张茉莉 陈云珍 杜树波
[摘要] 目的 探討角膜接触镜对翼状胬肉患者术后角膜损伤修复的影响。 方法 选取2016年3月~2018年3月北京市大兴区人民医院眼科门诊就诊的复发性翼状胬肉患者52例的54眼,并将其随机分为A组(28眼)和B组(26眼)。两组均行翼状胬肉切除术,取带部分角膜缘干细胞的结膜瓣,缝合于手术区巩膜表面。A组术后用角膜接触镜治疗5 d,B组常规遮盖。观察患者术后角膜刺激症状、角膜伤口愈合情况及干眼症的发生情况。 结果 术后第1天,两组角膜刺激性症状评分包括眼痛、异物感、畏光、流泪比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);术后第3、5天,两组角膜刺激症状评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。两组眼痛、异物感、畏光、流泪等角膜刺激症状评分均随术后时间延长而降低。术后第1天,两组角膜上皮愈合率比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),且A组角膜上皮愈合率明显高于B组(P < 0.05);两组第3、5天的角膜上皮愈合率比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);两组术后第1、3、5天的角膜上皮愈合率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。两组术前主观症状评分、角膜荧光染色(FL)评分、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、基础泪液分泌试验(SIt)比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。两组术后主观症状评分、FL、BUT比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),且B组高于或长于A组。与术前比较,两组术后主观症状评分、FL、BUT、SIt差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05),且术后高于或长于术前。 结论 角膜接触镜能明显改善翼状胬肉患者术后的角膜刺激症状,促进角膜损伤的修复,减轻患者术后的不适。
[关键词] 翼状胬肉;接触镜;翼状胬肉切除术;角膜刺激症状;上皮;干眼
[中图分类号] R779.6 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2019)04(c)-0097-04
Effect of contact lens on repair of corneal injury in patients with pterygium
ZHANG Moli CHEN Yunzhen DU Shubo
Department of Ophthalmology, People′s Hospital of Beijing Daxing District, Beijing 102600, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of contact lens on the repair of corneal injury in patients with pterygium. Methods A total of 54 eyes of 52 patients with recurrent pterygium who were treated in the Outpatient Department of People′s Hospital of Beijing Daxing District from March 2016 to March 2018 were randomly divided into group A (28 eyes) and group B (26 eyes). The pterygium resection was performed in both groups, and the conjunctival flap with some limbal stem cells was taken and sutured on the sclera surface of the operation area. Group A was treated with contact lens for 5 days, and group B was routinely covered. The postoperative corneal irritation, corneal wound healing and dry eye syndrome were observed. Results On the first day after operation, the scores of corneal irritation symptoms in the two groups included eye pain, foreign body sensation, photophobia and tears, with significant difference (P < 0.05); on the third and fifth day after operation, there was no significant difference in the scores of corneal irritation symptoms between the two groups (P > 0.05). The scores of corneal irritation symptoms such as eye pain, foreign body sensation, photophobia and tear in both groups decreased with the prolongation of postoperative time. On the first day after operation, the corneal epithelial healing rate of the two groups had significant difference (P < 0.05), and the corneal epithelial healing rate of group A was significantly higher than that of group B (P < 0.05); the corneal epithelial healing rate of the two groups on the third and fifth day had no significant difference (P > 0.05); the corneal epithelial healing rate of the two groups on the first, third and fifth day after operation had significant difference (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in subjective symptom score, corneal fluorescence staining (FL), tear break-up time (BUT) and Schirmer I test (SIt) between the two groups (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in subjective symptom score, FL and BUT between the two groups (P < 0.05), and group B were higher or longer than group A. Compared with pre-operation, there were significant differences in subjective symptom score, FL, BUT and SIt between the two groups (P < 0.05), and postoperative were higher or longer than preoperative. Conclusion Contact lens can significantly improve the corneal irritation sympotoms after operation in patients with pterygium, promote the repair of corneal injury and reduce postoperative discomfort.
[Key words] Pterygium; Contact lens; Pterygium excision; Corneal irritation; Epithelium; Dry eye
翼状胬肉是眼科门诊常见的眼表疾病,主要特征是球结膜纤维血管过度生长,覆盖角膜,从而影响患者的外观、视力和舒适度。翼状胬肉人群患病率为7%~33%,强紫外线照射以及炎热干燥的地域,翼状胬肉更为普遍[1]。目前,该病的标准治疗方法主要是手术治疗。翼状胬肉术后的缺点主要是复发率高(2.1%~87.0%)[2],现有多种治疗复发性翼状胬肉的手术方法,包括自体结膜移植、结膜-角膜缘移植、羊膜移植及丝裂霉素C的应用[3]。复发性翼状胬肉的特点是广泛瘢痕,明显的纤维血管增生和角膜变薄。术中要仔细分离纤维血管,保护血管的底层结构。手术时间长且复杂,导致手术后角膜伤口和结膜伤口的恢复时间延长,会有明显的疼痛感,伤口愈合延迟,感染,散光增加,干眼病等并发症[4]。在手术中应戴上角膜接触镜,以减少术后并发症的发生。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2016年3月~2018年3月北京市大兴区人民医院(以下简称“我院”)眼科门诊就诊患者52例,所有患者均为复发性翼状胬肉;翼状胬肉静止;头部侵入角膜边缘2~5 mm;患者有不同程度的角膜刺激症状或视力下降;两组患者都不在感染期。本研究共纳入52例患者,共计54眼,其中单眼50例,双眼2例;女26例,男26例;年龄47~65岁。按随机数字表法分为A组(28眼)和B组(26眼)。排除标准:糖尿病、结缔组织病和精神疾病;眼科手术史、角膜炎、角膜变性、角膜营养不良、角膜瘢痕、严重干眼症。本研究经我院医学伦理委员会批准。手术均由同一名医生完成,且所有患者均在在术前签署知情同意书。A组中男13例,女13例;平均(59.87±2.20)岁,病程(9.11±4.67)年,翼状胬肉侵入角膜(2.44±1.36)mm;B组中男13例,女13例;平均(60.34±1.45)岁;病程(10.01±3.22)年,翼状胬肉侵入角膜(2.89±1.43)mm。两组年龄、性别、病程、翼状胬肉大小等比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),具有可比性。两组患者术前均无眼部干涩、异物感、烧灼感及视物疲劳等,泪膜破裂时间(BUT)>10 s,基础泪液分泌试验(SIt)>10 mm/5 min,角膜荧光染色(FL)评分<1。
1.2 方法
两组患者术前3 d均给予盐酸左氧氟沙星滴眼液(山东博士伦福瑞达制药有限公司,批号:18052901)滴眼4次/d,术前10 min使用10 g/L聚维酮碘消毒液(上海利康消毒高科技有限公司,批号:310411)冲洗结膜,10 g/L盐酸丙美卡因滴眼液(s.a.Alcon-Couvreurn.v.比利时,批号:17J03VA)表面麻醉,20 g/L盐酸利多卡因注射液(遂成药业股份有限公司,批号:1706042)加1 g/L盐酸肾上腺素注射液(天津医药集团新郑有限公司,批号:1707021)2~3滴,给予结膜下浸润麻醉。显微镜下,胬肉头部前1 mm分离与角膜间黏连至胬肉颈部,向上下方及鼻侧或颞侧(颞侧翼状胬肉)分离,切除体部增生组织。上方球结膜处切除含约1 mm板层角膜缘的结膜瓣,略大于创面范围,剪除筋膜组织,结膜上皮面向上,角膜缘侧与创面角膜缘重合,用10-0缝线缝合于植床面。A组患者术后戴接触镜(Alcon Sure sight含水量24%,直径13.8 mm,基弧8.6 mm,连续配戴型),不包盖术眼,B组常规纱布包盖。两组术后的用药方案相同:妥布霉素地塞米松眼液滴眼,4次/d;玻璃酸钠滴眼液滴眼,4次/d,连续使用1个月[5]。术后5 d拆除结膜缝线,取下接触镜。
1.3 术后随访
分别于术后第1、3、5天摘除角膜接触镜,观察角膜刺激症状及角膜伤口愈合情况。完全愈合:手术区域光滑干净,结膜光滑无充血,角膜上皮覆盖,荧光素钠阴性染色;不完全愈合,角膜上皮荧光素钠阳性染色[6]。两组患者于术前和术后1个月記录干眼症的主观症状评分、FL评分、BUT、SIt。术后评估项目[7-8]:出现眼干异物感、其他症状包括灼热感、痒、畏光、视力模糊、眼疲劳、丝状分泌物等临床症状评分[9];BUT共检查3次,并取均值,BUT≤10 s表示泪膜不稳定;BUT检查后,即刻在裂隙灯显微镜下观察角膜荧光染色情况,并记录评分。FL标准:角膜表面分为4个象限,每个象限为0~3分:0分为不染色,1分为散在染色或轻度划痕,2分为中度染色和轻度融合,3分为浓染及融合;FL>1分,表示有染色[10-11];SIt<10 mm为泪液分泌减少。角膜刺激症状的标准是基于评分评估标准,并参考文献[12]。
1.4 统计学方法
采用SPSS 18.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组间比较采用t检验;计数资料用率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组患者术后角膜刺激症状评分比较
术后第1天,两组角膜刺激性症状评分包括眼痛、异物感、畏光、流泪比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);术后第3、5天,两组角膜刺激症状评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。两组眼痛、异物感、畏光、流泪等角膜刺激症状评分均随术后时间延长而降低。见表1。
2.2 两组患者术后角膜上皮愈合情况比较
术后第1天,两组角膜上皮愈合率比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),且A组角膜上皮愈合率明显高于B组(P < 0.05);两组第3、5天角膜上皮愈合率比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。两组术后第1、3、5天角膜上皮愈合率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。两组均未发现感染或其他并发症。见表2。
2.3 两组患者干眼情况比较
两组术前主观症状评分、FL、BUT、SIt比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。两组术后主观症状评分、FL、BUT比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),且B组高于或长于A组。与术前比较,两组术后主观症状评分、FL、BUT、SIt差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05),且术后高于或长于术前。见表3。
3 讨论
翼状胬肉的治疗仍以手术为主,但复发率较高。翼状胬肉切除联合自体干细胞结膜瓣移植可降低复发率,是目前治疗翼状胬肉的首选方法[13-15]。复发性翼状胬肉术后,角膜刺激更明显,伤口修复时间更长,显著地影响患者的生活品质[16-18]。
亲水性软性角膜接触镜可保护角膜上皮,减轻术后角膜的疼痛。临床上,角膜移植术后、慢性角膜上皮损伤后长期不愈、准分子激光术后、难治性角膜溃疡等使用角膜接触镜,可缩短治疗过程。其作用机制[19]:①镜片覆盖角膜上皮,防止角膜神经暴露;保持角膜水化,防止干眼;②作为屏障,不受眼睑和睫毛刺激;③其促进角膜上皮愈合,较少术后发生感染性角膜炎的概率;④更长的药物保留时间。本研究发现,亲水性软角膜接触镜能明显缩短术后角膜上皮愈合时间,明显减轻术后的角膜刺激症状,与杨建等[20]的研究结果一致。同时,其可以改善患者术后角膜的再上皮化和舒适性[21],术后干眼症的情况也相对较轻,与既往相关研究[22]结果一致。两组患者术后均无继发感染,可能是因为软性接触镜可增加患者局部药物的保留时间[19],且术后不需要摘除眼镜就能点眼药,并可常规行裂隙灯检查,减轻了患者术后的疼痛感,方便患者术后的日常生活。该结论与部分临床研究[23]的结果一致。
综上所述,亲水性软性角膜接触镜可以缩短患者术后角膜上皮的愈合时间,大大减轻患者术后的不适感,减少感染。它是治疗翼状胬肉的有效且有意义的辅助手段。
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(收稿日期:2018-08-15 本文编辑:王 蕾)