“形副”—— 非选择题的独宠

⊙ 陈葵强 河北省蠡县中学高级教师

一、形容词考查：表语、定语、比较级和最高级

（一）作表语：在系动词后作表语。

首先我们要明白的是，系表结构由两部分构成：系动词和表语。1. 系动词（分为三类）：

1) Be动词及表状态的词：am、is、are、was、were、remain、stay、keep等；

2) 感官动词：sound、look、taste、feel、smell等；

3) 表变化的动词：appear、become、grow、get、turn、go、come等。

注意：有一些动词既可以作系动词，又可以作及物动词和不及物动词；系动词没有被动形式，通常用主动表示被动，且没有进行时。如：

He is growing very fast. （不及物动词）

I am growing apples in my backyard. （及物动词）

The sea is growing rough. （系动词）

He is tasting the food. （及物动词）

The food tastes good. （连系动词）

Tasting good, the fruits sell well. （taste作系动词，没有被动形式）

形容词、副词是高考中语法填空、短文改错这些非选择题爱考的考点，纵观2016和2017年高考卷，这类题目均占有10多题的分量，具有不可轻视的地位。考生们如能掌握这两个考点，就可以轻松得分。下面就给大家分别介绍形容词和副词考点。

2. 表语：

在高考考查过程中，充当表语的常是形容词。

注意：一般以ly结尾的为副词，但是daily、weekly、friendly、lovely、lively、monthly等除外；使役动词转换来的形容词-ing形式表示“令人，使人……的”，-ed形式表示“人……（状态）”，如：surprising/surprised；worrying/worried；disappointing/disappointed；shocking/shocked等。如：

Everyone was very friendly towards me. （每个人都对我十分友好。）

This is a worrying day. （这是令人担忧的一天。）

He was worried about his score. （他很担忧自己的分数。）

Father was so pleased that he suggested I go at once. （父亲太高兴了，于是他建议我赶紧走。）

（二）作定语：形容词一般放在名词前作定语。

He is a successful writer. （他是一位成功的作家。）

但是在下列情况中，作定语的形容词要放在其所修饰的名词之后：

1. 以a-开头的形容词作定语时要后置，常见的有alive、afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake 等。如：

He must be the best violinist alive. （他一定是当代最好的小提琴手了。）2. 形容词修饰不定代词时后置。如：

Anyone intelligent can do it. （任何有头脑的人都能做这件事。）3. 形容词性短语作定语时要后置。如：

I think he is a man suitable for the job. （我认为他很适合做这项工作。）注意：Else用来修饰复合代词、疑问代词等时，必须后置。如：Little else remains to be done. （剩下没什么要做的事了。）

（三）比较级和最高级

1. 注意不规则形容词的比较级和最高级的拼写。如：

far—farther（表距离上）/further（表程度上）—farthest/furthest

good/well—better—best

bad—worse—worst

2. 形容词最高级前面一定要填the，the后面给出的形容词一定是最高级形式，而副词最高级前的the则可有可无。如：

Andy is content with the toy. It is the _______ (good) he has ever got. (2015四川，答案：best)3. Even/much/a lot/any（常在否定句和疑问句中）等修饰比较级，所以后面常跟比较级。如：

The screen turned even brighter. （屏幕变得更亮了。）

The crop was growing much slower than he expected. （庄稼的长势比他的预期慢多了。）

I feel a lot better now. （我现在感到好多了。）

Is that any better? （情况好点了吗？）

二、副词考查：修饰动词，放在动词前后的情况都有；修饰形容词和副词，放在其前。

He spoke English fluently. （他的英语说得很流利。）

It’s extremely cold. （今天非常冷。）

I’m terribly disappointed at the news. （我对这个消息非常失望。）

He works very hard. （他非常努力地工作。）

They were getting along fairly well with each other. （他们相处得很不错。）

注意：形容词变成副词，要注意正确书写副词，否则无论是短文改错题还是语法填空题都很难得分。规律如下：

★ 直接加ly：

fortunate—fortunately；unfortunate—unfortunately；immediate—immediately；complete—completely；entire—entirely；extreme—extremely；private—privately等。

★ 去e加ly：

true—truly；whole—wholly（高中词汇中只有这两个，其余以e结尾且不是以le结尾的词都直接加ly）。

★ 辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i加ly：

happy—happily；lucky—luckily；easy—easily等。★ 以le结尾的形容词，变e为y成为副词：

terrible—terribly；possible—possibly；impossible—impossibly；probable—probably；horrible—horribly；comfortable—comfortably；sensible—sensibly；simple—simply；flexible—flexibly等。

真题演练

一、语法填空：

1. (2017全国卷I) As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even ______ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.

2. (2017全国卷I) However, be______ (care) not to go to extreme.

3. (2017全国卷II) It must have been _______(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.

4. (2017全国卷II) The Central London Railway was one of the most _____ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.

5. (2017全国卷III) It is ______ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.

6. (2017浙江) She noticed a_______ (shine) object.

7. (2017浙江) Sixteen years ________ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.

8. (2016全国卷I) The title will be _________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.

9. (2016全国卷II) Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks_______ (regular).

10. (2016全国卷II) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those of _______ (great) and less importance.

11. (2016全国卷III) Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which(gradual) turned into chopsticks.

12. (2016四川) Chinese scientists _________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild panda with a newborn baby.

13. (2016四川) She was a very________ (care) mother.

14. (2015新课标全国卷I) Abercrombie&Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

15. (2015全国新课标II) The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the Americans Southwest are admired by even_______ most modern of architects and engineers.

16. (2015全国新课标II) Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _______ (slow) during cool nights.

17. (2015全国新课标II) As_______ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly

how thick the adobe walls needed to be make the cycle work on most days.

二、改错：

1. (2017全国卷I) It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.

2. (2017全国卷II) In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.

3. (2017全国卷III) I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music and collecting the late music albums.

4. (2016全国卷I) Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.

5. (2016全国卷I) My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.

6. (2016全国卷III) At one time, I even felt my parent couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.

7. (2016四川) Mom was grateful and moving.

8. (2016浙江) It was both excited and frightening to be up there!

9. (2016全国卷III) They were also the best and worse years in my life.

10. (2015全国新课标I) Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.

11. (2015全国新课标II) Dad and I were terrible worried.

12. (2015浙江) On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field.

13. (2015湖南) I thought the biscuits were really well.

答案

一、

1. worse;

2. careful;

3. fairly;

4. successful;

5. certainly;

6. shiny/shining;7. earlier;

8. officially;

9. regularly;

10. greater;

11. gradually;

12. recently;

13. caring/careful;

14. regularly;

15. the;

16. slowly;

17. natural

二、

1. suddenly—sudden;

2. interesting—interested;

3. difference—different, late—latest;4. steady—steadily;

5. honest—honesty;

6. freely—free;

7. moving—moved;

8. excited—exciting;

9. worse—worst;

10. seriously—serious;

11. terrible—terribly;

12. easy—easily;

13. well—good

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