永远的纯真——《小飞侠彼得·潘》赏析

文 /晓 菲

◆原作节选◆

That was the last time the girl Wendy ever saw Peter.For a little longer she tried for his sake not to have growing pains;and she felt she was untrue to him when she got a prize for general knowledge.But the years came and went without bringing the careless boy;and when they met again,Wendy was a married woman,and Peter was no more to her than a little dust in the box in which she had kept her toys.

Wendy was married in white with a pink sash.It is strange to think that Peter did not alight in the church and forbid the banns—formal announcement of a marriage.

Years rolled on again,and Wendy had a daughter.

She was called Jane,and always had an odd inquiring look,as if from the moment she arrived on the mainland she wanted to ask questions.When she was old enough to ask them they were mostly about

这是小姑娘温迪最后一次见到彼得。有一个时期，为了彼得的缘故，她努力不让自己越来越痛苦。当她在常识课上得了奖时，她觉得自己是对彼得不忠实。但是，一年年过去了，这位粗心大意的孩子再也没来。等到他们再见面时，温迪已经是一位结了婚的妇人。彼得对于她，只不过成了她收藏玩具的匣子里的一点灰尘。

温迪结婚时，穿着一件白衣，系着一条粉红饰带。想来也挺奇怪，彼得竟没有飞进教堂，去反对这桩婚礼。

岁月如流水，温迪有了一个女儿。

女儿名叫简，她总带着一种好发问的古怪神情，仿佛她一来到世上，就有许多问题要问。她的问题多半是关于彼得的。

“咱们现在看见什么啦？”Peter Pan.

“What do we see now？”

“I don’t think I see anything tonight,”says Wendy.

“Yes,youdo,”saysJane,“youseewhen you were a little girl.”

“That is a long time ago,sweetheart,”says Wendy.“Ah me,how time flies!”

“Does it fly,”asks the artful child,“the way you flew when you were a little girl？”

“The way Iflew? Do you know,Jane,I sometimes wonder whether I ever did really fly.”

“Yes,you did.”

“The dear old days when I could fly!”

“Why can’t you fly now,mother？”

“Because I am grown up,dearest.When people grow up they forget the way.”

“Why do they forget the way？”

“Because they are no longer gay and innocent and heartless.It is only the gay and innocent and heartless who can fly.”

“What is gay and innocent and heartless？I do wish I were gay and innocent and heartless.”

Or perhaps Wendy admits she does see something.

“I do believe,”she says,“that it is Peter.”

“I do believe it is,”says Jane.“Go on.”

They are now embarked on the great adventure of the night when Peter flew in looking for his shadow.

“The foolish fellow,”says Wendy,“tried to stick it on with soap,and when he could not he cried,and that woke me,and I sewed it on for him.”

“You have missed a bit,”interrupts Jane,who now knows the story better than her mother.“When you saw him sitting on the floor crying,what did you say？”

“I sat up in bed and I said,‘Boy,why are you crying？’”

“Yes,that was it,”says Jane,with a big breath.

“And then he flew us all away to the

“今晚我什么也没看见。”温迪说。

“你看得见，”简说，“你是一个小姑娘的时候，就看得见。”

“那是很久很久以前的事啦，我的宝贝，”温迪说，“唉，时间飞得多快呀！”

“时间也会飞吗？”这个机灵的孩子问，“就像你小时候那样飞吗？”

“像我那样飞！你知道吧，简，我有时候真闹不清我是不是真的飞过。”

“你飞过。”

“我会飞的那个好时光，已经一去不回了。”

“你现在为什么不能飞，妈妈？”

“因为我长大了，宝贝。人一长大，就忘了怎么飞了。”

“为什么忘了怎么飞？”

“因为他们不再是快活的、天真的、没心没肺的。只有快活的、天真的、没心没肺的人才能飞。”

“什么叫快活的、天真的、没心没肺的？我真希望我也是快活的、天真的、没心没肺的。”

或许温迪这时候真的悟到了什么。“我想，这都是因为彼得的缘故。”她说。

“我想也是，”简说，“往下讲吧。”

于是她们开始谈到了大冒险的那一夜，先是彼得飞进来找他的影子。

“那个傻家伙，”温迪说，“他想用肥皂把影子粘上，粘不上他就哭。哭声把我惊醒了，我就用针线给他缝上。”

“你漏掉了一点。”简插嘴说，她现在比母亲知道的还清楚，“你看见他坐在地板上哭的时候，你说什么来着？”

“我在床上坐起来，说：‘孩子，你为什么哭？’”

“对了，就是这样。”简说，出了一Neverland and the fairies and the pirates and the redskins and the mermaid’s lagoon,and the home under the ground,and the little house.”

“Yes!Which did you like best of all？”

“I think I liked the home under the ground best of all.”

“Yes,so do I.What was the last thing Peter ever said to you？”

“The last thing he ever said to me was,‘Just always be waiting for me,and then some night you will hear me crowing.’”

“Yes.”

“But,alas,he forgot all about me,”Wendy said it with a smile.She was as grown up as that.

“Whatdid hiscrow sound like?”Janeasked one evening.

“It was like this,”Wendy said,trying to imitate Peter’s crow.

“No,it wasn’t,”Jane said gravely, “it was like this”；and she did it ever so much better than her mother.

Wendy was a little startled.“My darling,how can you know？”

“I often hear it when I am sleeping,”Jane said.

“Ah yes,many girlshearitwhen they are sleeping,but I was the only one who heard it awake.”

“Lucky you,”said Jane.

As you look at Wendy,you may see her hair becoming white,and her figure little again,for all thishappened long ago.Jane isnow a common grown-up,with a daughter called Margaret；and every spring cleaning time,except when he forgets,Peter comes for Margaret and takes her to the Neverland,where she tells him stories about himself,to which he listens eagerly.When Margaret grows up she will have a daughter,who is to be Peter’s mother in turn；and thus it will go on,so long as children are gay and innocent and heartless.大口气。

“后来，他领着我飞到了梦幻岛。那儿有仙子，有海盗，有印第安人，还有人鱼的礁湖；有地下的家，还有那间小屋子。”

“对了！你最喜欢的是什么？”

“我想我最喜欢的是地下的家。”

“对了，我也最喜欢。彼得最后对你说的话是什么？”

“他最后对我说的话是：‘只要你老是等着我，总有一夜你会听到我的叫声。’”

“对了。”

“可是，唉！他已经完全把我忘了。”温迪微笑着说。她已经长那么大了。

“彼得的叫声是什么样的？”有一晚简问道。

“是这样的。”温迪说，她试着学彼得叫。

“不对，不是这样，”简郑重地说，“是这样的。”她学得比母亲强多了。

温迪有点吃惊：“宝贝，你怎么知道的？”

“我睡着的时候常常听到。”简说。

“啊，是啊，许多女孩睡着的时候都听到过，可是只有我醒着听到过。”

“你多幸运。”简说。

你再见到温迪时，会看到她头发变白了，身体又缩小了。因为，这些事是老早老早以前发生的。简现在是普通的成年人了，女儿名叫玛格丽特；每到春季大扫除时节，除非彼得自己忘记了，他总是来带玛格丽特去梦幻岛。她给彼得讲他自己的故事，彼得聚精会神地听着。玛格丽特长大后，又会有一个女儿，她又成了彼得的母亲。事情就这样周而复始，只要孩子们是快活的、天真的、没心没肺的。

◆赏析◆

小时候，我们总觉得时间过得很慢。坐在略带凉意的草坪上数石头，直到腿麻了，眼睛疲了，心烦了，却依旧没数完；忘带钥匙的那日，守着母亲下班回来的路口，看着落日余晖似散似离，将路人的影子拉得很长；伙伴抛过来的沙包，在天空中画出清晰的弧线，我们用双眼认真地凝视着，仿佛全身的力量都追随过去，那么地执著……纯真年代里的“永远”，就是这样吧。日头迟迟，欢声笑语，哪有烦恼挂心头。只是青春逝去，回忆的画面渐渐清晰。在午夜茫然回首之时，我们不禁感慨，曾翘首企盼的“长大”，为何如此残酷；年少时许诺给自己耀眼夺目的人生，为何还未兑现。从自由到束缚，从快乐到压抑，从期盼到遗憾，这难道就是传说中的成长的代价吗？可否选择让时间静止，哪怕身旁人脚步都已匆匆走远，自己也不为之动容呢？

詹姆斯·巴里（1860—1937）笔下的彼得·潘做到了。作者用短短17个篇章，为读者生动地刻画了主人公彼得·潘生活的世界。在那个单纯的世界里，有永恒的童年、永无止境的探险精神、燃烧不尽的热情，这些让无数的孩子为之痴迷。选篇中提到的女孩温迪，曾经就是彼得·潘最忠诚的追随者之一。聪明的彼得·潘察觉出温迪三姐弟正经历着不属于孩童时代的烦恼，便在入夜之后，教会孩子们飞行，并带他们去了永远不会让人长大的“梦幻岛”。在他们享受小岛美景的同时，一场场神奇的冒险也随之展开。当一切回归平静，孩子们相继回到原来的生活轨迹，长大成人。唯有彼得·潘永远留在了这个小岛。

作者巴里生于苏格兰，是一个生长在织布工人家庭的普通孩子。他自幼酷爱读书、写作，后来成为英国著名的小说家、剧作家。他一生为孩子们写了许多童话故事和童话剧，《小飞侠彼得·潘》是其最具影响力的代表作。孩童时，巴里看到几个孩子拿树枝盖房子，拿泥巴做点心，扮仙女、扮海盗，玩得很开心，由此激发了他创作这个童话故事的想法。

时间的发条依旧追着我们不停地往前走。长大后的世界，远不如想象中美好。在希望、失望、绝望的恶性循环里，美好单纯的事物会被渐渐遗忘，只剩下被剥夺了想象力的身体。大多数人，比如书里出现的温迪、约翰、迈克尔、简、玛格丽特等等，也只能无可奈何地接受现实。

作者巴里正是看到了、也经历了这些，才会提笔创作，圆所有读者一个璞玉之梦吧。生活中经历再多的挫折，并不影响我们坦然面对现实；再感到孤寂，也没人能阻止我们满怀赤忱地生活。在绝望中，这些过程被沉淀下来，终将成为生命里最天然的底色，映衬我们内心的火花。也只有如此，方能对得起躲在云彩之上、俗世之外的那个长不大的自己。

愿你心底那个“彼得·潘”，从未离开过。

1.sash n.腰带；肩带 2.alight v.降落；下来

3.banns n.（教会的）结婚预告 4.announcement n.预告；通告

5.innocent adj.天真无邪的 6.embark v.着手；从事

7.sew v.缝纫 8.mermaid n.（传说中的）美人鱼

9.lagoon n.礁湖 10.crow v.叫声

11.imitate v.模仿 12.gravely adv.严肃地