潘静
[摘要] 目的 探讨乙型肝炎病毒感染与非霍奇金淋巴瘤发病的相关性。 方法 随机选取2009年2月~2017年8月在我院接受诊疗的640例非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者和640例肺癌患者作为研究对象,640例非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者为观察组,640例肺癌患者为对照组;比较两组患者乙型肝炎标志物阳性率,比较B细胞型、T细胞型两种病理亚型的非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者乙型肝炎标志物阳性率。 结果 观察组患者的 HBsAg阳性率为17.19%,对照组为12.19%,观察组高于对照组,两组之间差异具有统计学意义(χ2=13.32,P<0.05);观察组HBsAg阴性率为18.44%,对照组为21.25%,两组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.31,P>0.05);两组患者单抗体、双抗体及三抗体阳性率组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组 B细胞型NHL患者HBsAg阳性率19.51%,T细胞型NHL患者HBsAg阳性率13.89%,B细胞型的HBsAg阳性率高于T细胞型的,两组之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.02,P<0.05);B细胞型NHL患者HBsAg阴性率为18.05%,T细胞型NHL患者HBsAg阴性率为22.78%,两组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.41,P>0.05);两组患者单抗体、双抗体及三抗体阳性率组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者的乙型肝炎病毒感染率高于肺癌患者,两者存在相关性。乙型肝炎病毒感染和B细胞型NHL的发生也存在相关性。
[关键词] 肝炎病毒乙型;非霍奇金淋巴瘤;感染;相关性
[中图分类号] R733.1;R512.62 [文献标識码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)21-0009-03
[Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical correlation between hepatitis B virus infection and the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Methods 640 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 640 patients with lung cancer who were treated in our hospital from February 2009 to August 2017 were randomly selected as the study subjects. 640 patients with non-Hodgkins lymphoma were assigned to the observation group, and 640 patients with lung cancer were assigned to the control group; the positive rate of hepatitis B markers was compared between the two groups. The positive rate of hepatitis B markers in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with two pathological subtypes: B cell type and T cell type. Results The positive rate of HBsAg was 17.19% in the observation group and 12.19% in the control group. The observation group was higher than the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ2=13.32, P<0.05); the negative rate of HBsAg was 18.44% in the observation group and 21.25% in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(χ2=3.31, P>0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rates of single antibody, double antibody and tri-antibody between the two groups(P>0.05). In the observation group, the positive rate of HBsAg in B-cell type NHL patients was 19.51%, and the positive rate of HBsAg in T-cell type NHL patients was 13.89%. The positive rate of B-cell type HBsAg was higher than that of T-cell type. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ2=5.02, P<0.05); the negative rate of HBsAg in B-cell type NHL patients was 18.05%, and the negative rate of HBsAg in T-cell type NHL patients was 22.78%. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(χ2=3.41, P>0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rates of single antibody, double antibody and tri-antibody between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion The infection rate of hepatitis B virus in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients is higher than that in lung cancer patients, and there is a correlation between the two. There is also a correlation between hepatitis B virus infection and the incidence of B-cell type NHL.
[Key words] Hepatitis B markers;Non-Hodgkins lymphoma;Infection;Correlation
淋巴瘤是起源于淋巴造血系统的恶性肿瘤,根据瘤细胞分为霍奇金淋巴瘤(Hodgkin's lymphoma,HL)和非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,NHL)[1-2]。NHL具有高度异质性,其发病率与死亡率逐年上升[3-4]。依据肿瘤细胞的来源临床主要分为B细胞型、T细胞型,其中又以B细胞型为主[5]。近年来已有大量研究表明嗜肝病毒中丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染与NHL的发生及病情进展有相关性[6]。而乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)与NHL的关系尚未统一。本文选取NHL与肺癌患者作为研究对象,分析研究HBV感染和NHL发生的相关性及HBV与B型NHL发生的相关性,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
随机选取2009年2月~2017年8月在我院接受诊疗的640例NHL患者为观察组,640例肺癌患者为对照组,观察组男330例,女310例,年龄7~90岁,其中 B细胞型410例,T细胞型180例,其他型50例;对照组男324例,女316例,年龄8~92岁,观察组和对照组性别和年龄无统计学差异。见表1。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 检测方法 所有患者均于住院次日清晨空腹静脉取血,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测乙肝病毒抗原抗体,包括HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、HBcAb。乙肝五项试剂盒及检测仪器均由上海科华生物科技有限公司提供,按說明书规定判断阳性或阴性结果。
1.2.2 观察指标 比较两组患者乙型肝炎标志物阳性率,统计分析乙肝病毒感染与两组患者的相关性。再对观察组组内进行分组,比较B细胞型、T细胞型两种病理亚型的NHL患者乙型肝炎标志物阳性率及乙型肝炎病毒感染相关性。HBsAg(+)表示现症HBV感染;HBsAg(-)表示无HBV感染或有S基因突变株存在;单一HBsAb(+)表示接种过疫苗有保护性抗体;双抗体HBsAb(+)HBcAb(+)、三抗体HBsAb(+)HBeAb(+)HBcAb(+)均表示既往HBV感染恢复中。
1.3 统计学方法
采用SPSS17.0软件对数据资料统计分析,分别统计两组患者及观察组B细胞型及T细胞型亚组中乙肝五抗中HBsAg阳性率、HBsAg阴性率、单一抗体(HBsAb)阳性率、双抗体(HBsAb、HBcAb)阳性率,三抗体(HBsAb、HBcAb、HBeAb)阳性率,所有计数资料(%)组间差异性采用χ2检验,P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组患者HBV标志物表达情况
观察组患者的 HBsAg阳性率为17.19%,对照组为12.19%,观察组高于对照组,两组之间差异具有统计学意义(χ2=13.32,P<0.05);观察组HBsAg阴性率为18.44%,对照组为21.25%,两组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.31,P>0.05);两组患者单抗体、双抗体及三抗体阳性率组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2。
2.2 两种病理亚型NHL患者的HBV标志物表达情况
B细胞型NHL患者HBsAg阳性率19.51%,T细胞型NHL患者HBsAg阳性率13.89%,B细胞型的HBsAg阳性率高于T细胞型的,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=5.02,P<0.05);B细胞型NHL患者HBsAg阴性率为18.05%,T细胞型NHL患者HBsAg阴性率为22.78%,两组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.41,P>0.05);两组患者单抗体、双抗体及三抗体阳性率组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表3。
3讨论
近年来,NHL的发病率逐年增长,成为全球高死亡率肿瘤性疾病[7]。据统计我国NHL发病率和死亡率已居恶性肿瘤第五位[8]。其发病机制迄今未明确,病毒感染可能是最重要的环境致病因素和潜在的危险因子[9]。艾滋病病毒感染可直接引起NHL的发生及病情进展,影响预后,B-NHL的发生与HCV感染也密切相关[10]。我国是乙肝大国,HBV是一种高致癌性的嗜肝性病毒,同时也是嗜淋巴细胞性病毒,国内外研究表明[11],合并HBV感染的NHL患者死亡率更高。尤其是化疗后引起HBV复燃导致爆发性肝衰竭致死亡[12]。近年来大量研究表明[13]NHL患者中HBV的感染率明显高于健康人群及除原发性肝癌以外的其他实体肿瘤患者,如大肠癌、胃癌,但HBV的感染究竟是NHL的致病因素还是NHL免疫功能低下后的伴随感染,还无定论。比较肯定的是HBV慢性感染及DNA的长期复制导致机体免疫功能低下激活原癌基因,其亲淋巴细胞特性致淋巴细胞克隆性扩增[14-15]。本研究对640例NHL患者和640例肺癌患者的乙型肝炎标志物进行回顾性分析,NHL组患者的HBsAg阳性率为17.19%,肺癌组为12.19%,观察组明显高于对照组,两组之间的差异具有统计学意义,提示NHL组患者的现症感染率高于肺癌组。肺癌组的HBsAg阴性率和抗体阳性率均高于NHL组,可能提示肺癌患者的乙型肝炎病毒现症感染率低于NHL患者,但在临床中双抗体HBsAb(+)HBcAb(+)、三抗体 HBsAb(+)HBeAb(+)HBcAb(+)均表示既往HBV感染恢复中,但体内HBV是否彻底清除还需要行HBV的检测甚至是肝脏穿刺活组织病理检测来明确,故在今后的研究及临床诊疗中需警惕未完全恢复的乙肝感染者是否需要进一步抗病毒治疗以减轻NHL的病情延缓其进展。
再者NHL患者的病理类型不同所致的HBV感染率也不尽相同,本研究发现B细胞型NHL患者HBsAg阳性率19.51%,T细胞型NHL患者HBsAg阳性率13.89%,B细胞型的HBsAg阳性率高于T细胞型的。推测B细胞型NHL的患者中HBV现症感染率更高。HBV感染对患者体内B细胞具有刺激作用,使得细胞内DNA形成损伤病变,进而导致B细胞转化,Engels EA等[16]的研究表明HBV感染导致NHL的发生机制HCV相似,嗜肝病毒作为外源性刺激物,触发B淋巴细胞克隆性增值,启动原癌基因并形成HBV的致癌性。并有研究者在外周血B淋巴细胞中检测出HBV的DNA,但HBV是否对淋巴细胞有直接的转化作用仍不得而知[17]。临床上HBsAb(+)、HBeAb(+)、HBcAb(+)提示既往HBV感染,本研究中B细胞型NHL的三抗体阳性率低于T细胞型的,跟其他研究者的B细胞型NHL患者HBV慢性感染和隐匿性感染的发生率高的结论相悖。因本研究采取的是常规酶联免疫吸附法,对于高浓度的乙肝核心抗体蛋白样本要进行预稀释,受到其干扰,可出现假阳性、假阴性,致实验结果分析存在偏差。因此今后是否采取灵敏度更高的电化学发光法来进行定量检测值得实验后积累数据进一步的分析研究。本研究仅为回顾性分析,存在收集资料的偏差、忽略NHL合并的其他病毒感染、NHL的严重并发症等干扰因素。故HBV是否对NHL有直接的致病作用有待进一步的研究证实。
总之,本研究结果显示NHL患者感染的HBV明显要高于肺癌患者,在NHL的临床诊疗中需引起关注。但HBV的感染是否能作为评估NHL的预后的指标有待进一步深入研究。HBV与B型NHL有相关性,可能增加B-NHL的发病风险[18],但HBV感染是否为NHL的致病因素,是否在B细胞型NHL的病原学中起作用还需要前瞻性大样本的研究。
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(收稿日期:2018-01-24)