胡斯明 徐晓 徐国鹏
【摘要】 目的 探討中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)病情评估中的临床价值。方法 选择55例AECOPD患者作为AECOPD 组, 54例慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期(SCOPD)患者作为SCOPD 组, 同期体检的60例健康体检者作为对照组。比较三组研究对象基本资料、NLR、PLR、第1秒用力呼气容量占预计值的百分比(FEV1%)、BODE指数;比较AECOPD不同肺功能分级患者NLR、PLR、FEV1%、BODE指数;分析NLR、PLR与BODE 指数的相关性, NLR、PLR在AECOPD中的诊断效能。结果 对照组烟龄短于SCOPD组、AECOPD组, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);SCOPD组、AECOPD组患者烟龄比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组研究对象年龄、体质量指数(BMI)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组研究对象NLR、PLR、FEV1%、BODE指数比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。AECOPD肺功能分级Ⅰ级8例, Ⅱ级12例, Ⅲ级16例, Ⅳ级19例。AECOPD不同肺功能分级患者NLR、PLR、FEV1%、BODE指数比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05), 随着分级的增加, NLR、PLR、BODE指数增加, FEV1%降低。NLR、PLR与BODE 指数呈正相关(r=0.751、0.748, P<0.05)。NLR的ROC曲线下面积为0.87, 95%CI=(0.139, 0.731), 敏感度为88%, 特异度为86%;PLR的ROC曲线下面积为0.74, 95%CI=(0.614, 0.902), 敏感度为82%, 特异度为80%。
结论 NLR和PLR对AECOPD有较好的诊断效能, 与 BODE 指数具有相关性, 可作为评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病病情及预后的便捷、实用的临床指标。
【关键词】 慢性阻塞性肺疾病;急性加重;中性粒细胞;淋巴细胞;血小板
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2019.33.003
Clinical value of PLR and NLR in evaluation of disease condition of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease HU Si-ming, XU Xiao, XU Guo-peng, et al. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
【Abstract】 Objective To discuss the clinical value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in evaluation of disease condition of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods There were 55 AECOPD patients as AECOPD group, 54 patients with stable-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (SCOPD) as SCOPD group, and 60 healthy people as the control group. The basic data, forced expiratory volume in the first second as percentage of predicted value (FEV1%) and BODE index was compared in three groups, and NLR, PLR, FEV1% and BODE index was compared in patients with different pulmonary function grades of AECOPD. The correlation between NLR, PLR and BODE index, and diagnostic efficiency of NLR and PLR in AECOPD was analyzed. Results The smoking time of control group was shorter than those of SCOPD group and AECOPD group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in smoking time between SCOPD group and AECOPD group (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in age and body mass index (BMI) in three groups (P>0.05). There was statistically significant difference in NLR, PLR, FEV1% and BODE index among three groups (P<0.05). The AECOPD pulmonary function classification grade Ⅰ in 8 cases, grade Ⅱ in 12 cases, grade Ⅲ in 16 cases and grade Ⅳ in 19 cases. There were statistically significant differences in NLR, PLR, FEV1% and BODE index among the patients with different pulmonary function grades of AECOPD (P<0.05). With the increase of grades, NLR, PLR, BODE index increased, FEV1% decreased. NLR and PLR were positively correlated with BODE index (r=0.751、0.748, P<0.05). The area under ROC curve of NLR was 0.87, 95%CI=(0.139, 0.731), sensitivity was 88%, specificity was 86%; the area under ROC curve of PLR was 0.74, 95%CI=(0.614, 0.902), sensitivity was 82%, specificity was 80%. Conclusion NLR and PLR shows good diagnostic effect on AECOPD, and are correlated with BODE index. They can be used as a convenient and practical clinical index to evaluate the condition and prognosis of COPD.
2. 4 NLR、PLR与BODE 指数相关性分析 NLR、PLR与BODE 指数呈正相关(r=0.751、0.748, P<0.05)。
2. 5 PLR和NLR对AECOPD的诊断效能分析 NLR的ROC曲线下面积为0.87, 95%CI=(0.139, 0.731), 敏感度为88%, 特异度为86%;PLR的ROC曲线下面积为0.74, 95%CI=
(0.614, 0.902), 敏感度为82%, 特异度为80%。见图1。
3 讨论
COPD是一种慢性气道炎症性疾病, 具有不完全可逆性气流受限特征, 是全球范围内引起慢性疾病死亡的主要疾病之一, 预计到2030年COPD将成为全球第三大致死性疾
病[7]。COPD急性发作将导致患者生存质量明显下降, 严重者出现呼吸衰竭等并发症, 加速肺功能恶化, 严重影响预后, 增加死亡率。因而, 从2011年COPD诊断治疗预防全球策略 (global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease , GOLD)开始将急性加重风险纳入对COPD病情的综合评估中来。因此, 及早发现、干预及预防AECOPD发生对临床具有重要意义。
大多数AECOPD的诱发因素为感染性因素, 包括细菌、病毒感染等, 炎症反应对AECOPD的发生、发展起到关键作用。通过对COPD患者炎症状态的评估可以预防AECOPD发生、评估患者预后。因此与炎症反应相关的血清标志物如CRP、PCT、IL-6等被应用于AECOPD患者临床病情评估中。但这些指标均存在一定的优缺点, 如CRP受较多其他因素影响, PCT敏感度较高但不能预测预后, IL-6等炎性介质的监测较复杂、费用高等, 如何寻找客观、简便的方法早期诊断、及时评估AECOPD病情严重程度及预后成为目前研究的
方向。
近年来发现NLR、PLR做为新的炎症诊断标志物在各种应激刺激下的炎症性疾病(如肿瘤、肺炎、急性肺栓塞等)中起到重要的作用[8-10]。研究表明NLR、PLR与多种肺部疾病如肺结核、COPD等有关。Karadeniz等[11]发现COPD患者PLR水平高于健康对照组, AECOPD患者PLR水平明显高于稳定期。Furutate等[12]发现AECOPD患者NLR水平高于稳定期, 并且NLR水平与肺气肿程度、mMRC评分呈正相关, 与6 min步行距离呈负相关, 因此认为NLR与COPD严重程度及急性发作有关。与之前学者研究结果相同, 本研究发现随着AECOPD病情的加重, NLR、PLR逐渐增高。本研究根据ROC曲线分析, NLR的ROC曲线下面积为0.87, 敏感度为88%, 特异度为86%。PLR的ROC曲线下面积为0.74, 敏感度为82%, 特异度为80%。分析显示, NLR、PLR在判断AECOPD方面有着良好的预测价值, 同时具有较好的敏感度和特异度, 表明NLR、PLR在预测AECOPD及评估严重程度方面具有一定的临床意义。
临床上评估COPD患者病情的指标有很多, 但因COPD作为一种全身性疾病, 许多指标无法全面系统的反映COPD病情。2004年由Celli等[13]提出BODE指数, 从临床症状、运动能力、肺功能和营养状态等多方面, 全面评估COPD患者病情, 系统反映COPD患者的呼吸功能和全身效应, 受到广泛认同。本研究采用相关性分析发现, NLR、PLR與BODE指数均存在显著相关关系, 说明NLR、PLR在COPD疾病病情评估方面具有重要临床意义, 联合检测可以提高可靠性和敏感度。
综上所述, 临床工作中, 在BODE系统基础上加入PLR、NLR等生物标志物, 进行多因素综合评定, 可为临床诊治提供方便快捷的评估方法, 降低不良预后风险, 改善疾病预后。然而, 由于本研究受到各种客观因素等的影响, 对于NLR和PLR在AECOPD和SCOPD患者疾病过程中的病理生理机制还需进一步的研究。
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[收稿日期:2019-07-02]