思维导图助力课文背诵策略及实例分析

◎林斌

一、思维导图学习策略和价值

学生的学习主要是通过大脑完成的。研究表明，我们的大脑接收的信息中，80~90%是通过视觉获得的。而大脑在获取这些视觉信息时，若按照一定组织形式呈现，信息会更容易被获得[1]。而思维导图正是一种有组织形式的说明思维过程的视觉化学习工具。

二、思维导图助力课文背诵的优势

1.文章结构一目了然。思维导图有效地梳理了文章内容，从整体上把握了段与段，句与句之间的逻辑关系，文章走向一目了然，背诵更加顺畅。

2.关键词形象化。思维导图背诵课文通过提取关键词，并通过图像符号或简易标识使之形象化，是思考的记忆过程，并非死记硬背。

3.开启全脑模式背诵。思维导图可以极大地激发背诵者的右脑，因为创作导图的时候会使用颜色、形状和想象力。根据科学研究发现，人的大脑是由两部分组成的，左脑负责逻辑、词汇、数字，而右脑负责抽象思维、直觉、创造力和想象力。用思维导图背诵课文用了左右脑的功能，是全脑背诵。

三、利用思维导图课文背诵实例分析

我校对刚入学的高一新生有要求背诵新概念2课文的要求，并且还会在月考中考查。本文以我校本次月考考查篇目新概念2 Lesson 57“Can I help you,madam?”为例分析如何利用思维导图指导背诵。

语篇内容：

A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop.Though she hesitated for a moment,she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.Glancing at her scornfully,he told her that the dress was sold.The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day.She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat,with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.After seeking out the rude assistant,she asked for the same dress.Not realizing who she was,the assistant was eager to serve her this time.With great difficulty,he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.As soon as she saw it,the woman said she did not like it.She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.

准备材料：铅笔，橡皮，彩铅笔，白纸一张。

操作步骤如下。

1.通读课文，理解文章，了解句型结构。英语基础弱的学生可以翻译文章。

2.根据文章内容，找出主要人物，大概将文章分为几个部分。

主题：the woman,the assistant,buy the coat

(第一天)①A woman in jeans stood...she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.②The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed...and decided to punish the assistant next day.(第二天)③ She returned to the shop...After seeking out the rude assistant,she asked for the same dress.④Not realizing who she was...the woman said she did not like it.⑤She enjoyed herself making the assistant...

3.划取关键词(underline the key words)。

(第一天)①A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop.Though she hesitated for a moment,she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.②The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.Glancing at her scornfully,he told her that the dress was sold.The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day.(第二天)...

①Jeans,hesitated,went in?

②did not like,Glancing,scornfully,sold?

walked out,angrily,punish?（第一天）

①returned,fur,handbag,umbrella,seeking?

②realizing,eager,difficulty,difficulty?

③saw,enjoyed,bring,buying?(第二天)

4.绘制思维导图如下。

如图所示，以上是本班两位学生根据自己的背诵思路所作出的背诵思维导图，仅供参考，虽然风格不同，可大致有如下特点。

(1)文章内容走向，故事发展都用了符号作为导向，剧情走向一目了然。

(2)运用简单的字母缩写或者中英文标识文章重要信息，如左图中W代表是故事中the woman角色，而A不言而喻指代的是the assistant；右图中fire对图示的说明，这样使得原文中一些文字信息得到简化，突出重要信息。

(3)两组思维导图都用到一些图示指代重要信息，如对于jeans体现两组图都是直接画出了牛仔裤的图画，“angrily”用火的标识来体现，妇女第二次进店时身上的着装都以图画的形式标识出来。特别是对于故事中the woman两次进店the assistant的态度由坏向好的转变分别用了悲伤和开心两个表情表示，栩栩如生，生动形象，文字信息惟妙惟肖地转化成了视觉化信息，相当于把照片排在脑海里，在背诵过程中更加有剧情代入感。

5.按照思维导图的导向逐渐回忆，复述或回查对照课文内容，可以适当增添重要信息或标识，完善导图，最终水到渠成，背诵全文。

以上就是利用思维导图助力背诵的方法演示，总体来说可以概括为5个步骤。

(1)熟读和理解课文；(2)根据文章内容划分层次；(3)提取重要信息；(4)绘制思维导图；(5)利用导图背诵全文。

以上只是利用思维导图背诵课文其中一个案例，在以后的课文背诵教学过程中，教师应该多鼓励和指导学生大胆地画思维导图，学会利用导图助力背诵，而不是死记硬背。思维导图不在于画得好不好，关键在有没有画。学生学会并养成画思维导图的习惯后，可以形成自己的导图风格。

总而言之，思维导图会使看似枯燥的背诵变得有趣高效。坚持不懈地使用下去，思维导图会画得越来越好，背诵英语课文也会越来越轻松！