六步巧学关系代词引导的定语从句

陕西铜川市第一中学 贾天霞

试一试——经典考题

根据句意在空白处填入适当的关系代词。

1.Tony，tell me the result of the discussion________you had with your Dad yesterday.

2.The girl______often helps me with my spoken English after school is from England.

3.Mary tells me that Wolf Warriors 2 is one of the best film ______she has seen.

4.The large building _______stands near the railway station is a supermarket.

5.The first prize will go to the writer ______story shows the most imagination.

6.The person_______I shook hands with just now is Professor Brown from Nanchang University.

7.It is known that an elephant is the largest animal______lives on land in the world.

8.My foreign friend and Ilive in a beautiful room_______ windows are very large.

记一记——精准考点

同学们，在初中阶段我们已经接触过定语从句。定语从句就是在主从复合句中作定语的句子。引导定语从句的关系代词有that，which，who(宾格whom，所有格whose)。关系代词除起连接作用外，还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。

1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。

My sister wants to work in the power plantthatis still being built.(作主语，指物)

我妹妹想在这家正在建设的发电厂工作。

Do you know the manwhogave us the talk yesterday?(作主语，指人)

你认识昨天给我们做报告的那个人吗？

The dictionary （that） I bought last week is very useful.(作宾语，指物，可省略)

我上周买的字典非常有用。

2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语时可省略。

The girls came to a parkwhichhad a lot of beautiful flowers.(作主语)

女孩们来到一个有很多美丽花朵的公园。

The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.（作宾语，可省略）

我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。

3.who，whom用于指人，who在从句中作主语，whom作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。

He is the only one of the studentswhohas been a winner of scholarship for three years.(作主语)

在这些学生中，他是唯一一个三年获得奖学金的学生。

This is the person(who/whom)you are looking for.(作宾语)

这就是你要找的那个人。

4.whose既可以用于指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语。

Children who are not active orwhosediet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.

不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。

It was an English novelwhosename I have forgotten.

那是一本英语小说，我忘了它的书名。

辨一辨——难点点拨

that和which的用法区别

关系代词that和which都可以指物，在句中作主语和宾语，但是在下列情况下只能用that，不用which。

1.当先行词为不定代词all， much， everything， anything，nothing，none，the one等时。

They want to doeverything thatthey can to help us out of trouble.他们想要尽力帮助我们摆脱困境。

2.当先行词被only， very， just， last， all， no， little，few，any等词修饰时。

This is theveryfilmthatI want to see.这正是我想看的电影。

3.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。

Thefirstthingthatyou should do is to listen carefully.你要牢记的第一件事情是仔细听。

4.当先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.这是我看过的最有趣的书。

5.当先行词既有人又有物时。

The things and people that I met there were strange.我在那里遇到的人和事都很奇怪。

6.当主句主语是who或which时。

Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat?穿红色外套的女孩子是谁？

学一学——高效方法

看先行词，定范围；析成分，定引导词。

作答时，首先观察先行词是指人还是指物，然后确定可以使用哪几个关系代词。如指人可用that，who，whom和whose，指物可用that，which和whose。然后分析关系代词在句中所作的句子成分，指人作主语可用who/that，作宾语可用who/whom/that，指物用作主语和宾语用that/which，作定语一律用whose。

【典例1】 I live next door to a couple ______children often make a lot of noise.

【答案与解析】whose 语境：我的隔壁是一对夫妇，他们的孩子们吵闹得厉害。先行词是a couple，指人，关系代词在从句中作定语，修饰children，所以填whose。

【典例2】Nowadays，canwefindaperson_______hasnotexperiencedonlineshopping?

【答案与解析】who/that 语境：现在，我们还能找到没有网购经历的人吗？定语从句的先行词是aperson，指人，所填的词引导定语从句并在句中作主语，所以填who/that。

用一用——能力提升

写好书面表达，除了能准确使用词汇外，还需要应用恰当的语法结构来清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。同学们在写书面表达时，恰当地运用定语从句可以使文章的句式丰富，增加文章的亮点，提升文章的档次。其实使用定语从句很简单，请看下面的例子：

【典例1】(2017·全国甲卷)我写信邀请你参加这个周末在我们学校举行的中国剪纸艺术展。

I am writing to invite you to go to the papercutting exhibition.It will be held this weekend in our school.(简单句)

I am writing to invite you to go to the papercutting exhibition which/that will be held this weekend in our school.(定语从句)

【方法】先行词是事物，用which/that代替第二个句子中的主语it，这样关系代词在定语从句中作主语，把两个简单句合并成了一个含有定语从句的复合句。

【典例2】(2017·全国丙卷)教练会给你安排一个伙伴，他会和你一起练习基本技能。

The coach will arrange you a partner.He will practise the basic skills with you.(简单句)

The coach will arrange you a partner who/that will practise the basic skills with you.(定语从句)

【方法】先行词是人，用who或that代替第二个句子中的主语he，这样关系代词在定语从句中作主语，把两个简单句合并成了一个含有定语从句的复合句。

【典例3】(2016·全国乙卷)此外，我希望您能给我修改一下在材料中发现的错误。

Besides，I'd like you to correct the mistakes.You will find the mistakes in the materials.(简单句)

Besides，I'd like you to correct the mistakes(that/which)you will find in the materials.(定语从句)

【方法】先行词是the mistakes，是事物，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以用that/which引导定语从句，由于是作宾语，关系代词可以省略。

练一练——熟能生巧

单句填空

根据句意在空白处填入适当的关系代词。

1.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______lives were affected.

2.The problems _______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.

3.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose_______are good at recognizing their own strengths.

4.Finally he reached a lonely island _______was completely cut off from the outside world.

5.The managers discussed the plan _______will be carried out the next year.

6.Nick is looking for another job because nothing_______he does satisfies his boss.

7.This is the only gold medal______our class got in the sports meeting.

8.Australia _______has beautiful beaches，rainforest and mountains has relaxed and friendly cultures.

9.We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals _______ you are talking about.

10.The Science Museum ______we visited during a recent trip to Britain is one of London's tourist attractions.