乌檀化学成分的研究

2019-01-10 14:30宋乐苓吴桂莹刘拥军孙敬勇
中成药 2019年10期
关键词:乌苏二氯甲烷羟基

宋乐苓,郗 丹,吴桂莹,刘拥军,孙敬勇∗

(1.济南大学,山东省医学科学院,医学与生命科学学院,山东 济南 250200;2.山东省医学科学院药物研究所,国家卫生部生物技术药物重点实验室,山东省罕少见病重点实验室,山东 济南 250062;3.山东省产品质量检验研究院,山东 济南 250100)

乌檀Nauclea officinalis(Pierre ex Pitard)Merr.et Chun 属于茜草科乌檀属,主要分布于广西、广东、海南以及中国南部的其他省份,作为一种常见的民间用药,常被用于治疗感冒、发烧、咽喉肿痛、急性扁桃体炎、急性结膜炎、湿疹、皮疹、肺炎、肠炎、痢疾、脓疡、泌尿系统感染等[1],目前国内已有“注射液”“浸膏片”2 种形式的制剂用于临床治疗急性扁桃腺炎、急性咽喉炎、急性结膜炎及上呼吸道感染等[2],但到目前为止该植物的抗炎药效物质基础并未完全明确。本课题组前期研究发现,三萜类化合物具有很好的体外抗炎活性,为了更好地开发利用乌檀植物资源,阐明其抗炎作用的物质基础,本实验对其二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯部位中的三萜类化合物进行研究,从中分离得到12 个化合物,其中化合物3~9 均为首次从该植物中分离得到。

1 材料

Bruker Avance Ⅲ600 核磁共振仪、紫外透射反射分析仪(上海康华生化仪器有限公司);WZZ-2S自动旋光仪(上海仪电物理光学仪器有限公司);Trap VL 型质谱仪(美国Agilent 公司);GF254硅胶薄层板、柱层析硅胶(青岛海洋化工厂);ODS-AHG ODS(日本YMC 公司);Sephadex LH-20(瑞士Pharmacia 公司)。实验所用试剂均为分析纯。

乌檀枝叶于2016 年4 月采自海南琼中县黎母山胆木生态药林,经山东中医药大学药学院高德民副教授鉴定为乌檀Nauclea officinalis(Pierre ex Pitard)Merr.et Chun 的枝叶,标本(201604003)存放于本实验室。

2 提取与分离

将干燥的植物粉末(10 kg)在室温下用75%乙醇(80 L)提取3 次,除去溶剂后,将提取物(750 g)分散于水(3 000 mL)中,依次用二氯甲烷(2 000 mL)、乙酸乙酯(2 000 mL)、正丁醇(2 000 mL)萃取3 次,减压干燥后,得到二氯甲烷部位(160.3 g)、乙酸乙酯部位(183.3 g)、正丁醇部位(30 g)的粗提物。二氯甲烷部位经二氯甲烷-甲醇梯度洗脱得到8 个组分Fr.1-Fr.8。Fr.2部分经过二氯甲烷-甲醇梯度洗脱得化合物11(9 mg)、6(8 mg);Fr.3 经硅胶柱层析(二氯甲烷-甲醇梯度洗脱)、凝胶等得化合物4(9 mg)、5(8 mg);Fr.6 部分经硅胶柱层析得化合物9(10 mg);对Fr.4 部分进行荧光检测有暗斑,并且有针状结晶析出,经凝胶及薄层制备得化合物1(7 mg)、2(6 mg)。乙酸乙酯部位经过硅胶柱层析、ODS 甲醇-水梯度洗脱以及凝胶等得化合物7(9 mg)、8(9 mg)、10(20 mg),并经薄层制备、凝胶得化合物3(8 mg),通过重结晶得化合物12(35 mg)。

3 结构鉴定

化合物1:浅棕色针状结晶(乙醇),ESI-MSm/z:170.7 [M-H]-,分 子 式 C7H6O5。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,600 MHz)δ:6.93(2H,s,H-2,H-6);13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,150 MHz)δ:120.3(C-1),108.5(C-2),145.4(C-3),137.9(C-4),145.3(C-5),108.7(C-6),167.4(C-7)。以上数据与文献[3]基本一致,故鉴定为没食子酸。

化合物2:浅棕色针状结晶(乙醇),ESI-MSm/z:153.2 [M-H]-,分 子 式 C7H6O4。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,600 MHz )δ:10.19(1H,brs,-COOH),7.31(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-2),7.36(1H,brs,H-6),6.80(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-5);13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,150 MHz)δ:167.8(-COOH),122.1(C-1),117.0(C-2),145.3(C-3),150.4(C-4),115.6(C-5),122.4(C-6)。以上数据与文献[4]基本一致,故鉴定为3,4-二羟基苯甲酸。

化合物3:黄色针状结晶(乙醇),ESI-MSm/z:285.0[M-H]-,分子式C15H10O6。1H-NMR(DMSOd6,600 MHz)δ:12.49(1H,s,-OH),8.06(2H,d,J=8.6 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.94(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.44(1H,brs,H-8),6.17(1H,d,J=1.2 Hz,H-6);13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,150 MHz)δ:147.2(C-2),136.1(C-3),176.3(C-4),161.2(C-5),98.7(C-6),164.6(C-7),94.0(C-8),156.7(C-9),103.4(C-10),122.1(C-1′),129.9(C-2′),115.9(C-3′),159.7(C-4′),115.9(C-5′),129.9(C-6′)。以上数据与文献[5]基本一致,故鉴定为山柰酚。

化合物4:白色粉末(乙酸乙酯),[α]20℃D=39.2(c=0.18,CH3OH),ESI-MSm/z:495.2[M+Na]+,分子式C30H48O4。1H-NMR(C5d5N,600 MHz)δ:5.47(1H,s,H-12),4.11(1H,m,H-2),3.41(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-3),2.64(1H,d,J=11.4 Hz,H-18),1.29(3H,s,H-23),1.22(3H,s,H-24),1.09(3H,s,H-26),1.05(3H,s,H-27),1.00(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz,H-29),0.99(3H,s,H-25),0.96(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-30);13C-NMR(C5d5N,150 MHz)δ:47.8(C-1),68.4(C-2),83.6(C-3),39.6(C-4),55.7(C-5),18.6(C-6),33.3(C-7),39.8(C-8),47.9(C-9),38.2(C-10),23.5(C-11),125.2(C-12),139.1(C-13),42.3(C-14),28.4(C-15),24.7(C-16),47.8(C-17),53.3(C-18),39.3(C-19),39.2(C-20),30.9(C-21),37.3(C-22),29.8(C-23),16.8(C-24),17.3(C-25),17.5(C-26),23.6(C-27),180.0(C-28),17.3(C-29),21.2(C-30)。以上数据与文献[6]基本一致,故鉴定为2α,3β-二羟基乌苏-12-烯-28-酸。

化合物5:白色粉末(乙醇),[α]20℃D=-18.8(c=0.17,CH3OH),ESI-MSm/z:511.1[M+Na]+,分子式C30H48O5。1H-NMR(C5d5N,600 MHz)δ:5.59(1H,s,H-12),4.12(1H,m,H-2),3.40(1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-3),1.72(3H,s,-CH3),1.45(3H,s,-CH3),1.26(3H,s,-CH3),1.12(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz,-CH3),1.11(3H,s,-CH3),1.09(3H,s,-CH3),1.02(3H,s,-CH3);13C-NMR(C5d5N,150 MHz)δ:47.9(C-1),68.6(C-2),83.9(C-3),39.9(C-4),56.0(C-5),19.0(C-6),33.5(C-7),40.4(C-8),47.8(C-9),38.5(C-10),24.1(C-11),127.9(C-12),140.4(C-13),42.4(C-14),29.4(C-15),26.4(C-16),48.3(C-17),54.6(C-18),72.7(C-19),42.4(C-20),27.0(C-21),38.7(C-22),29.3(C-23),16.8(C-24),17.3(C-25),17.7(C-26),24.7(C-27),180.8(C-28),27.1(C-29),16.9(C-30)。以上数据与文献[7-8]基本一致,故鉴定为2α,3β,19α-三羟基乌苏-12-烯-28-酸。

化合物6:白色粉末(乙醇),[α]20℃D=40.3(c=0.18,CH3OH),ESI-MSm/z:495.1 [M +Na]+,分 子 式C30H48O4。1H-NMR(C5d5N,600 MHz)δ:5.50(1H,s,H-12),4.23(1H,m,H-3),4.20(1H,d,J=10.2 Hz,H-23),3.74(1H,d,J=10.2 Hz,H-23),1.19(3H,s,H-27),1.07(3H,s,H-24),1.07(3H,s,H-26),1.00(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-29),0.98(3H,s,H-25),0.95(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-30);13C-NMR(C5d5N,150 MHz)δ:38.9(C-1),27.7(C-2),73.4(C-3),42.9(C-4),48.5(C-5),18.6(C-6),33.3(C-7),40.0(C-8),48.1(C-9),37.1(C-10),23.7(C-11),125.6(C-12),139.3(C-13),42.6(C-14),28.7(C-15),26.2(C-16),48.2(C-17),53.6(C-18),39.4(C-19),39.8(C-20),31.0(C-21),37.3(C-22),67.7(C-23),13.2(C-24),16.0(C-25),16.1(C-26),23.9(C-27),180.0(C-28),17.5(C-29),21.4(C-30)。以上数据与文献[9]基本一致,故鉴定为23-羟基-乌苏酸。

化合物7:白色粉末(乙醇),[α]20℃D=30.42(c=0.16,CH3OH),ESI-MSm/z:27.8 [M+Na]+,C30H48O6。1H-NMR(C5d5N,600 MHz)δ:5.59(1H,s,H-12),4.26(1H,m,H-2),4.21(1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-3),4.21(1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-23a),3.74(1H,d,J=10.2 Hz,H-23b),3.05(1H,s,H-18),1.66(3H,s,H-29),1.42(3H,s,H-27),1.14(3H,s,H-25),1.12(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-30),1.10(3H,s,H-24),1.08(3H,s,H-26);13C-NMR(C5d5N,150 MHz)δ:47.9(C-1),68.9(C-2),78.1(C-3),43.7(C-4),48.0(C-5),18.7(C-6),33.2(C-7),40.5(C-8),47.8(C-9),38.4(C-10),24.2(C-11),128.0(C-12),140.0(C-13),42.4(C-14),29.3(C-15),26.9(C-16),48.3(C-17),54.6(C-18),72.7(C-19),42.2(C-20),26.4(C-21),38.4(C-22),66.4(C-23),14.4(C-24),17.3(C-25),17.4(C-26),24.7(C-27),180.7(C-28),27.1(C-29),16.8(C-30)。以上数据与文献[10]基本一致,故鉴定为2α,3β,19α,23-四羟基乌苏-12-烯-28-酸。

化合物8:白色粉末(乙醇),[α]20℃D=98.6(c=0.18,CH3OH),ESI-MSm/z:511.1 [M +Na]+,C30H48O5。1H-NMR(C5d5N,600 MHz)δ:5.63(1H,s,H-12),4.41(1H,m,H-2),3.44(1H,d,J=3.6 Hz,H-3),3.08(1H,s,H-18),1.55(3H,s,H-29),1.77(3H,s,H-27),1.38(3H,s,H-25),1.47(3H,s,H-24),1.27(3H,s,H-23),1.18(3H,s,H-26),1.13(3H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-30);13C-NMR(C5d5N,150 MHz)δ:45.0(C-1),71.5(C-2),78.5(C-3),38.5(C-4),56.0(C-5),18.8(C-6),33.7(C-7),38.8(C-8),48.3(C-9),42.2(C-10),24.8(C-11),128.2(C-12),139.9(C-13),40.5(C-14),29.3(C-15),26.5(C-16),48.2(C-17),54.7(C-18),72.7(C-19),42.4(C-20),27.1(C-21),37.3(C-22),30.0(C-23),17.3(C-24),16.8(C-25),18.2(C-26),24.2(C-27),180.7(C-28),27.0(C-29),16.7(C-30)。以上数据与文献[11]基本一致,故鉴定为2β,3β,19α-三羟基乌苏-12-烯-28-酸。

化合物9:白色粉末(乙醇),[α]20℃D=42.3(c=0.19,CH3OH),ESI-MSm/z:635.1 [M +H]+分子式C36H58O5。1H-NMR(C5d5N,600 MHz)δ:5.37(1H,brs,H-12),4.32(1H,m,H-23),4.00(1H,m,H-23),3.96(1H,m,H-3),2.75(1H,d,J=12.6 Hz,H-18),1.00(3H,s,H-27),0.95(3H,s,H-26),0.91(3H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-30),0.88(3H,s,H-25),0.87(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-29),0.67(3H,s,H-24),5.07(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,Glc-H-1),4.43(1H,dd,J=5.1,10.8 Hz,H-2′),4.32(1H,m,H-3′),4.20(1H,dd,J=3.2,7.2 Hz,H-4′),4.01(1H,m,H-5′),4.58(1H,dd,J=2.4,10.8 Hz,H-6b′),4.08(1H,m,H-6a′);13C-NMR(C5d5N,150 MHz)δ:39.4(C-1),29.5(C-2),78.6(C-3),42.5(C-4),50.4(C-5),20.2(C-6),34.2(C-7),40.0(C-8),46.1(C-9),36.4(C-10),23.4(C-11),122.0(C-12),140.9(C-13),43.7(C-14),30.1(C-15),24.6(C-16),47.9(C-17),56.8(C-18),37.5(C-19),40.5(C-20),36.4(C-21),32.1(C-22),66.5(C-23),12.2(C-24),14.3(C-25),19.3(C-26),23.0(C-27),180.7(C-28),19.1(C-29),21.3(C-30),103.5(C-1′),75.9(C-2′),78.7(C-3′),71.8(C-4′),78.4(C-5′),62.9(C-6′)。以上数据与文献[12]基本一致,故鉴定为3-O-β-Dglucopyranosyl-23-hydroxyursolic acid。

化合物10:白色粉末(乙醇),[α]20℃D=23.9(c=0.21,CH3OH),ESI-MSm/z:511.2 [M +Na]+,分 子 式C30H48O5。1H-NMR(C5d5N,600 MHz)δ:5.63(1H,brs,H-12),4.27(1H,m,H-3),4.17(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz,H-23),3.73(1H,d,J=10.2 Hz,H-23),3.07(1H,s,H-18),1.71,1.63,1.46,1.38,1.20(each 3H,s,-CH3×5),1.13(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-30);13C-NMR(C5d5N,150 MHz)δ:40.5(C-1),18.5(C-2),73.1(C-3),42.6(C-4),48.3(C-5),17.8(C-6),33.3(C-7),42.3(C-8),48.2(C-9),37.2(C-10),24.2(C-11),128.2(C-12),140.0(C-13),42.4(C-14),29.3(C-15),27.0(C-16),48.2(C-17),54.7(C-18),72.7(C-19),42.5(C-20),27.1(C-21),38.5(C-22),71.7(C-23),14.6(C-24),17.3(C-25),17.1(C-26),24.8(C-27),180.7(C-28),26.4(C-29),16.8(C-30)。以上数据与文献 [13]基本一致,故鉴定为3β,19α,23-三羟基乌苏-12-烯-28-酸。

化合物11:白色粉末(乙醇),[α]20℃D=74.8(c=0.23,CH3OH),ESI-MSm/z:455.7 [MH]-,分 子 式C30H48O3。1H-NMR(C5d5N,600 MHz)δ:5.48(1H,s,H-12),3.44(1H,m,H-3),2.63(1H,d,J=11.4 Hz,H-18),1.24(3H,s,H-23),1.22(3H,s,H-27),1.05(3H,s,H-26),1.05(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz,H-30),1.02(3H,s,H-25),0.99(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz,H-29),0.88(3H,s,H-24);13C-NMR(C5d5N,150 MHz)δ:39.1(C-1),28.2(C-2),78.1(C-3),39.8(C-4),55.8(C-5),18.8(C-6),33.3(C-7),39.8(C-8),48.1(C-9),37.3(C-10),23.7(C-11),125.7(C-12),139.3(C-13),42.5(C-14),28.7(C-15),24.9(C-16),48.1(C-17),53.6(C-18),39.5(C-19),39.4(C-20),31.1(C-21),37.4(C-22),28.8(C-23),15.7(C-24),16.6(C-25),17.6(C-26),23.9(C-27),179.9(C-28),17.5(C-29),21.4(C-30)。以上数据与文献[14]基本一致,故鉴定为乌苏酸。

化合物12:白色粉末(甲醇),分子式C35H60O6。1H-NMR(C5D5N,600 MHz)δ:5.36(1H,brs,H-6),5.07(1H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-1),4.41(1H,m,H-3),1.00(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-21),0.95(3H,s,H-19),0.91(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-27),0.89(3H,m,H-29),0.87(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-26),0.67(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(C5d5N,150 MHz)δ:38.4(C-1),29.5(C-2),79.6(C-3),40.3(C-4),141.8(C-5),122.9(C-6),33.1(C-7),33.0(C-8),51.3(C-9),37.9(C-10),22.2(C-11),40.9(C-12),43.4(C-13),57.2(C-14),25.5(C-15),30.4(C-16),57.2(C-17),13.1(C-18),20.9(C-19),37.3(C-20),20.0(C-21),35.1(C-22),27.4(C-23),47.0(C-24),31.2(C-25),20.2(C-26),20.4(C-27),24.3(C-28),12.9(C-29),103.5(C-23),76.3(C-1′),79.4(C-2′),72.6(C-3′),79.0(C-4′),63.8(C-5′)。以上数据与文献[15]基本一致,故鉴定为胡萝卜苷。

4 讨论

乌檀属的特征性化学成分为生物碱,是其主要的抗炎活性物质,但关于乌檀中萜类及其抗炎活性的研究很少。本实验从乌檀75%乙醇提取物中分离得到12 个化合物,其中有8 个三萜类化合物,可见萜类也是其重要成分,并且可能是其抗炎活性物质的重要组成及其他生物活性的主要物质基础之一。

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