桂婷婷执教绘本课“The Day Without the Morning Call”赏析

2018-06-27 08:33张颜明
小学教学设计(英语) 2018年6期
关键词:赏析绘本老师

张颜明

英语绘本图文并茂、内容丰富,有助于激发学生的阅读兴趣,培养学生的阅读能力和思维品质。在近期“现代与经典”全国小学英语教学观摩研讨会中,桂婷婷老师执教的绘本课“The Day Without the Morning Call”堪称绘本教学的典范。笔者听后深受启发,现撷取片断与同仁们共赏。

一、封面导读,激发兴趣

1.观察封面,了解背景

【教学回顾】

T:(呈现图1)This is the cover of the story.The picture can tell you a lot of information.What do you know from the picture?

S1:The title of the story is The Day Without the Morning Call.

S2:I can see a sun.

T:How’s the sun?

S2:It looks sad.

T:Why?

S2:Because the animals are all sleeping.

T:How do you know that?

S2:There are many Zs.

T:Good!What else do you know?

S3:There is a rooster in front of the house.It is sleeping.

图1

【教学赏析】绘本封面含有许多重要信息,如书名、故事背景、主人公等,理解封面有助于学生把握绘本的核心价值。在阅读绘本之前,桂老师引导学生观察绘本封面图片,帮助学生了解故事背景。在此过程中,桂老师适时追问,引导学生关注图片细节,培养学生的读图能力和推理能力。

2.围绕封面,自主提问

【教学回顾】

T:Look at the title.What does“without”mean?

S1:It means no.

T:Right.Is there any morning call on that day?

Ss:No.

T:Look at the title and cover.What do you want to know about the story?You can ask some questions(教师给出疑问词提示).

S2:Why is everyone sleeping?

S3:Why is the sun unhappy?

T:So you want to know what happened in the story.

S4:Who makes the morning call?

S5:Who is sleeping in the house?

T:So we have the“who”question and the“what”question.

【教学赏析】在学生描述绘本封面后,桂老师将学生的注意力聚焦到“故事眼”without一词上,引导学生根据绘本标题和封面图片自主提问,激发学生的认知需求,培养其分析与质疑能力。接着,桂老师把学生提出的问题归纳为who和what两大类,并在接下来的环节中围绕这两大问题展开教学,使学生从知识的接受者转变为知识的探究者。

二、整体阅读,逐层深入

1.翻看绘本,找出人物

【教学回顾】

T:First,let’s focus on the“who”question.Please go through the picture book quick ly,and find out who are in the story and who makes the morning call.

Ss:(翻看绘本后回答)A donkey/rooster/hen/cow.

T:We know the hen and rooster are chickens.But what’s the difference?

S1:The hen can lay eggs,but the rooster can’t.

T:So the hen is a...(教师挥动自己的长发,启发学生说出girl一词)

S1:Girl,and the rooster is a boy.

T:Good.Who makes the morning call?

Ss:The rooster.

T:How does he make the morning call?Who can show us?

S2:Cock-a-dood le-doo!

T:Does a Chinese rooster call like this?

Ss:No.

T:How does a Chinese rooster call?

S3:喔喔喔!

T:That’s right.So the rooster in the story is from...

Ss:America or England.

【教学赏析】绘本教学中应注重图画与文字的一体性和阅读过程的整体性(张伊娜,2017)。在初读绘本时,桂老师让学生翻看绘本找出故事人物,引导学生通过读文看图构建绘本故事意义,帮助他们从整体上感知绘本。同时,借助简洁的语言启发学生对比hen,rooster的区别,并引导学生对比公鸡打鸣声在汉语和英语中的不同表达,既增添了绘本阅读的趣味性,又巧妙渗透了中西文化差异。

2.自读绘本,梳理情节

【教学回顾】

T:Now,let’s try to solve the“what”question.What happened in the story?(呈现图2)Here are some p lots about the story.Some of them are right,and some of them are wrong.Your job is to read the story again and find out the answers.(学生自读绘本,选出相应情节)

图2

【教学赏析】绘本教学应基于学情,从整体理解的角度设置多元任务,并根据绘本图像和文字的特点,设计逻辑性强、能提升学生思维品质的教学活动,引导学生整体解读文本,理解绘本内容,感受绘本内涵,强化学生的阅读体验(张海燕,2017)。在找出故事人物的基础上,桂老师再次设计了整体阅读绘本的任务,引导学生自读绘本,选出故事情节,帮助学生厘清故事主线。此任务中,桂老师并没有让学生用自己的话概括故事情节,而是基于学情,给出几个选项供学生选择,既减轻了学生的阅读负担,又有效培养了学生的归纳与概括能力。

3.扫读绘本,聚焦细节

【教学回顾】

T:(呈现图3)The rooster isn’t busy,but the others are.What do they do?Please read P1-P3 and find out.Here’s a tip for you.The pictures can help you understand some difficult words.(学生扫读绘本P1-P3,找出关键词)

图3

【教学赏析】在学生整体感知绘本后,教师应引导学生关注绘本中的细节信息,推动学生对绘本的深度感悟。桂老师借助问题“What do they do?”,引导学生扫读绘本,找出关键词,帮助学生把握故事的矛盾冲突点。同时,桂老师提供了根据图片猜测词义的阅读策略,充分体现了绘本图片的价值。

三、角色扮演,体验情感

【教学回顾】

(台下学生读绘本P1-P3旁白,台上学生表演)

T:Three,two,one!

Ss:Freeze!(台上学生定格于刚才的动作)

T:They’re frozen,but they’re thinking.Let’s ask them.Hello,rooster!What were you doing?How do you feel?

S1:I was walking around.I feel relaxed and free.

T:Hi,donkey!What were you doing?

S2:I was making bean curd.

T:Look at the rooster.He was walking around.Are you happy with that?

S2:No!I’m very angry.

T:What about you,hen?

S3:I was laying eggs.I feel tired.

T:How about you,cow?

S4:I was giving milk.I feel tired and angry.

T:(对台下学生说)The donkey,cow and hen are angry.What do they say?Can you guess?

S5:Look at the lazy rooster!

S6:Come and help us!

T:Let’s read P4-P7,and find out.

【教学赏析】角色扮演有助于学生自然地进入角色,在建构故事的同时体验人物情感。在阅读绘本的过程中,桂老师选取故事情节的矛盾冲突点,带领学生进行角色扮演。同时,借助戏剧教学策略Still image,让扮演者突然定格于当时的动作,并采访其感受。该活动使绘本中的文字和图片变得直观和丰满,让学生真切体验到其他动物对公鸡无所事事的不满与愤怒,增强了学生的感性认识,激发了他们继续阅读绘本的欲望。

四、分享感悟,提升主题

【教学回顾】

T:(呈现图4)Now,what will they say to the rooster?

S1:I’m sorry.

S2:Your job is also very important.

T:What do you learn from the story?

S3:Everyone’s job is important.

S4:We should work hard.

S5:We shouldn’t be lazy.

图4

【教学赏析】绘本的核心在于故事所传递的价值。在读后环节,教师应提出判断性、评价性问题,训练学生综合概括和独立思考的能力,启发学生深层次思维;教师还应设置一些开放性问题,为每个学生提供陈述自己观点、看法的机会(朱浦,2008)。桂老师先借助绘本结尾处的留白,引导学生从绘本角色的角度出发,想象此时其他动物会对公鸡说什么。接着,鼓励学生分享从故事中获得的启示,帮助学生理解绘本的深层价值。这两个任务层层递进,促使学生由感性认识上升到理性思辨,绘本主题得以提升。

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