阅读理解

閱读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

（一）

Study Says No TV on a School Night

A new study suggests that watching TV or playing video games on weeknights can hurt a students performance in school. Do you sometimes put off tackling homework on a school-night to watch TV？ A new study says that middle school students who watch TV or play video games during the week do worse in school.

The study also says that watching TV and playing video games on the weekends doesnt affect school performance that much. “On weekdays， the more they watched， the worse they did，” said Dr. Iman Sharif of Childrens Hospital at Montefiore in New York. Sharif co-authored the study. “They could watch a lot on weekends and it didnt seem to correlate with doing worse in school.”

The study appears in the October of 2006 issue of Pediatrics[小儿科]. Researchers drew their conclusions after surveying 4，500 students in New Hampshire and Vermont middle schools. To reach their findings， researchers didnt look at grades or test scores. Instead， they asked students to rate their own performance on a scale ranging from “excellent” to “below average.”

Other studies have found a connection between kids ability to learn and the amount of TV they watch. One study even found that kids with televisions in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than kids without. Whats a kid to do？ The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that kids watch no more than two hours a day of “quality” TV and that televisions be kept out of childrens rooms. Weekend viewing should be kept to a maximum of four hours each day.

1. It can be inferred that the middle school students_____.

A. who do watch TV or play video games on weekdays do worse in school.

B. who watch TV or play video games on the weekends do worse in school.

C. who dont watch TV or play video games on the weekends do worse in school.

D. who dont watch TV or play video games during the week do worse in school.

2. The underlined word “correlate” in the second paragraph might mean_____.

A. quarrel

B. trouble

C. connect

D. burden

3. Researchers drew their conclusions watching TV or playing video games on that weeknights can hurt a students performance in school_____.

A. by checking the students grades

B. by giving the students a test.

C. by asking students to decide their own performance on a scale

D. by asking the students teachers for the result

4. What measure might be accepted by the parents？

A. Putting the TV in their childrens bed rooms and letting them watch by themselves.

B. Keeping the TV out of their childrens bed rooms and allowing them watching good TV programs no more than 2 hours.

C. Letting their children watch TV 4 hours a day.

D. Preventing them from watching TV from Monday to Friday and only allowing them watch TV on weekends.

（二）

All seafood will run out in 2050，

say scientists

The worlds stocks of seafood will have collapsed by 2050 at present rates of destruction by fishing， scientists said on Nov. 2， 2006. By 2048， to be exact， catches of all the presently fished seafoods will have declined on average by more than 90 per cent since 1950. The study says the loss of biodiversity cut down the ability of oceans to feed the worlds growing human population—expected to rise by 50 per cent to nine billion in 2050.

Over-fishing also destroys the stability of marine environments， largely reducing the oceans ability to produce seafood， resist diseases， filter pollutants and rebound from stresses such as climate change. And every species matters when it comes to the oceans ability to repair itself， says the study.

Dr Boris Worm， of Dalhousie University， Nova Scotia， the lead author， said： “This is what is projected， not predicted， to happen. I am confident we will not go there because we will do something about it. But if this trend continues in this predictable fashion， as it has for the last 50 years， the worlds currently fished seafoods will have reached what we define as collapse by 2048. ”

“Every year a higher percentage of the currently fished stocks has collapsed. We are losing it piece by piece.” Prof Callum Roberts， of the University of York， who was not involved in the study， said： “The animals and plants that inhabit the sea are not merely embellishments[裝饰] to be wondered at. They are essential to the health of the oceans and well-being of human society. We need to ban destructive fishing practices and create a network of large-scale marine reserves around not just Britain， but globally”.

1. According to the passage all seafood will run out in 2050 will_____.

A. make the sea water much fresher and cleaner

B. make it impossible to support more people with the seafood

C. make the whole animals on land die away

D. make the fishermen have more free time to rest

2. What bad result will over-fishing bring to us？

A. Destroying the stability of marine environments.

B. Largely reducing the oceans ability to produce fresh water.

C. Increasing the oceans ability to filter pollutants.

D. Making the ocean have no more capability to repair itself.

3. What is Dr Boris Worms idea about the future of the seafood in the world？

A. All seafood will surely run out in 2050.

B. The seafood will become more and more than now in 2050.

C. Seafoods will not have collapsed if people try their best to protect the ocean.

D. The situation of the seafoods will get much worse than predicted even if people do something about it.

4. How should we do in order to protect the seafood from running out？

A. We should encourage the destructive fishing practices around the world.

B. We should regard the animals and plants that inhabit the sea embellishments to be wondered at.

C. We should create a network of large-range sea reserves around the whole world.

D. We should learn that the animals and plants that inhabit the sea are not necessary to the health of the oceans.

（三）

Sleeping an extra hour will

do your brain good

Early tomorrow morning， the clocks go back to herald Greenwich Mean Time—and that extra hour in bed could do your brain a lot of good， according to a review of research on sleep. Psychologists at the University of Rome pulled together more than 100 studies of the effects of sleep on cognitive tasks and found that staying out of bed for too long can have serious effects on ability to remember and learn new information. For students， they found that a bad nights sleep could even result in worse grades.

In one study， researchers compared health， behaviour， sleep complaints and school performance of normal and poor sleepers. “Twenty-one per cent of poor sleepers failed one or more years at school， while similar problems were observed in just 11% of normal sleepers. Moreover， school achievement difficulties resulted more frequently in poor than in normal sleepers. One of the best predictors for this low school achievement has been identified in childrens fatigue[疲乏]，” said Professor Curcioa.

A study of 3，000 high school students in 1998 showed that students with higher grades reported more total sleep， earlier bedtimes on school nights and less erratic[不穩定的] sleep patterns at weekends than students with lower grades.

Another study investigated the effects of total sleep deprivation[剥夺] on students in a laboratory. After 18 hours movement and response times slowed； at 34 hours endurance dropped； at 42 hours activity， balance and power were significantly weakened； at 50 hours speed was affected.

“Recent studies have strengthened the idea that sleep may play an important role in learning and memory， although the extent of this role remains hotly debated，” wrote Giuseppe Curcioa in the journal Sleep Medicine Reviews.

1. What result might the students bad nights sleep lead to？

A. Good grades

B. Good health

C. Bad eyesight

D. Bad grades

2. What statement is true according to the passage？

A. Poor sleepers have the same conditions in school performance as the normal sleepers.

B. The number of the poor sleepers who failed one or more years at school nearly doubles the number of the normal_____ones.

C. The number of the normal sleepers who failed one or more years at school is nearly half that of the poor ones.

D. School achievement difficulties resulted more frequently in normal than in poor sleepers.

3. Which fact hasnt been found in the students with higher grades？

A. Earlier bedtimes on school nights.

B. Less unstable sleep patterns at weekends.

C. More total sleep.

D. More bad and broken sleep.

4. What advice do you think the experts might give us students？

A. The advice from the experts might be “Stay in bed for that extra hour”.

B. The advice from the experts might be “Get up one hour earlier than before”.

C. The advice from the experts might be“Go to bed one hour later than before”.

D. The advice from the experts might be “Sleep the whole day on Sunday”.

答案与解析

（一）

1. 选A。综合判断题，第一段结尾谈到“一项新的研究说那些在平时看电视或玩电子游戏的人在学校表现糟糕”；第二段第二句话又谈到“在平时，看电视时间越长，成绩越糟糕。”故答案选A。

2. 选C。猜测词意题，根据句意“他们可以在周末看很多电视，并且这似乎和在学校表现糟糕没有什么关系。”

3. 选C。判断分析题，文章第三段谈到“为了取得他们的结果，研究人员并没有去看学生成绩等级或考试成绩。而是让学生自己评价自己的成绩，从‘优秀到‘一般以下”。

4. 选B。综合判断题，只有选项B与文章最后一段谈到的“美国小儿科协会建议孩子每天看‘优秀电视节目的时间不要超过2个小时，并把电视机搬出孩子的房间”，故答案选B。

（二）

1. 选B。文章第一段结尾谈到“准确地说估计到2048年，自1950年以来现在能够得到的所有鱼类海产品的数量将平均下降超过90%。这项研究声称多样性的缺失削弱了海洋为人类日益增长的人口提供食物的可能性”，故答案选B。

2. 选D。综合判断题，文章第二段谈到“过度捕捞还会破坏海洋环境的稳定性，严重减少海洋生产海产品、抵抗疾病、过滤污染物质和从像气候变化这样的应力中回弹的可能性。当海洋开始自我修复的时候，每个物种都会发挥重要作用。”前三个选项与谈到的事实不符，只有D符合题意。

3. 选C。综合判断题，文章第三段新斯科舍省达尔豪斯大学的鲍里斯·沃姆博士说，“……我相信不会出现这种情况的，因为我们正在着手进行这方面的工作。但如果这种趋势以这种可预测的方式持续下去的话，到2048年全世界目前的鱼类和海产品数量将处于我们所界定的崩溃边缘。”

4. 选C。最后一段谈到“没有参加这项研究的约克大学的克卢姆·罗伯茨教授说，‘生长在海洋中的动植物并不仅仅是在起着我们感到惊奇的装饰作用。它们对于海洋和人类社会的健康发展都是不可缺少的。我们需要禁止破坏性的捕鱼活动，我们不仅要在英国周围，而且要在全世界建立一個大规模的海洋保护区网络。”只有选项C与所谈内容相符，故答案选C。

（三）

1. 选D。细节题，答案见文章第一段结尾谈到“罗马大学的心理学家就睡眠对认知任务的影响进行了100多次实验，结果发现在床上休息的时间太短会对记忆能力和学习新知识产生严重影响。对于学生来说，他们发现夜间睡眠不好甚至会导致学习成绩下降。”故答案应选D。

2. 选C。推理判断题，文章第二段第二句话谈到“21%的睡眠不足者在学校一年或更长时间的考试中失败，而正常睡眠者存在类似问题的比率为11%”，故答案为C。

3. 选D。推理判断题，文章第3段谈到“1998年对3000名高中生进行的研究表明，与那些成绩不理想的学生相比，成绩更优秀的学生会得到更完全的睡眠，在上学期间晚上睡觉更早和周末睡眠更加规律。”故答案选D。

4. 选A。逻辑推断题，根据最后一段“最近的研究支持睡眠在学习和记忆方面起着重要作用这一观点，虽然这种作用的程度还在热烈地争论中”可推断出只有答案A更接近题意。