部分内容翻译中的语言及法律问题。这里我们继续讨论剩下的部分。
原文4:Each policy insuring against loss or damage shall provide for payments to be made in the currencies required to rectify the loss or damage. Payments received from insurers shall be used for the rectification of the loss or damage.
试译:每份承保损失或损害的保险单应当以恢复损失或损害所需的货币提供赔偿支付。从保险人处获得的款项应当用于恢复损失或损害。
点评:1.这是关于保险赔付货币的选择和使用的规定。
2.保险赔付货币,应当选择恢复损失或损害所需的货币currencies。以某种货币进行支付,可译成pay (make payment) in the currency of…,也可以是pay (make payment) in+货币名称的形式。如果使用payment,要注意单复数问题:在词组make payment中,payment可以看做是抽象的“支付”行为;payment单独使用时,通常指支付的款项,是具体的可数名词,可以是单数“一笔款项”,也可以是复数payments“ (多笔或不同)款项 ”(参见原文4的第二句)。
3.赔付的货币,应当用于恢复rectify损失或损害。Rectify,试译中没有像有关文献中那样译成“修复”或“修正”,而是根据场合直接译成“恢复”了。Rectification,是其名词形式。
原文5:The relevant insuring Party shall, within the respective periods stated in the Appendix to Tender (calculated from the Commencement Date), submit to the other Party:
(a)evidence that the insurances described in this Clause have been effected, and
(b)copies of the policies for the insurances described in Sub-Clause 18.2 [Insurance for Works and Contractor’s Equipment] and Sub-Clause 18.3 [Insurance against Injury to Persons and Damage to Property].
试译:有关投保人应当在投标书附录中载明的各自期限内(从开工日期起算)向另一方提交:
(1)本条所述保险已经办理的证明;
(2)第18.2款〔工程和承包商设备险〕和第18.3款〔人身伤害和财产损害险〕所述保险单的副本。
点评:1.这是关于投保人insuring Party提交submit保险证据的规定,包括提交时间和提交内容。
2.提交时间,应当在投标书附录中载明的各自期限内(从开工日期起算)。Respective,这是一个容易与respectful(尊敬的)相混淆的词,是“各自”的意思。
3.提交内容,包括两个方面,一是保险已经办理的证据evidence,二是相应保险单副本copies of the policies for the insurances。有几个词需要注意一下:evidence,通常是指具有法律意义的“证据”,如相关信息或实物;与proof“证明”有所不同,proof侧重“证明”的过程,包括提供证据the presentation of evidence。Effect,“办理”;the insurances described have been effected.所述保险已办理。
原文6:When each premium is paid, the insuring Parry shall submit evidence of payment to the other Party. Whenever evidence or policies are submitted, the insuring Party shall also give notice to the Engineer.
试译:如果保险费已经支付,则投保人应当向另一方提交支付证据。每次提交证据或保险单时,投保人也应当通知工程师。
点评:1.这是关于提交保险费premium支付证据的规定。
2.在英语中,premium是这样定义的款项:money paid to an insurance company for insurance coverage or for an annuity. 即保险费。
原文7:Each Party shall comply with the conditions stipulated in each of the insurance policies. The insuring Party shall keep the insurers informed of any relevant changes to the execution of the Works and ensure that insurance is maintained in accordance with this Clause.
试译:合同当事人都应当遵守保险单规定的条件。对工程实施过程中的任何相关变化。投保人应当随时通知保险人,并确保按照本条要求维持保险。
点评:这里要求合同当事人遵守保险单条件,并规定投保人保持保险人随时了解工程实施变化的义务。这里有一个重要表达,keep sb informed of sth,让某人处于对某事了解的状态,也就是“随时通知某人某事”。
原文8:Neither Party shall make any material alteration to the terms of any insurance without the prior approval of the other Parry. If an insurer makes (or attempts to make) any alteration, the Party first notified by the insurer shall promptly give notice to the other Party.
试译:没有另一方的事先批准,任何一方都不得对保险条款作出实质性变动。如果保险人作出(或拟作出)任何变动,则首先收到保险人通知的一方应当立即通知另一方。
点评:这是关于保险条款变动的规定。首先,保险条款变动的前提是拟作出变动的合同当事人取得另一方当事人的事先批准prior approval,且变动不是实质性material的。其次,若保险人insurer(不是建造合同的当事人)作出变动,则先期收到保险人通知的一方负有立即通知promptly另一方的义务。
原文9:If the insuring Party fails to effect and keep in force any of the insurances it is required to effect and maintain under the Contract, or fails to provide satisfactory evidence and copies of policies in accordance with this Sub-Clause, the other Party may (at its option and without prejudice to any other right or remedy) effect insurance for the relevant coverage and pay the premiums due. The insuring Party shall pay the amount of these premiums to the other Party, and the Contract Price shall be adjusted accordingly.
试译:如果投保人未能按照合同要求办理保险并使之保持有效,或未能按照本款要求提供令另一方满意的证据和保险单的副本,则另一方可以(自行决定,且不减损任何其他权利或救济)办理相应保险并支付应交的保险费。投保人应当向另一方支付此类保险费金额,同时合同价格应当做相应调整。
点评:1.本款是关于合同当事人未保持保险效力后果的规定。这里的合同当事人是建造合同约定的投保人,而不是指保险合同的当事人。
2.按照本款规定,合同当事人未保持保险效力的后果还是很严重的。假如承包商未能按照合同要求办理保险并使之保持有效,或未能按照本款要求提供令另一方满意的证据和保险单的副本,则业主可以自行办理相应保险,注意,此时业主不必确信保险是否实际上已经办理、生效,其自行办理保险的权利只取决于承包商没有提供证据!在实践中,为避免将来产生纠纷,基于合同自由原则,可以增加约定—业主在自行办理本应由承包商办理的保险前向承包商签发一个正式的通知,在通知中说明承包商应当提供的证据、确保业主收到此类证据的合理截至日期;同时还说明在此日期前未收到证据时,业主有权自行办理相应保险,并且保险费由承包商承担。增加或补充这类约定是有意义的。
3.提示若干有用表达。Keep sth in force,使……保持有效。At one’s option,由某人自行决定,随意。prejudice to,对……的损害。Remedy,救济。
原文10:Nothing in this Clause limits the obligations, liabilities or responsibilities of the Contractor or the Employer, under the other terms of the Contract or otherwise. Any amounts not insured or not recovered from the insurers shall be borne by the Contractor and/or the Employer in accordance with these obligations, liabilities or responsibilities. However, if the insuring Party fails to effect and keep in force an insurance which is available and which it is required to effect and maintain under the Contract, and the other Party neither approves the omission nor effects insurance for the coverage relevant to this default, any moneys which should have been recoverable under this insurance shall be paid by the insuring Party.
Payments by one Party to the other Party shall be subject to Sub-Clause 2.5 [Employer’s Claims] or Sub-Clause 20.1[Contractor’s Claims], as applicable.
试译:本合同其余条款或其他文件下承包商或业主的义务、职责或责任,不受本条规定限制。任何未保险或未能从保险人收回的款项,应当由承包商或业主根据上述义务、职责或责任的规定承担。但是,如果保险可以办理,投保人却未能按合同要求办理并保持有效,而另一方又未批准可以不办理,也未就此类违约办理相关保险,则任何本可通过此类保险收回的款项应当由投保人支付。
一方向另一方的支付,根据适用情形,应当按照第2.5款〔雇主的索赔〕或第20.1款〔承包商的索赔〕的规定办理。
点评:1.这是关于未办理保险情况下如何处理的规定。
2.本条18 Insurance的意图并非要规定合同当事人任何一方均有义务为其在合同下的一切风险办理保险。本段文字内容显示,本条18 Insurance要求的保险并不减少或限制limit双方其他的义务和责任obligations, liabilities or responsibilities。
3.如果某项应当办理的保险是可以办理的,投保人未办理,而这个未办理omission又没有经过对方批准,并在投保人未办理的情况下,即投保人以构成违约default时,另一方根据原文9自行办理相应保险,这将导致另一个后果—任何本可通过此类保险收回的款项应当由投保人支付给另一方。
至此,18.1 General Requirements for Insurances“保险的一般要求”条款翻译中的语言、法律问题讨论完毕。