【摘要】在经济新闻、政府报告等政经类文章中,经常会看到描述某个数据上升、增加了多少,或者下降、减少了多少。有些译者在翻译此类句子时,通常都会用一些常见的英语对应词来翻译。笔者阅读了很多英语经济类新闻,发现有些英语表达法很新颖,因此搜集、总结了《经济学人》等英语报刊中描述此类现象的地道表达法,希望译者翻译时能够借鉴这些表达法,提高译文的可读性。
【关键词】增加;下降;翻译
【作者简介】何艳红(1980-),女,成都中医药大学国际教育学院助教,硕士研究生,研究方向:应用语言学。
1.“The latest prices have actually stabilized and are coming up from the bottom,” said Ms. Wong, adding that she expected property prices to increase by 15 percent.
王女士称:“实际上,近期房价已趋于稳定,并从低谷开始回升。”后又补充说,她预计房价将上涨15%。
2. Hourly earnings in America grew by 2.5% at an annual rate in October, the fastest pace since 2009.
10月份,美国工人时薪的年增长率达2.5%,达到2009年以来的最快增速。
3. Brazils annual rate of inflation rose to 10.5% in November, the highest it has been in 12 years.
巴西11月通胀年率上升至10.5%,为12年来最高。
4. Inflation climbed 2% last month.
上个月的通胀率上升了2%。
climb的含义之一为“to increase in number, amount, or level”,表示“〔数字、数量或水平〕升高,攀升”。
以上四个例句中,分别采用了increase、grow、rise、climb这四个词。译者通常使用以上几个英语对应词来表达“上升”“增加”“上涨”等含义。
1. While third-quarter profits for S&P 500 companies are marginally ahead of expectations (as is usually the case), they are still likely to be 4% lower than they were a year ago; sales will probably fall by 3%.
尽管标准普尔指数500强公司第三季度的利润稍微超出了预期(一般情况都是如此),利润仍然可能比一年前的要低4%,销售额可能也会下滑3%。
2. Having relied on oil exports for a big proportion of its revenue, Russias government was reportedly reworking its budget to reduce spending by a further 10% and ordering state departments to carry out “stress tests” in which they assume a further fall in oil prices.
由于俄罗斯的财政收入很大一部分来自石油出口,据报道,俄国政府正在重新调整其财政预算,进一步削减10%的财政支出,并认为石油价格还会进一步下跌,要求国家各部门执行“压力测试”。
以上两例中,fall表示“下滑”“下跌”的含义,值得注意的是,例1中fall为动词,而例2中fall为名词。
3. The news is no better in Europe, where third-quarter profits are expected to be down 5.4% on the year, with revenues dropping 7.9%.
欧洲的境遇也好不到哪去。今年,第三季度的利潤预期减少5.4%,收益则会下滑7.9%。
drop也是常用的表达“下降”含义的词。
总之,在日常翻译过程中,译者应该重视词汇及表达方式的积累,使译文更加简洁、表达形式更丰富,提高译文的品质。
参考文献:
[1][英]霍恩比.牛津高阶英汉双解词典[M].北京:商务印书馆、牛津大学出版社(中国)有限公司,2000:9.
[2]陆谷孙.英汉大辞典[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2007:3.