❷用连词“穿针引线”时的易错点

安徽 胡发高

■用法诠释

连词是一种虚词，它不能独立充当句子成分，而只能连接单词、短语、句子或者从句，起的是“穿针引线”的作用。

连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词两大种类。现结合2018年各地中考试题，谈谈运用连词时的易错点。

一、并列连词

并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语或句子。最常用的并列连词有“独身型”的and、but、or、so和“伙伴型”的both...and、either...or、neither...nor、not only...but also等。其中极易出错的有以下这些：

1.and与but

考查并列连词的试题常以and、but、so、or作为选项。and通常用于表示对前面意思的“对应延续”，而but则表示前面意思的“转折”，因此解题时必须仔细推敲前后句意，否则就会误选and或but。例如：

我想要买一台电脑，可没有足够的钱。

I want to buy a computer，and I don't have enough money.(×)

I want to buy a computer，but I don't have enough money.(√)

2.and与or

“祈使句+and+陈述句”与“祈使句+or+陈述句”的用法辨异，是近几年来出现最频繁的连词考点之一。在这两种句型中，“and+陈述句”表示前面祈使句的“对应结果”，而“or+陈述句”则表示前面祈使句的“相反结果”，即“否则就会……”。因此解题时，必须依照其中祈使句和陈述句表达的对应含义来判断是填and还是填or。例如：努力学习，你会取得更大的进步。

Work harder，or you will make greater progress.(×)

Work harder，and you willmake greater progress.(√)

快点，否则你会上学迟到。

Hurry up，or you will be late for school.(√)

3.so

so连接的句子表示结果。注意：表示因果关系时，“一山不容二虎”。即同一句中用了so就不能再用because。同样，用了because也不能再用so。例如：

因为她喜欢鸡肉，所以她经常吃。

Because she likes chicken，so she eats it very often.(×)

Because she likes chicken，she eats it very often.(√)

She likes chicken，so she eats it very often.(√)

4.both...and，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also

辨别both...and，either...or，neither...nor和not only...but also的用法时，我们不但要注意它们自身的含义和句意，还要注意句中谓语的表达形式。

◆both...and意为“两个都……”，句子的谓语要用复数形式。例如：

约翰和彼得正在操场上玩。

Both John and Peter is playing on the playground.(×)

Both John and Peter are playing on the playground.(√)

◆either...or意为“或者……或者……”，句子的谓语依据or后面的主语而定。例如：

明天我或者你去那里。

Either you or I are going there tomorrow.(×)

Either you or I am going there tomorrow.(√)

◆neither...nor...意为“……和……都不”或者“既不……也不……”。通常连接两个对等的成分，用于否定两者。连接主语时，句中的谓语通常与nor连接的主语保持人称和数的一致。例如：

Neither he nor his younger brother is at home today.今天他和他弟弟都不在家。

◆not only...but also各引导一个主语时，句子的谓语通常依据but also后面的主语而定；not only...but also各引导一个句子时，not only所在的句子要用倒装语序。例如：

不但学生而且他们的老师也喜欢那部影片。

Not only the students but also their teacher are enjoying the film.(×)

Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.(√)

二、从属连词

从属连词用来引导名词性从句和状语从句。连词用于引导从句以形成句子的一部分或修饰句子的构成要素。

英语的从属连词较多，有表示假设的if和unless，有表示让步的though和although，有表示原因的because，as，why，有表示时间的when，while，as，before，after，since，until，as soon as。另外还有表示目的的so that，表示结果的so、so that等。

在中考英语试题中，考点主要围绕表示“假设、让步、原因、时间”的连词来设置，其中极易出错的有以下这些：

1.if与unless

if和unless都可用来引导条件状语从句。if表示“如果”，与主句形成“正向假设”关系；unless表示“如果不；除非”，相当于if not，与主句形成“反向假设”关系。解答含if和unless用法的试题，易错点在于能否准确理解从句与主句之间的逻辑关系。例如：

如果你不抓紧，就会错过最近的火车。

You will miss the last bus if you hurry up.(×)

You will miss the last bus unless you hurry up.(√)

You will miss the last bus if you don't hurry up.(√)

2.though/although

though/although连接的句子表示让步概念。汉语中我们可以说“虽然……但是……”，但在英语中不行，though/although和but也是“一山不容二虎”。即同一句中用了though/although就不能再用but。同样，用了but也不能再用though/although。例如：

虽然他退休了，但是他还努力工作。

Though/Although he has been retired，but he still works hard.(×)

Though/Although he has been retired，he still works hard.(√)

He has been retired，but he still works hard.(√)

3.because与because of

解答考查“原因”的试题时，because的最大干扰项是because of。because属连词，引导的是从句，而because of是介词短语，后面接的是短语而不是句子。解答这类题关键是看所接的是句子还是短语。

因为那里没有水，所以他非常渴。

He was very thirsty because of there was no water there.(×)

He was very thirsty because there was no water there.(√)

4.until与before

在考查until用法的单项选择题中，常以before作为干扰项。尤其是表示“在……之前”时，考生在until和before两个选项中极易出错。解答这类试题时，应特别注意until的两种含义：一是until与延续性或状态性动词连用时表示“直到……”，二是until与瞬间动词连用时表示“在……之前（不要…… /没有……）”，此时，主句的谓语是否定式或句子含有否定概念。例如：

迈克直到爸爸回来才去睡觉。

Mike went to bed until his father came back.(×)

Mike didn't go to bed until his father came back.(√)

■真题链接

1.China is getting more and more independent of western technology，_______it is leading in many fields，such as the self-driving car industry.

【2018·广东中考题】

A./ B.or C.but D.and

2.Peter spent half a day fishing by the river，_______he didn't catch anything.

【2018·上海中考题】

A.so B.or C.for D.but

3.Be patient!Give him more time，________he will find the answer to the question on his own.

【2018·泰州中考题】

A.but B.or C.and D.so

4._______Anna______ _her brother like listening to soft music.

【2018·青岛中考题】

A.Both;and B.Neither;nor

C.Either;or D.Not only;but also

5.—Why don't you get used to the life in Beijing?

—_______the crowded traffic _______the high living cost.The only reason is the badly polluted air.

【2018·达州中考题】

A.Not only;but also B.Either;or

C.Both;and D.Neither;nor

6.—Which show do you prefer，Running ManorThe Reader?

—The Reader，of course _______I_______my brother likes it.

【2018·黄冈中考题】

A.Both;and B.Neither;nor

C.Either;or D.Not only;but also

7_____.__his right hand was hurt，_______he wrote slowly.

【2018·凉山中考题】

A.Because;so B.Because;/

C.Although;but D.Although;/

8.—It has been much easier for me to go to work _______shared bikes appeared.

—But they also caused plenty of problems.

【2018·宜昌中考题】

A.since B.before C.unless D.though

9.Don't forget to wash your hands ________you have meals.

【2011·临沂中考题】

A.before B.until C.though D.unless

10.In summer，food will go bad quickly_______we put it into a fridge.

【2018·兰州中考题】

A.if B.unless

C.as soon as D.while

11.Every day，he gets up early _______he can catch the first bus.

【2017·六盘水中考题】

A.because B.since

C.when D.so that

12.Many people like pandas _______they are cute.

【2018·北京中考题】

A.though B.if

C.while D.because

13.Bob，dinnerisready.Please wash your hands _______ you eat.

【2018·河北中考题】

A.until B.after C.while D.before

14.—Learning to love is like learning to walk.

—Yes，______we step out bravely，we'll find it's not so difficult.

【2018·眉山中考题】

A.as if B.even though

C.as long as D.as far as

15.—Can students go online during lessons?

—They can _______it is for that lesson.

【2018·江西中考题】

A.if B.or C.so D.but