年年考题虽不同，岁岁考点酷相似

陈建艳

2019年的高考已经落下帷幕，但是我班学生兴奋的表情却历历在目，他们说语法填空题都做过啦，好几个学生一出考场就说他们有把握拿满分（结果也如他们所料）。又因为他们习惯从语法填空题开始做，所以自信心一下子就上来了，考场发挥出色，都拿到自己满意的分数，尤其是一个体育生，他说单纯是语法填空就拿到12分，几乎是他平时的总成绩了。有这样的成绩得益于我们高考备考策略：反复做往年的高考真题，刷各地的高考真题，然后归类整理，再做练习巩固。因为我的学生都是来自农村，还是理科生、体育生，学生英语基础薄弱，甚至是零基础的，所以我更多的是偏向于收集真题“点对点”的练习题，让他们知道高考考什么？怎么考？要怎么做？既要吸引他们的注意力，培养英语学习兴趣，又要树立自信心，有坚持学习动力，所以题不在多，不在难，而在于重复做、反复做，熟能生巧吧。下面是2016～2019年高考真题的小归类对照，共享共勉！

一、than前用比较级

1.（2019年全国I卷）Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集）around human settlements， leading to the illusion（错觉）that populations are   ________（high）than they actually are.

2.（2018年全国I卷）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal， runners live three years________（long）than non-runners.

答案：1. higher  2. longer

巧记：than 是比较级的标志词，如果提示词是形容词，那就八九不离十啦！除了than之外，提示词是形容词又被even， far， much， rather， a little等修饰时，形容词通常用比较级，如：even stronger（strong）等。

二、by后用v.-ing形式

1.（2019年全国I卷）Scientists have responded by_______（note）that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集）around human settlements， leading to the illusion（错觉）that populations are higher than they actually are.

2.（2017年全国I卷）Fast food is full of fat and salt; by __________（eat）more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet

答案：1. noting  2. eating

巧記：by在前，用-ing， by在后，用-ed。注意，介词后面的提示词是动词通常都用-ing形式。

三、主谓一致的be

1.（2019年全国I卷）Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations， three are declining， six________（be）stable， one is increasing， and nine lack enough data..

2.（2018年全国I卷）While running regularly cant make you live forever， the review says it ________（be）more effective at lengthening life than walking， cycling or swimming.

3.（2017年全国I卷）Fast food________（be）full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

答案：1. are  2. is  3. is

巧记：主谓一致，顾名思义就是看主语决定谓语是用单数还是复数。要留意做主语的是可数名词还是不可数名词，是单数还是复数。

四、三年都考不定式

1.（2019年全国I卷）...and are expensive _________（perform）consistently over a large area.

2.（2018年全国I卷）You dont have to run fast or for long ________（see）the benefit.

3.（2017年全国I卷）They are required ________（process）the food that we eat， to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.

答案：1. to perform 2. to see 3. to process

巧记：（1）在形容词后用不定式，可将Im sorry to hear that. 作为公式来记忆。（2）做目的状语用不定式;（3）在受序数词修饰的名词后用不定式;（4）在require sb to do sth等结构中用不定式。

五、名词变为形容

1.（2019年全国II卷）We are so proud of her. Its _____（wonder）

2.（2018年全国I卷）Running is cheap， easy and it is always________ （energy）

3.（2017年全国I卷）However， be ________（care）not to go to extremes.

答案：1. wonderful  2. energetic  3. careful

巧记：be/系动词后接形容词。

六、形容词变副词

1.（2019年全国I卷）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been________ （poor）studied.

2.（2016年全国I卷）The title will be ________（official）given to me at a ceremony in London.

答案：1. poorly  2. officially

巧记：前后有动词，多半填副词;可记作，前有“狼”后有“虎”，中间带把“刀”的副词。

七、有时态标志词的完成时态

1.（2018年全国Ⅱ卷）Since 2011， the country_____（grow）more corn than rice.

2.（2019年全国Ⅰ卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut________（report）increases in bear sightings around human settlements，

答案：1. has grown  2. have reported

巧記：完成时的标志词还有already， just， yet， recently， lately， before， twice， so far， in the last/past few years， up to now，till now， since+过去的时间点，for+时间段等等。

八、固定词组中的冠词

（2017年全国Ⅰ卷）As________result， people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.

答案：a

巧记：平时留意含不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词的固定词组。

九、有词提示要用名词复数

1.（2018年全国Ⅰ卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all________（cause）.

2.（2017年全国Ⅰ卷）...， has had some unintended side ________（effect）such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

3.（2017年全国Ⅲ卷）She has turned down several ______（invitation）to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies

4.（2016年全国Ⅰ卷）The nursery team switches him every few_____（day）with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed，

答案：1. causes  2. effects  3 invitations  4. days

巧记：除了some， all， several， few/a few之外，还有different， various， those， many， a lot of， lots of等，均提示我们，将所给可数名词改为复数。尽管2019年没考到名词复数，但是谁能保证2020不会考呢？

对点精练

一、than前要用比较级

1. Tom is two years _____（old）than I.

2. Finally， that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ______（clean）than ever.

3. He went out to hunt for food when it was ______（warm）than usual， but he could hardly find any food and soon became weak with hunger.

二、介词by

4. I showed them I I was independent by ________（wear）strange clothes.

5. To some， happiness is _______（surround）by family and friends.

6. I heard an English song _________（sing）by a little girl when I passed by her.

三、主谓一致的be

7. At present， there _____（be）more than 50 beds of roses in the Edisto memorial gardens.

8. President Xi Jinping _____（be）a football enthusiast and previously said he wants China to win the World Cup in 15 years.

9. I， who _____（be）your teacher， will try my best to help you with your study.

10. All _____（be）here. And all _____（be）ready.

11. Doing morning exercises _____（be）good for our health.

四、不定式

12. She came into my third class ______（deliver）a call slipand there it was—a smile on her face.

13. He is the first person______（come）and the last one ______（leave）

14. Youll be less likely _______（bring）your work home.

15. As usual， he was the first ______（come）to the library.

16. Dr. Lee was very happy ________（see）his mother taking good care of at home.

五、名詞变形容词

17. Just be _____（patience）.

18. She was surprisingly ______（help）.

19. Some think it is ________（convenience）to get in touch with others with the cell-phone...

20. It can be __________（benefit）to share your feels with someone you trust.

六、形容词变副词

21. It is _____（general）believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

22. Im ________（deep）sorry for what has happened.

23. The southern row in the opposite side were _____（general）used as the study， the reception room， or the man servants dwelling.

24. Given that a quarter of Japans population is _______ （current）over the age of 65， ...

七、有时态标志词的完成时态

25. So far there _______（be）no bad news.

26. In the past two years I _______（see）him little.

27. I _____（hear）nothing from him up to now.

28. The coffee is wonderful！It doesnt taste like anything I ______（have）before.

八、固定词组中的冠词

29. All of _____ sudden we heard a loud explosion that shook the building.

30. Wealth is important， but as _______ matter of fact， I think， it is health that counts.

31. I had to go without breakfast this morning as I was in _____ hurry.

32. As ______ result of her mothers teaching， she never wasters any food.

九、有词提示要用名词复数

33. When the flood subsided（消退）two _______（ day） later， Nancy immediately went back to the highland.

34. We will be exploring different _______（approach）to gathering information.

35. Julie is one of those __________（woman）who always keep up with the latest fashions.

36. ...seeking he limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _______（painting）

37. Different-colored roses have different _______（meaning）

38. There are many interesting _______（ activity）and delicious foods.

参考答案

1. older 2. cleaner 3. warmer 4. wearing 5. being surrounded 6. being sung 7. are 8. is 9. am 10. are， is 11.is 12. to deliver 13. to come， to leave 14. to bring 15. to come 16. to see 17. patient 18. helpful 19. convenient 20. beneficial 21. generally 22. deeply 23. generally 24. currently 25. has been 26. have seen 27. have heard 28. have had 29. a 30. a 31. a 32. a 33. days 34. approaches 35. women 36. paintings 37. meanings 38. activities

后記：总结下来，2019年的语法填空题共10小题，我们就已经“提前”做了8小题，今年全国Ⅰ卷没考定语从句和名词复数（学生觉得很遗憾呢）而是考了名词性从句---同位语从句。全国Ⅱ和Ⅲ卷依然考了定语从句，所以2020年，我们的高考备考除了定语从句、名词性从句，是否还要关注状语从句呢？

责任编辑 蒋小青