高考新题型概要写作初探

2019-06-24 10:49金仙仙
世界家苑 2019年5期
关键词:段落意图要点

金仙仙

1 内容选择

选择的文章来自于《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明(高考综合改革试验省份试用)(第一版)》上第24页的概要写作样本。

1.1 教材分析

这篇文章是一篇说明文,讲述的是不同时期人们对于dirt到底有益身体还是有害身体的不同看法。即:in the early 16th century, ever since 18th century, 和nowadays, 人们对dirt的一个态度变化。文章属于总分的结构。

1.2 学情分析

学生不知道如何去精准地抓要点。学生在课前概要练习中,通过习作可以看出大部分同学都是照搬原文中每一段的main idea,而没有将其转换成自己的语言。

1.3 教学目标

(1) 能够有意识地通过分析文章框架抓要点

(2)在抓要点的时候关注转折性的词,如however, but等;知道在概括要点时,如何处理多个例子文段;明白主题句并不等同于要点。

(3)初步知道用同义词,词性转换的方法改写句子。

2 教学过程设计

Step1 Lead in

T:It seems we come across the difficulty in how to get the main points and changing them into our own words. Todays lesson, we mainly focus on these two aspects.

【设计意图】:学生概要写作后,带领学生再次解读概要写作的评分标准。针对学生的主要问题,引出这堂课的教学目标。

Step2:How to get the main ideas

Task1:Comparison

Q1:Whats the topic of this passage?

Para1:

①Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing.

② However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

Tip1:

【设计意图】:很多学生潜意识里觉得主题句都是文章第一句。针对学生的错误,让学生在课堂中再思考,对学生进行技巧点拨, 让学生关注文本中转折性的词, 如however, but, yet, though, although, even though, in spite of, despite…, 让学生感悟 转折性词语从而确定文章的topic.

Q2:Whats the writing logic of the passage?

A. Place B. Time C. Cause and Effect

Q3:Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?

I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点) C:Conclusion

【设计意图】:向学生渗透,在概要写作中,通过思考文章的写作逻辑,绘制思维导图,可以让学生更快速,更好地把握文章框架,从而不易漏掉要点。从而得出文章要点的整体框架。

Task3:How to deal with details

Para2:In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.

【設计意图】:很多同学在概要写作时,as后面的句子到底属于要点还是细节分不清楚。通过再次解读这部分,让学生意识到第三个技巧:Cut out the details:all the details that explain the main ideas can be left out.

Task4:Thinking:Does the following sentences have the same or different meanings?

Para3:

①Student A:Dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since 18th century.

② Student B:Cleaning away dirt is good to health.

【设计意图】:这两个句子意思差不多,都可以作为第三段的主题句。让学生知道,一个段落中有时候几个句子同时都可以作为主题句。

Task5:Does topic sentence equals to main point?

Ss:“Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.”

【设计意图】:该篇概要写作材料第四段比较特殊,它的第一句是该段主题句,但仅仅写这句作为该段的要点是不够准确的,因为我们无法从这句话得出现在人们对待dirt的态度。设计这个问题主要让学生去感知不能将段落的主题句等同于段落要点。

Task6:Is it a good summary? Tell your reasons..

There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.(I) In the 16th century, People thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, including some Kings in Europe.(P1) However, Since the 18th century, dirt has not been regarded as a nice neighbor. (P2)But nowadays, some scientists encourage children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. (P3)

【设计意图】:这篇概要好的方面在于已经使用了语句间的连接词,同时它已经涵盖了所有要点,而不足在于违背了评分标准里的“完全使用自己的语言”这条。

Step3 Rewrite the main points

Task1:Rewrite:① There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

同义替换

词性转换

句型转换

Task2:Group Work:Have a try

Rewrite:② In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.

【设计意图】:通过小组讨论,改写句子,学生呈现,学生互评,教师点评等手段,强化学生认识同义词转换法在概要写作中的作用。

Task3:Polish your summary

【设计意图】:让学生根据本课概要写作的方法,对自己课前练习写过的这篇概要进行修订,润色。

Homework:Summary Writing:

Read the passage in your work sheet and write a summary of about 60 words for it, using what we have learned in this class.

(作者單位:浙江省永嘉中学)

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