史茹茹,史资,陈新,章慧
摘要 [目的]研究茄叶斑鸠菊的化学成分。[方法]利用硅胶色谱、大孔树脂层析、Sephadex LH-20和ODS反相层析等方法,对茄叶斑鸠菊提取物进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。[结果]从茄叶斑鸠菊中分离得到了6个神经酰胺类化合物,分别鉴定为1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,8E)-2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino] -8-octadecene -1,3-diol、1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)- 2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino]-8 -octadecene-1,3,4-triol、Soya cerbroside I、 (2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxy tetracosanoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol、(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol、(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypentracosanoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol。[结论]6个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,为茄叶斑鸠菊活性成分的开发利用奠定基础。
关键词 斑鸠菊属;茄叶斑鸠菊;化学成分;神经酰胺;分离纯化
中图分类号 R284.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2018)06-0176-03
Study on Chemical Constituents of Vernonia solanifolia
SHI Ruru,SHI Zi,CHEN Xin et al (School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Wuhan Polytechnic University,Wuhan,Hubei 430023)
Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to study the chemical components of Vernonia solanifolia.[Method]The components were isolated and purified by silica gel chromatography,macroporous resin chromatography,Sephadex LH-20 and ODS reverse phase chromatography and other methods,and the structure of the compound was identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data.[Result]Six ceramide compounds were isolated from Vernonia solanifolia,and their structure were identified as 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,8E)-2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino] -8-octadecene -1,3-diol;1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)- 2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino]-8 -octadecene-1,3,4-triol;Soyacerbroside I;(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxy tetracosanoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol;(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol;(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypentracosanoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol.[Conclusion]Six compounds were isolated from Vernonia solanifolia for the first time,which laid the foundation for the development and utilization of the active ingredients of Vernonia solanifolia.
Key words Vernonia;Vernonia solanifolia;Chemical constituents;Ceramide;Separation and purification
茄葉斑鸠菊(Vernonia solanifolia)是菊科斑鸠菊属的植物,又名白花毛桃、咸虾菊、凉藤、过山龙等,全草入药,治腹痛、肠炎、痧气等症。该属植物约1 000种,主产热带地区。我国有30余种,分布在西南至东南部和台湾[1]。该属植物我国民间作为草药入药,全草药用,具有发表散寒、清热止泻的作用,可治疗急性肠胃炎、风热感冒、头痛、疟疾等症[2];美洲该属植物被用作驱虫、抗疟植物药,疗效显著。国内外学者曾对该属植物的化学成分有较多研究,发现主要成分为倍半萜类、三萜、黄酮、甾体、挥发油等,这些成分展现了多方面的药理活性,如抗肿瘤、抗真菌、抗疟等[3]。史资等[4]对茄叶斑鸠菊提取物活性进行了评价,发现该植物全草甲醇提取物具有较强的抗肿瘤活性和抗氧化活性。但有关茄叶斑鸠菊的化学成分研究较少,为了发现抗肿瘤活性物质,笔者对茄叶斑鸠菊甲醇提取物进行了化学成分研究。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料 茄叶斑鸠菊全草采集于中国福建,由福建省亚热带植物研究所陈华良博士鉴定为Vernonia solanifolia,药材标本保存于武汉轻工大学天然产物资源开发与利用研究室。
1.2 仪器与试剂 Bruker AV 400型核磁共振波谱仪(瑞士布鲁克公司);十万分之一分析天平(日本岛津公司,AUWl20D);数显恒温水浴锅(常州丹瑞实验仪器设备有限公司,HH-D4);柱层析硅胶(100~200目,青岛海洋化工厂);MCI GEL CHP 20P (日本三菱化学公司);D101大孔吸附树脂(天津兴南允能高分子技术有限公司);ODS中压色谱柱填料(日本YMC公司);Sephadex LH-20 (Pharmacia 公司);化学试剂均为分析纯(国药集团化学试剂有限公司)。
1.3 试验方法 茄叶斑鸠菊全草5 kg,粉碎,以95%乙醇加热回流提取3次,将提取液合并浓缩至无醇味,加水混悬,依次用石油醚、正丁醇萃取,得石油醚部位浸膏200 g,正丁醇部位浸膏300 g。
石油醚部位浸膏,采用硅胶柱层析,石油醚-乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱,通过TLC检测合并后得到4个组分(Fr I~IV)。Fr III经D101大孔吸附树脂乙醇梯度洗脱,反复硅胶柱层析、反相ODS柱层析和凝胶柱层析进行分离纯化,得到3个化合物,分别为化合物4(9.5 mg)、化合物5(12.8 mg)、化合物6(16.8 mg)。正丁醇部位浸膏,经硅胶柱层析(氯仿-甲醇梯度洗脱),通过TLC检测合并后得到3个组分Fr 1~3,Fr 2经过MCI树脂(甲醇-水梯度洗脱),硅胶柱层析(氯仿-甲醇梯度洗脱)、反相柱层析(甲醇-水梯度洗脱)以及凝胶柱层析(甲醇洗脱)进行分离纯化,得化合物1(18.8 mg)、化合物2(21.2 mg)和化合物3(14.9 mg)。
2 结果与分析
试验分离得到的6个化合物的结构见图1,化合物1~6经过核磁共振波谱技术测定,与参考文献进行对比,发现6个化合物均为神经酰胺类化合物,且均为首次从该植物中分离得到。
2.1 化合物1 白色胶状固体,ESI-MS m/z:716 [M+H]+,分子式为 C40H77NO9。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz) δ:7.49 (1H,d,J=9.0Hz,NH),5.36 (2H,m,H-8,9),4.13 (1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-1″),3.91 (1H,m,H-1a),3.86 (1H,m,H-2′),3.78 (1H,m,H-2),3.68 (1H,dd,J=10.0,6.0 Hz,H-6″a),3.58 (1H,dd,J=10.0,3.8 Hz,H-1b),3.46 (1H,m,H-3),3.41 (1H,m,H-6″b),3.16 (1H,m,H-3″),3.12 (1H,m,H-5″),3.06 (1H,m,H-4″),2.96 (1H,m,H-2″),1.94 (4H,m,H-7,10),1.56 (4H,m,H-3′,4′),1.55 (2H,m,H-5),1.27 (2H,m,H-4),1.20~1.38 (16H,m,H-6,11-15,16,17),1.20~1.38 (22H,m,H-5′-15′),0.86 (6H,t,J=7.0 Hz,H-18,16′);13C-NMR (DMSO-d6,100 MHz) δ:174.6 (C-1′),131.0 (C-8),128.7 (C-9),104.8 (C-1″),77.8 (C-3″),77.5(C-5″),74.4 (C-2″),71.9 (C-2′),70.5 (C-3),70.5 (C-4″),70.0 (C-1),62.0 (C-6″),53.6 (C-2),35.3 (C-3′),34.3 (C-4),33.0(C-7),32.8 (C-10),32.1 (C-16),32.1 (C-14′),28.0~29.5 (C-6,11-15),28.0-29.5 (C-5′-13′),25.6 (C-4′),25.1 (C-5),23.2 (C-17,15′),14.7(C-18,16′)。以上数据与文献[5]报道的化合物1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,8E)-2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3-diol基本一致。
2.2 化合物2 白色胶状固体,ESI-MS m/z:732[M+H]+,分子式为C40H77NO10。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz) δ:7.51 (1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,NH),5.38 (2H,m,H-8,9),4.14 (1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-1″),4.10 (1H,m,H-2),3.85 (1H,m,H-2′),3.80 (1H,m,H-1a),3.69 (1H,m,H-6″a),3.66 (1H,m,H-1b),3.37 (1H,m,H-3),3.44 (1H,m,H-6″b),3.35 (1H,m,H-4),3.14 (1H,m,H-3″),3.10 (1H,m,H-5″),3.04 (1H,m,H-4″),2.94 (1H,m,H-2″),1.93 (4H,m,H-7,10),1.49 (4H,m,H-3′,4′),1.19~1.36 (16H,m,H-5,6,11-17),1.19-1.36 (22H,m,H-5′-15′),0.88 (6H,t,J=7.0 Hz,H-18,16′);13C-NMR (DMSO-d6,100 MHz) δ:174.7 (C-1′),131.2 (C-8),130.8 (C-9),104.6 (C-1″),77.8 (C-3″),77.5(C-5″),75.1 (C-4),74.4 (C-2″),71.9 (C-2′),71.5 (C-3),70.9 (C-4″),69.8 (C-1),62.0 (C-6″),50.8 (C-2),35.5 (C-3′),33.2 (C-7),32.9 (C-10),32.2 (C-16,14′),29.5~30.0 (C-6,11-15),29.5~30.0 (C-5′-13′),26.4 (C-5),25.3 (C-4′),23.0 (C-17,15′),14.9 (C-18,16′)。以上數据与文献[5]报道的化合物1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino]- 8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol基本一致。
2.3 化合物3 白色无定型粉末,ESI-MS m/z:737 [M+Na]+,分子式为C40H75NO9。1H-NMR(C5D5N,400MHz) δ:8.39 (1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,NH),5.98 (2H,m,H-5,9),5.48 (2H,m,H-4,8),4.94 (1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-1″),4.52 (1H,m,H-6′b),4.39 (1H,m,H-6′a),4.26 (2H,m,H-1a,3″),4.23 (2H,m,H-1b,4″),4.07 (3H,m,H-2,3,2′),3.92 (2H,m,H-2′,5″),2.15 (4H,s,H-6,7),1.98 (2H,m,H-10),1.72 (2H,m,H-3′),1.38 (2H,m,H-4′),1.20~1.36 (14H,m,H-11-17),1.20~1.38 (22H,m,H-5′-15′),0.87 (6H,t,J=7.0 Hz,H-18,16′);13C-NMR(C5D5N,100 MHz) δ:174.6 (C-1′),131.6 (C-5),131.2 (C-9),130.2 (C-4),129.5 (C-8),104.5 (C-1″),77.4 (C-3″),77.1 (C-5″),74.1 (C-2″),71.6 (C-2′),70.3 (C-3),70.3 (C-4″),69.1 (C-1),61.8 (C-6″),53.7 (C-2),34.8 (C-3′),33.9 (C-10),33.3 (C-6),33.2 (C-7),29.4~30.1 (C-11-16),29.4~30.1 (C-5′-14′),24.8 (C-4′),22.1 (C-17,15′),13.5 (C-18,16′)。以上數据与文献[6]报道的化合物Soya cerbroside I基本一致。
2.4 化合物4 白色粉末,ESI-MS m/z:682[M+H]+,分子式为C42H83NO5。1H-NMR(C5D5N,400MHz) δ:8.95 (1H,d,J=8.6 Hz,NH),5.79 (2H,m,H-8,9),5.31 (1H,m,H-2),4.96 (1H,m,H-2′),4.86 (1H,dd,J=10.6,4.7 Hz,H-1a),4.75 (1H,dd,J=10.6,4.7 Hz,H-1b),4.65 (1H,m,H-4),4.71 (1H,m,H-3),1.60~1.65 (14H,m,H-11-17),1.60-1.65 (38H,m,H-4′-23′),1.21 (6H,t,J=6.5 Hz,H-18,24′);13C-NMR (C5D5N,100 MHz) δ:175.6 (C-1′),131.6 (C-9),131.4 (C-8),75.8 (C-3),71.8 (C-4),71.4 (C-2′),61.1 (C-1),52.3 (C-2),34.6 (C-3′),32.8 (C-5),32.1 (C-10),31.8 (C-7),25.9 (C-6),31.4 (C-16,22′),29.1~31.2 (C-11-15),29.1~31.2 (C-5′-21′),24.6 (C-4′),22.1 (C-17,23′),13.2 (C-18,24′)。以上数据与文献[7]报道的化合物(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxytetracosanoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol基本一致。
2.5 化合物5 白色无定形粉末,ESI-MS m/z:570[M+H]+,分子式为C34H67NO5。1H-NMR(C5D5N,400MHz) δ:8.62 (1H,d,J=8.5 Hz,NH),5.61 (2H,m,H-8,9),5.06 (1H,m,H-2),4.59 (1H,m,H-2′),4.51 (1H,dd,J=10.6,4.6 Hz,H-1a),4.32 (1H,dd,J=10.6,4.6 Hz,H-1b),4.21 (2H,m,H-3,4),2.18 (4H,m,H-3′,5),1.98 (6H,m,H-6,7,10),1.65 (4H,m,H-15′,17),1.20~1.38 (22H,m,H-4′-14′),1.20~1.38 (12H,m,H-11-16),0.89 (6H,t,J=6.5 Hz,H-18,16′);13C-NMR (C5D5N,100 MHz) δ:174.3 (C-1′),131.5 (C-9),131.2 (C-8),75.5 (C-3),71.6 (C-2′),71.0 (C-4),60.7 (C-1),51.6 (C-2),34.6 (C-3′),32.5 (C-5),32.0 (C-6),31.7 (C-4′),30.8 (C-7,10),26.8~30.1 (11-16),26.8~30.1 (5′-14′),21.6 (C-17,15′),13.2 (C-18,16′)。以上数据与文献[8]报道的化合物 (2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol基本一致。
2.6 化合物6 白色无定形粉末,ESI-MS m/z:696[M+H]+,分子式为C43H85NO5。1H-NMR(C5D5N,400 MHz) δ:8.65 (1H,d,J=8.6 Hz,NH),5.59 (1H,m,H-8),5.56 (1H,m,H-9),5.15 (1H,m,H-2),4.67 (1H,m,H-2′),4.56 (1H,m,H-1a),4.49 (1H,m,H-1b),4.40 (1H,m,H-4),4.35 (1H,m,H-3),2.33 (2H,m,H-6),2.29 (2H,m,H-3′a),2.23 (2H,m,H-10),2.09 (2H,m,H-3′b),2.07 (2H,m,H-7),2.03 (2H,m,H-5),1.80 (2H,m,H-4′),1.25~1.38 (14H,m,H-11-17),1.25~1.38 (40H,m,H-5′-24′),0.86 (6H,t,J=6.7 Hz,H-18,25′);13C-NMR (C5D5N,100MHz) δ:174.3 (C-1′),129.9 (C-9),129.6 (C-8),75.9 (C-3),71.9 (C-4),71.5 (C-2′),61.0 (C-1),52.0 (C-2),34.7 (C-3′),33.2 (C-5),32.8 (C-6),32.3 (C-10),32.0 (C-7),25.7 (C-4′),22.0~31.1 (11-17),22.0~31.1 (5′-24′),13.2 (C-18,25′)。以上数据与文献[9]报道的化合物 (2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypentracosanoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol基本一致。
3 結论
该研究通过系统分离纯化,从茄叶斑鸠菊全草提取物中分离鉴定了6个神经酰胺类化合物,经结构鉴定分别为1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,8E)-2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino] -8-octadecene -1,3-diol、1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)- 2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino]-8 -octadecene-1,3,4-triol、Soya cerbroside I、 (2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxy tetracosanoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol、(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypalmitoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol、(2S,3S,4R,8E) -2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxypentracosanoyl amino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol。经检索,6个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,该类化合物具有显著的抗肿瘤、抗HIV、抗病毒、免疫调节、抗菌、抗炎等活性[10-12]。
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