秦学玲,杨璐璐,马 娜,蒋新平,秦兴卫
(1.云南省食品药品监督检验研究院,昆明 650011;2.中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九二○医院,昆明 650032;3.云南百康药业有限公司,昆明 650106;4.昆明赛诺制药股份有限公司,昆明 650011)
丹参片具有活血化瘀的作用[1],临床主治各种心血管系统疾病[2-5]。军事训练中急性损伤后期或软组织慢性损伤,有瘀斑或瘀血并伴肿痛者,口服丹参片有活血化瘀及缓解肿痛的作用。研究表明,酚酸类成分是丹参片中的主要有效成分[6],其中丹酚酸A和丹酚酸B的活性最强。丹参片在《中国药典》2015年版一部中的含量测定项为HPLC法测定丹参中丹酚酸B的含量[1],因此,酚酸类成分是控制丹参片质量的重要指标成分。
丹参及丹参片中的丹参酮类成分和酚酸类成分的含量测定方法已有报道[6-19],一般采用HPLC法或高效毛细管电泳法对丹参片中原儿茶醛、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、原儿茶酸乙酯、丹酚酸B和丹酚酸A进行测定。李耿等[20]采用UPLC法在检测波长分别为265和280 nm处同时测定丹参药材中多种成分的含量。本实验以探究丹参片质量控制为关键,以多指标综合评价产品质量为出发点,将快速、简便、高效、灵敏的方法运用到产品的质量控制中。运用UPLC法对本次国家评价性抽验的8个不同厂家74批次丹参片样品,在检测波长为280 nm处对6种酚酸类成分(丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B和丹酚酸A)的含量进行测定,在16 min内能同时快速、准确地测定丹参片中6种酚酸类成分的含量。通过方法学验证,该方法操作简便、准确,重复性好,可快速、有效地控制丹参片的质量,节约分析时间,为丹参片的质量监管提供科学依据。
1.1仪器 超高效液相色谱(UPLC)Agilent Technologies 1290 lnfinity系统(美国安捷伦公司); 色谱柱:Waters BEH C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)(美国Waters公司);Mettler AE240电子天平(瑞士梅特勒-托利多仪器有限公司)。
1.2试药 丹参素钠(批号110855-201311)、迷迭香酸(批号111871-201102)、丹酚酸B(批号111562-201514)和原儿茶醛对照品(批号110810-200506),均购自中国食品药品检定研究院;丹酚酸A(批号96574-01-5)和紫草酸对照品(批号28831-65-4),均购自西亚公司,质量分数≥98%;乙腈为色谱纯(美国Merck公司);水为自制高纯水;其他试剂均为国产分析纯;丹参片为2015年国家评价性抽验抽取的样品(批号150305,宁夏启元国药有限公司)。
2.1混合对照品溶液的制备 精密称取丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B和丹酚酸A对照品适量,加甲醇制成质量浓度分别为0.812 5,0.083 2,0.351 6,0.341 2,0.503 4和0.501 5 mg·mL-1的混合对照品溶液,即得。
2.2供试品溶液的制备 取丹参片样品适量,糖衣片除去糖衣,研细,精密称取0.2 g,置于具塞锥形瓶中,精密加入体积分数为75%的甲醇溶液50 mL,称定质量,超声处理30 min(功率280 W,频率40 kHz),放冷至室温,再称定质量,用体积分数为75%的甲醇溶液补足减失的质量,摇匀,滤过,取续滤液,用0.2 μm微孔滤膜滤过,即得。
2.3阴性样品溶液的制备 取缺丹参的阴性样品,按照2.2项下方法制得阴性样品溶液,即得。
2.4色谱条件 采用Waters BEH C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)色谱柱。以乙腈(A)-1 mL·L-1磷酸溶液(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~14 min,6%B→23%B;14~20 min,23%B→39%B)。柱温:25 ℃;样品管理器温度:4 ℃;流速:0.3 mL·min-1;检测波长:280 nm。色谱图见图1。
2.5线性关系考察 取2.1项下制备的混合对照品溶液,分别进样0.25,0.50,1.00,2.00,5.00,8.00和10.00 μL,以峰面积(y)对进样量(x)进行线性回归,求得工作曲线,得到丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B和丹酚酸A的回归方程分别为:y1=2 234.1x1-11.936(r1=1.000 0);y2=10 776x2+0.947 7(r2=0.999 9);y3=1 195.5x3-7.789 2(r3=1.000 0);y4=1 516.8x4-7.963 7(r4=0.999 9);y5=1 913.3x5+6.303 4(r5=1.000 0);y6=3 712.4x6+38.304(r6=0.999 9)。线性范围分别为0.203 1~8.125 0,0.020 8~0.832 0,0.087 9~3.516 0,0.085 3~3.412 0,0.125 8~5.034 0和0.125 4~5.015 0 μg。
图1 HPLC图
A.混合对照品;B.丹参片样品;C.阴性样品;1.丹参素钠;2.原儿茶醛;3.迷迭香酸;4.紫草酸;5.丹酚酸B;6.丹酚酸A。
Fig.1 HPLC chromatograms
A.mixed reference substances;B.Danshen Tablets sample;C.negative sample;1.tanshinol;2.protocatechuic aldehyde;3.rosmarinci acid;4.lithospermic acid;5.salvianolic acid B;6.salvianolic acid A.
2.6精密度实验 取2.1项下制备的混合对照品溶液,连续进样6次,每次2 μL,测定峰面积值,结果丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B和丹酚酸A峰面积的RSD值分别为0.73%,0.71%,0.41%,0.68%,0.16%和0.96%。结果表明,该仪器精密度良好。
2.7稳定性实验 取2.2项下制备的供试品溶液,于0,2,4,8,12和24 h分别进样2 μL测定,结果丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B和丹酚酸A峰面积的RSD值分别为0.03%,0.23%,0.10%,0.68%,0.11%和0.07%。表明供试品溶液中的6种待测成分在室温放置24 h内基本稳定。
2.8重复性实验 取丹参片样品(批号150305),按照2.2项下方法平行制得6份供试品溶液,按照2.4项下色谱条件进样2 μL测定并计算,结果丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B和丹酚酸A的平均含量分别为7.009,0.799,3.275,3.048,35.480和4.438 mg·g-1,RSD值分别为0.01%,0.09%,0.05%,0.09%,0.01%和0.02%。表明其重复性良好。
2.9回收率实验 精密称取丹参片样品(批号150305),6份,每份0.1 g,置于具塞锥形瓶中,分别精密加入丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B和丹酚酸A质量浓度分别为71.21,8.12,32.81,30.59,354.03和44.52 μg·mL-1的对照品溶液10 mL,再加入体积分数为75%的甲醇溶液50 mL,按照2.2项下方法制备供试品溶液,进样2 μL,测定。结果丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B和丹酚酸A的平均回收率(n=6)分别为99.2%,99.6%,99.5%,98.7%,99.3%和98.9%,RSD值分别为0.49%,0.79%,0.48%,0.92%,0.40%和0.88%。表明该方法回收率良好。
2.10样品的测定 取8个厂家74批次丹参片样品,按照2.2项下方法制备供试品溶液,在2.4项色谱条件下进样2 μL测定,计算含量,结果见表1。
表1 74批次丹参片中6种酚酸类成分的含量测定结果
Tab.1 The results of content determination of 6 phenolic acids in 74 batches Danshen Tablets
样品编号含量/mg·片-1丹参素钠原儿茶醛迷迭香酸紫草酸丹酚酸B丹酚酸A总含量SCG201500031.040.130.760.8713.220.9416.96SCG201500191.820.160.801.1012.251.3917.52SCG201500201.770.140.720.8610.101.3514.94SCG201500461.660.190.871.1012.311.4517.58SCG201500861.470.130.880.9812.711.3117.48SCG201500961.690.170.821.1113.061.5018.35SCG201501051.660.180.921.0813.881.5619.28SCG201501462.290.250.810.869.951.8816.04SCG201501471.740.210.871.1512.701.6418.31SCG201501481.470.150.880.9010.651.0615.11SCG201501631.400.130.981.1314.311.3119.26SCG201502061.720.140.871.2113.441.5418.92SCG201502071.440.140.881.0212.461.0917.03SCG201502081.730.170.811.1612.731.4418.04SCG201502091.480.150.870.9612.441.1417.04SCG201502101.740.180.860.9811.531.3416.63SCG201502111.800.160.791.1412.451.5117.85SCG201502481.540.160.881.1213.941.4019.04SCG201502491.780.150.751.0612.121.5817.44SCG201502501.740.160.781.0212.381.5317.61SCG201502921.820.180.841.0812.391.4517.76SCG201502981.520.140.871.1013.561.5018.69SCG201502991.520.150.861.0813.651.2718.53SCG201503571.670.130.690.809.401.1113.80SCG201503731.730.180.851.0011.671.2716.70SCG201504111.860.160.890.749.410.9814.04SCG201504501.520.160.981.0712.161.1717.06SCG201504511.690.150.871.1112.431.1517.40SCG201504851.790.170.831.1312.491.3317.74SCG201504861.670.160.801.0411.801.2316.70SCG201504901.870.271.361.2414.991.1820.91SCG201501450.840.040.870.9911.620.6715.03SCG201501490.770.030.891.2115.190.7518.84SCG201501500.810.030.851.1014.450.7317.97SCG201501510.900.070.851.0111.760.6915.28SCG201502470.790.030.811.0814.140.6917.54
表1(续) 74批次丹参片中6种酚酸类成分的含量测定结果
Tab.1 (Continued) The results of content determination of 6 phenolic acids in 74 batches Danshen Tablets (mg·片-1)
样品编号含量/mg·片-1丹参素钠原儿茶醛迷迭香酸紫草酸丹酚酸B丹酚酸A总含量SCG201503030.850.020.601.0013.050.6916.21SCG201503500.810.040.871.0914.370.7317.91SCG201503510.790.040.871.0411.920.6815.34SCG201503520.780.020.820.9913.080.5416.23SCG201503530.810.040.881.0511.960.6715.41SCG201503930.800.020.911.2015.220.7118.86SCG201504830.640.031.281.3714.750.6318.70SCG201504840.660.031.301.3614.750.6118.71SCG201500040.190.020.860.868.560.1410.13SCG201500400.250.050.750.7511.490.2413.34SCG201500830.200.010.870.878.920.1510.54SCG201505040.170.040.910.9112.090.1813.86SCG201503720.180.021.081.0811.340.1413.16SCG201503890.180.031.041.0411.330.1413.13SCG201504000.240.061.081.087.300.109.00SCG201504910.180.041.051.0511.400.1413.21SCG201502930.190.050.940.9411.960.1913.78SCG201500850.280.010.490.357.420.188.72SCG201503010.310.020.510.346.930.228.31SCG201503150.390.010.790.4710.430.2412.32SCG201503160.270.050.470.305.940.217.19SCG201504250.390.030.490.6013.890.2915.69SCG201500841.600.151.061.1814.690.5319.21SCG201502562.320.191.030.9012.411.1017.93SCG201503281.520.141.001.0914.610.5518.91SCG201504092.080.151.011.0214.171.1119.56SCG201500090.400.020.730.6013.030.3015.08SCG201502220.240.010.740.4512.400.2214.06SCG201503440.280.010.780.4612.300.2314.06SCG201503040.330.010.980.8214.290.3216.75SCG201504101.660.171.191.1217.351.0922.58SCG201504650.430.011.040.8014.310.3216.91SCG201504741.770.181.201.1317.241.0422.56SCG201500450.310.010.910.7714.550.3416.89SCG201500510.200.010.910.6814.050.3316.18SCG201502650.260.010.770.5114.710.3116.57SCG201502700.220.010.790.5314.470.2816.30SCG201503002.710.291.241.2515.592.3523.43
3.1提取溶剂的选择 分别以甲醇、体积分数分别为50%,70%,75%和90%的甲醇超声提取30 min。结果体积分数为75%的甲醇提取率最高,故选择体积分数为75%的甲醇作为提取溶剂。
3.2提取方法的选择 以体积分数为75%的甲醇为提取溶剂,分别超声15,30和60 min及加热回流0.5,1.0和2.0 h。结果表明,超声提取与加热回流提取效果相当,超声30与60 min效果相当,故提取方法确定为超声提取30 min。
3.3流动相种类的选择 分别考察了甲醇-1 mL·L-1甲酸、甲醇-1 mL·L-1磷酸和乙腈-1 mL·L-1甲酸、乙腈-1 mL·L-1磷酸4种流动相。实验结果表明,采用乙腈-1 mL·L-1磷酸作为流动相效果最佳。
3.4检测波长的选择 采用UPLC-DAD检测器,设定波长范围200~400 nm对样品进行扫描。实验结果表明,当λ=280 nm时样品的吸收峰最多,峰形最好,因此选用λ=280 nm作为6个成分含量测定的检测波长。
现行中药质量标准中含量测定项存在只测定某一成分的含量,影响了中药质量评价的整体性和合理性。本文对丹参片中6个成分同时进行含量测定,可以从整体上反映丹参片的质量,节约提取溶剂并缩短分析时间。