广东
在讲解语法填空题时,大部分教师把重心放在了答案、解题技巧和考点总结上,而忽略了语法填空所蕴含的文化内涵。为进一步提高学生的英语能力、提升学生的文化意识、培养学生的中国文化自信,教师应该深挖语法填空的中国文化底蕴。
1.符合新课标理念:教育部颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准(2017版)》提出发展学科核心素养,强调对学生语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力的综合培养。帮助学生提升跨文化交流能力,吸取世界文化精华,为传播中国文化创造良好条件,帮助学生树立人类命运共同体意识和多元文化意识,加深对祖国文化的理解,坚定文化自信。新课标首次提出文化自信这一理念,强调要坚定文化自信,具备传播中国文化的能力。面对这种状况,教师在教学过程中要注重提升学生的文化品质,树立学生的中国文化自信,最终达到培养学生英语学科核心素养的目的。
2.顺应高考需要:高考英语要求教师在英语教学实践中要重视和突出中华传统价值观,运用中国元素讲好中国故事,重视语言应用,逐步引导学生传承和发扬中华民族优秀传统文化。近年高考英语全国卷试题中不断出现了有关中国文化自信的考点,如2015年全国卷Ⅰ的语法填空讲述了作者的阳朔之旅:体验中国自然风光之美;2016年全国卷Ⅰ的语法填空涉及中外文化交流:一位英国记者的成都之旅和其与大熊猫的不解之缘;2016年全国卷Ⅲ的语法填空涉及中国饮食文化:筷子的材质、历史和文化内涵;2018年全国卷Ⅱ的语法填空讲述中国调整农作物种植结构,为全球生态环境的改善做贡献。这些高考题都符合新课标理念,渗透中国文化,从而帮助学生树立中国文化自信。
1.改编教材:高中英语教材是举全国专家、学者之力编写的,其选取了最地道的文章,采用了最标准的表达形式,所以教材是学生学习英语之根。例如高中英语人教版教材里面含有不少有关中国文化的素材,教师要深挖教材,根据高考要求改编语法填空。这既能让学生熟悉教材、了解考点,又能让学生进一步了解中国文化、树立中国文化自信。例如下列根据高考要求改编的语法填空:文本源自人教版必修四第二单元Working the land第一篇阅读文章A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE的第3、4段,介绍了中国著名农学家袁隆平的事迹:
Dr.Yuan is quite satisfied with his life.However,he doesn't carebeing famous.He feels it gives him less freedom(do) his research.He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.He enjoys listening to violin music,playing mah-jong,swimming and reading.Spending money on himself or leading a(com fort) life also means very little to him.Indeed,he believes that a person with too much money(have) more rather than fewer troubles.He therefore gives(million) of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.
(答案:1.about; 2.to do; 3.com fortable; 4.has; 5.millions;6.dreaming; 7.a; 8.more; 9.is; 10.who)
2.改编高考真题——完形填空:近年的高考英语完形填空文章都改编自国外的报刊、杂志,这些语言地道、原汁原味的文章讲述的几乎都是好人好事或者人生励志故事,具有极大的教育意义。例如2018年全国卷Ⅰ的完形填空选自美国国家公共电台(NPR)网站,它是2016年4月23日一篇名为Chess For Progress: How A Grandmaster Is Using The Game To Teach Life Skills的文章,这篇文章讲述了国际大师通过免费象棋课向学生传授人生技能。2018年全国卷Ⅱ的完形填空讲述了一位父亲营救陌生人,最终发现救的是自己13年未见的儿子。本文选自2015年1月3日发表在英国网站http://metro.co.uk/的一篇文章。2018年全国卷Ⅲ的完形填空选自澳大利亚网站now tolove一篇名为A wrong number text brought these strangers together的文章。这篇记叙文讲述了由一条来自陌生人的信息而引发的温暖感人的至善故事。这些好人好事或者人生励志故事能美化学生的心灵,让学生感受到巨大的正能量,从而树立正确的价值观。这些与中国传统文化中的“人之初,性本善”“真善美”等是一致的。中国人待人处事或者对自身都强调与人为善、乐善好施、善心常驻等。并且,这些价值观与中国社会主义核心价值观中涉及个人层面的“诚信、友善”也是一致的。教师在分析完形填空试题时,可以适当地提及中国传统文化中的这些观念。
下面的语法填空改编自2018年全国卷Ⅰ完形填空的第2段。这篇完形填空介绍了一位国际象棋大师免费教学生下国际象棋,并以此引导学生将课堂学到的东西运用到工作、生活中的不凡事迹,这正如中国文化中的“师者,所以传道受业解惑也。”教师在介绍这位不凡的外国教师的同时,可以用简短的文段介绍一下中国最伟大的教师——孔子。孔子拥有三千弟子,他因材施教、有教无类,培养了72位贤人,更创立了儒家学说,对中国文化的传播做出了巨大的贡献。教师需提醒学生,孔子在英文中的表达是“Confucius”,而不是“Kong Zi”。改编自2018年全国卷Ⅰ完形填空的语法填空如下:
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returning to teach,and this job was no game for him; he meant business.In his introduction,he madeclear that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to pass the class,among other criteria,we had to w rite a paper on how we plan(apply)what we would learn in class to our future professions and,(eventual),to our lives.I(manage) to get an A in that course and learned life(lesson) that have served me well beyond the classroom.
(答案:1.it; 2.to apply; 3.eventually; 4.managed;5.lessons; 6.a; 7.greatest; 8.which; 9.kindness; 10.teaching)
3.改编体现中国文化自信的时事热点:这既能让学生熟悉时事热点,引发学生的兴趣,又能让学生了解具有中国文化自信的热门事件,从而提升他们的中国文化自信。
案例一:2018年是中国改革开放40周年。习近平总书记于2018年12月18日在人民大会堂发表了振奋人心、掷地有声的讲话!教师可以利用这个时事热点,将习近平总书记在讲话中的古语改编成试题。这既能提升学生的英语解题能力,又能提升学生的文化品质、增强学生的中国文化自信,为祖国的强大而自豪。教师可以以单句语法填空的形式向学生展示这些古语,聚焦某一重点或难点。例如下列聚焦词性转换的六道单句语法填空题:
1._____(succeed) only comes through hard work.(艰难困苦,玉汝于成。北宋哲学家张载《正蒙·乾称篇》)
2.Practice _____(rich) know ledge.More know ledge leads to better practice.(行之力则知愈进,知之深则行愈达。宋代理学家张栻《论语解·序》)
3.Even an _____(establish) nation like Zhou still regards self-renewal as its mission.(周虽旧邦,其命维新《诗经·大雅·文王》)
4.There is more than one way of _____(govern) and the ancient way is not the only way to develop a nation.(治世不一道,便国不法古《史记·商君列传》)
5.Our ancestors told us that as heaven maintains vigor through movement,a gentleman should _____(constant) strive for self perfection.(天行健,君子以自强不息《周易》)
6._____(care) planning and concrete actions lead to success,while complacency results in failure.(事者,生于虑,成于务,失于傲《管子 ·乘马》)
(答案:1.Success; 2.enriches; 3.established; 4.governance;5.constantly; 6.Careful)
案例二:自2018年起,国务院批准将每年秋分日设立为“中国农民丰收节”。设立“中国农民丰收节”将极大调动亿万农民的积极性、主动性、创造性,提升亿万农民的荣誉感、幸福感、获得感。举办“中国农民丰收节”可以展示农村改革发展的巨大成就,农民过上了安居乐业的好日子。
Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival
The nation will celebrate its first Chinese Farmers’Harvest Festival,which falls on the Autumn Equinox (秋分)in 2018.The Autumn Equinox,one of 24 solar terms in the lunar calendar,(mark) the m idpoint of autumn.Though climates and crops differ in various(region),most crops mature in autumn in China.
(答案:1.marks; 2.regions; 3.It; 4.a; 5.confidence;6.With ; 7.to see; 8.are encouraged; 9.but; 10.performances)
案例三:世界最长的跨海大桥——中国港珠澳大桥显示了中国桥梁建设的自信和成就。港珠澳大桥集桥梁、隧道和人工岛于一体,其建设难度极大,因此其被业界誉为桥梁界的“珠穆朗玛峰”。港珠澳大桥建成通车,具有里程碑意义,标志着中国从桥梁大国走向桥梁强国。它的开通有助于港珠澳三地形成“生活一小时圈”,促进经济的发展。
The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge
President Xi Jinping announced the opening of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge at an opening ceremony in the city of Zhuhai,Guangdong Province,on Tuesday morning,October 23rd,2018.Leading officials from Guangdong and the Hong Kong and M acao special administrative regions(attend) the 9 am ceremony,took place at the passenger clearance building of the Zhuhai Port.
There were hundreds of people(represent) the roughly 50 000 construction workers and(engineer)from the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong and Macao SARs who built the bridge.Representatives of bridge operators from the three cities also were presentthe grand opening.
The 55-kilometer bridge-island-tunnel complex,(recognize) as the first sea span across the Pearl River Estuary linking its west and east banks,becomes the premier seacrossing in the world.The bridge is the result of five years of feasibility research and another nine years of construction.The mega cross-boundary complex(official) opens to traffic at 9 am on Wednesday.
Looking ahead,the bridge is expected to(strength)trade,financial collaboration,logistics and tourism among the three places.will bring residents in Hong Kong,Macao and Guangdong within a “one-hour living circle”,which is expected to attract(many) visitors to the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
(答案:1.attended; 2.which; 3.representing; 4.engineers;5.at; 6.recognized; 7.officially; 8.strengthen; 9.It; 10.more)
综上所述,进行语法填空教学时,教师要深挖文本的文化底蕴,渗透中国文化自信。渗透的方法多种多样,最行之有效的方法是善用教材、巧用高考真题、妙用时事热点。这能增强学生的文化意识,树立学生的中国文化自信,最终培养他们的英语学科核心素养。