【摘要】英语里表达否定意义的方法一般是直接在句子里加no,not,none, never, hardly, little, scarcely, seldom, neither…nor…等; 或在单词前加前缀dis-, in-, non-, un-, under-, 如: discomfort , incapable, nonconfidence, untouched, undernourish; 或在单词后加后缀less, 如helpless, careless 。
【关键词】间接否定;疑问句;虚拟语气;介词短语;委婉语
【作者简介】赵宗祥(1969-),男,甘肃省定西市通渭县西关小学,高级教师,研究方向:小学英语教育教学。
任何语言,均往往以丰富多样的方法来表达同一意义,以求得异曲同工之妙 。自然,英语也不例外 。英语里表达否定意义的方法, 一般是直接在句子里加no,not,none,never,hardly,little , scarcely , seldom , neither…nor…等 ; 或在单词前加前缀dis- , in- , non- , un-,under- ,如: discomfort , incapable, nonconfidence , untouched , undernourish ; 或在单词后加后缀less , 如helpless , careless 。以上諸种否定方法,均为一般的英语学习者所熟知 。但是,英语里还不乏采用间接手段来表示否定意义的方法,本文谓之“间接否定”,意指其否定意义蕴藉而不显露。现对若干间接否定方法举例如下:
1. I rather than you, should do the work . 该做这项工作的是我,而不是你 。
2. He would sooner die than surrender. 他宁死不降 。
1. anything but. His manners are anything but pleasant. (His manners are not pleasant.)他的举止并不令人喜欢 。
2. but for. But for your help , I should have failed . 如非你之助,我早已失败了。
3. but what. Not a day but what it rains. 没有一天不下雨。
1. The beauty of the place is more than I can describe . 此地的美丽真是无法形容。
2 . The traveller entertained his host with stories , some of which were really more than could be believed . 旅行者给主人讲了一些故事,其中有一些简直难以置信 。
1. What do I care? (= I do not care .) 我才不在乎呢!
2. Am I my brothers keeper ? (= It is not my duty to keep my brother .) 难道要我来照看弟弟吗 ?
3. Who knows? (= No one knows .) 谁知道 ?
1. If I had the money , I would buy it . (= Now I have not the money , so I cant buy it .) 我假若有钱,就会买这些东西 。
2. How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer !(= The fact is that you cant stay .) 你如果能多呆一会,那该有多好!
1. off guard = not alert to coming danger. In the second that the boxer was off guard , his opponent landed a knockout punch. 拳击手没留心的当儿·,对手即把他击倒了。
2. beside the point = having nothing to do with something
The judge told the witness that his remarks were beside the point 。 法官告诉证人他的话根本与案子无关 。
1. free from. In April the metropolis is free from fog and mist . (= In April there is no fog and mist in the metropolis .) 这大都市在四月份没有雾霭 。
2. short of. We did not buy anything because we were short of money . (= We did not buy anything because we did not have enough money.) 我们因缺钱而没买东西 。
He is too weak to walk . 他太虚弱,不能走路 。
1. I failed in persuading him. 我说不了他 。
2. The exact date has escaped me . 我记不起确切的日期了。
1. He is the last man to accept a bribe . 他绝不是受贿的人。
2. Romantic is the last thing I am . 我绝不是浪漫的人。
There is much room for improvement in your work. 你的工作有很大的改进空间。
Much I care. 我才不在乎呢。
如:lack, absence, failure.
The failure was the making of him.这次不成功是他后来成功的基础。
如:short, missing, far等。
Her explanation is far from satisfactory.她的解释不让人满意。
At no time were we friends.
如:hardly,scarcely,seldom等。He seldom gets any sleep.
英语是一种丰富多彩、灵活多变的语言,其否定意义的表达方法也呈千姿百态。